Terrorism, lawmaking, and democratic politics: Legislators as security actors

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 357-374

  Neal, Andrew W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bourdieu; Executive; Law; Legislative; Parliament; Terrorism; UK

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859706838     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: 15561836     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2011.628721     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Stephen J. Schulhofer, The Enemy Within: Intelligence Gathering, Law Enforcement, and Civil Liberties in the Wake of September 11 (New York: Century Foundation Press, 2002).
2. Clive Walker, Blackstone's Guide to Anti-Terrorism Legislation, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).
3. Kent Roach, "Sources and Trends in Post 9/11 Anti-Terrorism Laws" (Legal Studies Research Paper No. 899291, University of Toronto, 2006), available at http://ssrn.com/ paper/899291.
4. Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Counter-Terrorism Legislation and Practice: A Survey of Selected Countries, (London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 2005).
5. Brian Forst, Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
6. Peter R. Neumann and M. L. R. Smith, The Strategy of Terrorism: How It Works, and Why It Fails, Contemporary Terrorism Studies (London: Routledge, 2007).
7. Helen Fenwick, Civil Liberties & Human Rights, 4th ed. (London: Cavendish, 2007).
8. Bruce Ackerman, "The Emergency Constitution, " The Yale Law Journal 113, no. 5 (2004): 1029-1091.
9. For example Bradley Bamford, "The United Kingdom's 'War against Terrorism,'" Terrorism and Political Violence 16, no. 4 (2004): 737-756.
10. For a rare account of this side of the process see Edward C. Page, "The Civil Servant as Legislator: Law Making in British Administration, " Public Administration 81, no. 4 (2003): 651-679.
11. Laura K. Donohue, The Cost of Counterterrorism: Power, Politics, and Liberty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 14-15.
12. Laura K. Donohue, Counter-Terrorist Law and Emergency Powers in the United Kingdom, 1922-2000 (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2000).
13. House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee, "Report on the Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Bill 2001" (2001), 10.
14. Stephen Holmes, The Matador's Cape: America's Reckless Response to Terror (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
15. Carlile of Berriew, "Report on the Operation in 2009 of the Terrorism Act 2000 and of Part 1 of the Terrorism Act 2006" (2010).
16. House of Lords Select Committee on the Constitution, "Fast-Track Legislation: Constitutional Implications and Safeguards": 18.
17. Donohue, Counter-Terrorist Law and Emergency Powers in the United Kingdom, 1922-2000.
18. House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee, "Report on the Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Bill 2001, " para. 10.
19. Andrew W. Neal, "Normalisation and Legislative exceptionalism: Counter-terrorist lawmaking and the changing times of security emergencies, " International Political Sociology 6, no. 3 (2012).
20. Donohue, The Cost of Counterterrorism: Power, Politics, and Liberty, 15.
21. Neocleous, Critique of Security, 61.
22. Donohue, The Cost of Counterterrorism: Power, Politics, and Liberty, 15.
23. Neocleous, Critique of Security, 61.
24. Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, 1991, quoted in Donohue, The Cost of Counterterrorism: Power, Politics, and Liberty, 1.
25. House of Lords Select Committee on the Constitution, "Fast-Track Legislation: Constitutional Implications and Safeguards": 18-19.
26. Lord Lloyd of Berwick, "Inquiry into Legislation against Terrorism. ".
27. Privy Counsellor Review Committee, Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 Review: Report [the 'Netwon Report'](London: Privy Counsellor Review Committee, 2003), 29.
28. UK Government, Legislation Against Terrorism: A Consultation Paper, Cm 4178 (London: The Stationary Office, 1998).
29. Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, 1991, quoted in Donohue, The Cost of Counterterrorism: Power, Politics, and Liberty, 1.
