Masculinities and sport: The emphasis on hegemonic masculinity in Portuguese physical education classes

International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 269-291

  Silva, Paula ^a   Botelho Gomes, Paula ^a   Goellner, Silvana Vilodre ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL   (Brazil)

Author keywords

gender issues; hegemonic masculinity; manhood; physical education; sport

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859709010     PISSN: 09518398     EISSN: 13665898     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09518398.2010.529846     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Amour, K. 1999. The case for a body-focus in education and physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 4(1): 5-15.
2. Anderson, E. 2009. Inclusive masculinity: The changing nature of masculinities, London: Routledge.
3. Arnot, B., David, M. and Weiner, G. 1999. Closing the gender gap: Postwar education and social change, London: Polity Press.
4. Badinter, E. 1993. XY-sobre a identidade masculina [XY-On masculine identity], Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira.
5. Benbow, H. 2003. Ways in, ways out: Theorizing the Kantian body. Body & Society, 9(1): 57-72.
6. Bento, J. 1995. O outro lado do Desporto [The other side of sport], Porto: Campo de Letras.
7. Bernstein, B. 1971. Class, codes and control, Vol. 1, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
8. Bordo, S. 1990. "The body and the reproduction of feminity: A feminist appropriation of Foucault". In Gender/body/knowledge: Feminist reconstructions of being and knowing, Edited by: Jaggar, A. and Bordo, S. 13-33. New Brunswick, NJ/London: Rutgers University Press.
9. Bordo, S. 1999. The male body: A new look at men in public and in private, New York: Farra, Strauss and Giroux.
10. Botelho-Gomes, P., Silva, P. and Queirós, P. 2000. Equidade na educação: Educação física e desporto na escola [Equity on education: Physical education and sport at school], Lisboa: Associação Portuguesa a Mulher e o Desporto.
11. Bramham, P. 2003. Boys, masculinities and PE. Sport, Education and Society, 8(1): 57-71.
12. Brown, D. 1999. Complicity and reproduction in teaching physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 4(2): 143-59.
13. Brown, D. 2006. Pierre Bourdieu's 'masculine domination' thesis and the gendered body in sport and physical culture. Sociology of Sport Journal, 23(2): 162-88.
14. Bryson, L. 1990. "Challenges to male hegemony in sport?". In Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives, Edited by: Messner, M. and Sabo, D. 173-84. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
15. Butler, J. 1990. Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity, New York: Routledge.
16. Butler, J. 1993. Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex, New York: Routledge.
17. Chepyator-Thomson, J. and Ennis, C. 1997. Reproduction and resistance to the culture of feminity and masculinity in secondary school physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68(1): 89-99.
18. Clarke, G. 2002. "Difference matters: Sexuality and physical education". In Gender and physical education: Contemporary issues and future directions, Edited by: Penney, D. 41-56. London/New York: Routledge.
19. Coakley, J. 1994. Sport in society: Issues and controversies, Baltimore, MD: Mosby.
20. Coakley, J. 2009. Sport in society: Issues and controversies., 10th ed., Baltimore, MD: Mosby.
21. Connell, R. 1983. "Men's bodies". In Which way is up? Essays on sex, class and culture, 17-32. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
22. Connell, R. 1987. Gender and power, Cambridge: Polity Press.
23. Connell, R. 1990. "An iron man: The body and some contradictions of hegemonic masculinity". In Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives, Edited by: Messner, M. and Sabo, D. 83-96. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
24. Connell, R. 1995. Masculinities, Beverly Hills, CA: University of California Press.
25. Connell, R. 1996. Teaching the boys: New research on masculinity, and gender strategies for schools. Teachers College Record, 98(2): 206-35.
26. Connell, R. 2000. The men and the boys, Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
27. Connell, R. 2001. "Men and violence. United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women". Working Paper Series on Men's Roles and Responsibilities in Ending Gender Based Violence http://www.un-instraw.org
28. Connell, R. 2002. Gender, Cambridge: Polity Press.
29. Connell, R. 2008. Masculinity construction and sports in boys' education: A framework for thinking about the issue. Sport, Education and Society, 13(2): 131-45.
30. Connell, R. and Messerschmidt, J. 2005. Hegemonic masculinity. Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6): 829-59.
31. Cox, B. and Thompson, S. 2000. Multiple bodies: Sportswomen, soccer and sexuality. Review for the Sociology of Sport, 35(1): 5-20.
32. Davis, K. 2003. Teaching for gender equity in physical education: A review of the literature. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 12(2): 55-81.
33. Demetriou, D. 2001. Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity: A critique. Theory and Society, 30(3): 337-61.
34. Dewar, A. 1993. Would all the generic women in sport please stand up? Challenges facing feminist sport sociology. Quest, 45(2): 211-29.
35. Drummond, M. 2010. The natural: An autoethnography of a masculinized body in sport. Men and Masculinities, 12(3): 374-89.
36. Elias, N. and Dunning, E. 1992. A busca da excitação [The quest for excitement in unexciting societies], Lisboa: Difel.
37. Ferreira, V. 2000. A globalização das políticas de igualdade entre os sexos: Do reformismo social ao reformismo estatal [The globalization of gender equality policies: From social contract to the reformist state]. Ex æquo, 2/3: 13-42.
38. Flintoff, A. and Scraton, S. 2001. Stepping into active leisure? Young women's perceptions of active lifestyles and their experiences of school physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 6(1): 5-11.
39. Foster, V., Kimmel, M. and Skelton, C. 2001. "'What about the boys?' An overview of the debates". In What about the boys? Issues of masculinity in schools, Edited by: Martino, W. and Meyenn, B. 1-23. Buckingham: Open University Press.
40. Garrett, R. 2004. "Gendered bodies and physical identities". In Body knowledge and control: Studies in the sociology of physical education and health, Edited by: Evans, J., Davies, B. and Wright, J. 140-56. London/New York: Routledge.
41. Giddens, A. 1997. Modernidade e identidade pessoal [Modernity and self-identity], Oeiras: Celta Editora.
42. Gilmore, D. 1990. Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity, New Haven, CT/London: Yale University Press.
43. Griffin, P. 1981. One small step for personkind: Observations and suggestions for sex equity in coeducational classes. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 1: 12-17.
44. Griffin, P. 1985. Teachers' perceptions of and responses to sex equity problems in a middle school physical education program. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 56(2): 103-10.
45. Griffin, P. 1989. "Gender as a socializing agent in physical education". In Socialization into physical education: Learning to teach, Edited by: Templin, T. and Schempp, P. 219-34. Indianapolis, IN: Benchmark Press.
46. Griffin, P. and Genasci, J. 1990. "Addressing homophobia in physical education: Responsibilities for teachers and researchers". In Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives, Edited by: Messner, M. and Sabo, D. 211-21. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
47. Groz, E. 1994. Volatile bodies: Toward a corporeal feminism, Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
48. Hickey, C. and Fitzclarence, L. 1999. Educating boys in sport and physical education: Using narrative methods to develop pedagogies of responsibility. Sport Education and Society, 4(1): 51-62.
49. Hirose, A. and Pih, K. 2009. Men who strike and men who submit: Hegemonic and marginalized masculinities in mixed martial arts. Men and Masculinities, doi: 10.1177/1097184X09344417
50. Hutchinson, G. 1995. Gender-fair teaching in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 66(1): 42-7.
51. Light, R. 2008. Learning masculinities in a Japanese high school rugby club. Sport, Education and Society, 13(2): 163-79.
52. Lima, L. 1987. "Igualdade de oportunidades de sucesso [Equal opportunities for success]". In O insucesso escolar em questão, Edited by: Área de Análise Social e Organizacional da Educação. 65-9. Braga: Universidade do Minho.
53. Lincoln, Y. and Guba, E. 2000. "Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences". In Handbook of qualitative research, Edited by: Denzin, N. and Lincoln, Y. 163-88. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
54. Louro, G. 2001. As nossas sociedades são intensamente vigiadas [Our societies are actively disciplined]. Publico,: 26
55. Louro, G. 2004. Um corpo estranho. Ensaios sobre a sexualidade e teoria queer [An unknown body. Essays on sexuality and queer theory], Belo Horizonte: Autêntica.
56. Macdonald, D. 1990. The relationship between the sex composition of physical education classes and teacher/pupil verbal interaction. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 9(2): 152-63.
57. Martino, W. and Meyenn, B. 2001. "Preface". In What about the boys? Issues of masculinity in schools, Edited by: Martino, W. and Meyenn, B. x-xii. Buckingham: Open University Press.
58. Messner, M. 2002. Taking the field: Women, men & sports, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
59. Messner, M. and Sabo, D. 1990. "Introduction: Toward a critical feminist reappraisal of sport, men, and the gender order". In Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives, Edited by: Messner, M. and Sabo, D. 1-16. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
60. Miller, T. 1998. Commodifying the male body, problematizing 'hegemonic masculinity'?. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 22(4): 431-47.
61. Moller, M. 2007. Exploiting patterns: A critique of hegemonic masculinity. Journal of Gender Studies, 16(3): 263-76.
62. Mónica, M.F. 1980. Ler e poder: Debate sobre a educação popular nas primeiras décadas do séculoXX [Read and power: Debate on popular education in the early decades of the twentieth century]. Análise Social, XVI(63): 499-518.
63. Patton, M. 2002. Qualitative research & evaluation methods, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
64. Pfister, G. Sport and socialisation-A gender perspective. Paper presented at the seminar of the Summer School Sport and Gender. June19-22. Denmark: University of Copenhagen.
65. Pinto, T. 1999. Caminhos e encruzilhadas da co-educação [Paths and crossroads of the coeducation]. Ex æquo, 1: 123-35.
66. Pringle, R. 2005. Masculinities, sport and power: A critical comparison of Gramscian and Foucauldian inspired theoretical tools. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 29(3): 256-78.
67. Pringle, R. 2008. 'No rugby-no fear': Collective stories, masculinities and transformative possibilities in schools. Sport, Education and Society, 13(2): 215-37.
68. Ronholt, H. 2002. 'It's only the sissies...': Analysis of teaching and learning processes in physical education-A contribution to the hidden curriculum. Sport, Education and Society, 7(1): 25-36.
69. Saldaña, J. 2009. The coding manual for qualitative researches, London: Sage.
70. Scraton, S. 1993. "Equality, coeducation and physical education in secondary schooling". In Equality, education and physical education, Edited by: Evans, J. 139-53. Lewes: Falmer Press.
71. Scraton, S., Fasting, K., Pfister, G. and Bunuel, A. 1999. It's still a man's game? The experience of top-level women footballers in England, Germany, Norway and Spain. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34(2): 99-111.
72. Shilling, C. 2003. The body and social theory., 2nd ed., London: Sage.
73. Silva, P., Botelho-Gomes, P. and Goellner, S. 2008. Gender relations in physical education's classes-Students' perceptions. Portuguese Journal of Sport Sciences, 8(3): 396-405.
74. Skelton, C. 2000. 'A passion for football': Dominant masculinities and primary schooling. Sport, Education and Society, 5(1): 5-18.
75. Sousa, E. and Altmann, H. 1999. Meninos e meninas: Expectativas corporais e implicações na educação física escolar [Boys and girls: Gender issues and their implication for education]. Cadernos Cedes, 48: 52-68.
76. Spradley, J. 1980. Participant observation, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
77. Swain, J. 2003. How young schoolboys become somebody: The role of the body in the construction of masculinity. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 24(3): 299-314.
78. Swain, J. 2006. The role of sport in the construction of masculinities in an English independent junior school. Sport, Education and Society, 11(4): 317-35.
79. Vale-Almeida, M. 1996a. "Corpo presente: Antropologia do corpo e da incorporação [This body: Anthropology of the body and incorporation]". In Corpo presente: Treze reflexões antropológicas do corpo, Edited by: Vale-Almeida, M. 1-22. Oeiras: Celta Editora.
80. Vale-Almeida, M. 1996b. The hegemonic male: Masculinity in a Portuguese town, Oxford/Providence, RI: Berghahn Books.
81. Vale-Almeida, M. 2004. O manifesto do corpo [The manifesto of the body]. Manifesto, 5: 18-35.
82. Weiner, G., Arnot, M. and David, M. 1997. "Is the future female? Female success, male disadvantage and changing gender patterns in education". In Education, economy, culture and society, Edited by: Halsey, A., Lauder, H., Brown, P. and Wells, A. 620-31. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
83. Whitehead, S. 1998. Hegemonic masculinity revisited. Gender, Work and Organization, 6(1): 58-62.
84. Williamson, K. 1996. "Gender issues". In Student learning in physical education, Edited by: Templin, T. and Schempp, P. 81-100. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
85. Wright, J. 1997. The construction of gendered contexts in single sex and co-educational physical education lessons. Sport, Education and Society, 2(1): 55-72.
86. Wright, J. and King, R.C. 1991. 'I say what I mean' said Alice: An analysis of gendered discourses in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 10(2): 210-25.
87. Young, K. 1997. Women, sport and physicality. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 32(3): 297-306.