30. The Civil Contingencies Act 2004, the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005, the Terrorism Act 2006, and the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008.
31. David R. Lowry, "Internment: Dentention without trial in Northern Ireland, " Human Rights 5 (1975-76): 261-332.
32. Ben Bowling and Coretta Phillips, "Disproportionate and discriminatory: Reviewing the evidence on police stop and search, " Modern Law Review 70, no. 6 (2007): 936-961.
33. House of Lords, "Opinions of the Lords ofAppeal for Judgement on the Cause 'A' (FC) and Others (FC) (Appellants) V. Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent). "
34. Human Rights Watch, UK: Terrorism Search Power Violates Rights, 2010. http:// www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/02/uk-terrorism-search-power-violates-rights (accessed 13 December 2010).
35. Charles Clarke, Security and Liberty: Future Directions (Labour's Future Group, 2009. http://www.labourfuture.net/FUTURE%20DIRECTIONS%20FOR%20SECURITY %20AND%20LIBERTY%20CHARLES%20CLARKE.htm (accessed 6 September 2010).
36. Joint Committee on Human Rights, "Counter-Terrorism Policy and Human Rights (Seventeenth Report): Bring Human Rights Back In", 38.
37. HM Government, Review of Counter-Terrorism and Security Powers (Cm 8004) (London: The Stationery Office Limited, 2011).
38. Secretary of State for the Home Department, Draft Detention of Terrorist Suspects (Temporary Extension) Bills, Cm 8018, Office of Security and Counter-Terrorism (London: The Stationery Office Limited, 2011), 5.
39. House of Lords Select Committee on the Constitution, Fast-Track Legislation: Constitutional Implications and Safeguards 2 (London: The Stationary Office Ltd., 2009), 103.
40. Lord Lloyd of Berwick, Lord Lloyd (London: BBC, 2005), available at http://news. bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/4325218.stm (accessed 4 August 2010.
41. Tony Wright, "What are MPs for?, " The Political Quarterly 81, no. 3 (2010): 298-308.
42. Philip Norton, Parliament in British Politics (Houndmills: Palgrave, 2005), 48.
43. Philip Cowley, Revolts and Rebellions: Parliamentary Voting Under Blair (London: Politico's, 2002).
44. Richard Whitaker, "Backbench Influence on government legislation? A flexing of parliamentary muscles at Westminster, " Parliamentary Affairs 59, no. 2 (2006): 350-359.
45. Max Weber, "The Profession and Vocation of Politics, " in Weber: Political Writings, ed. Peter Lassman and Ronald Speirs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 343.
46. Matthew Flinders and Alexandra Kelso, "Mind the gap: Political analysis, public expectations and the parliamentary decline thesis, " British Journal of Politics and International Relations 13, no. 2 (2011): 249-268.
47. Matthew Flinders and Alexandra Kelso, "Mind the gap: Political analysis, public expectations and the parliamentary decline thesis, " British Journal of Politics and International Relations 13, no. 2 (2011): 249-268.
48. Matthew Flinders and Alexandra Kelso, "Mind the gap: Political analysis, public expectations and the parliamentary decline thesis, " British Journal of Politics and International Relations 13, no. 2 (2011): 249-268.
49. Matthew Flinders and Alexandra Kelso, "Mind the gap: Political analysis, public expectations and the parliamentary decline thesis, " British Journal of Politics and International Relations 13, no. 2 (2011): 249-268.
50. David Judge, The Parliamentary State (London: Sage, 1993), 2.
51. Robert Packenham, "Legislatures and Political Development, " in Legislatures in Developmental Perspective, ed. Allan Kornberg and L. D. Musolf (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1970), 521-522.
52. Norton, Parliament in British Politics, 7.
53. See Michel Foucault, "Society Must Be Defended": Lectures at the College De France, 1975-76, trans. David Macey (New York: Picador, 2002), 241.
54. David Dyzenhaus, "An unfortunate outburst of Anglo-Saxon parochialism, " The Modern Law Review 68, no. 4 (2005): 673-676.
55. Joint Committee on Human Rights, "Counter-Terrorism Policy and Human Rights (Seventeenth Report): Bring Human Rights Back In", 9.
56. House of Lords Select Committee on the Constitution, "Fast-Track Legislation: Constitutional Implications and Safeguards, " 15.
57. House of Lords Select Committee on the Constitution, "Fast-Track Legislation: Constitutional Implications and Safeguards, " 15.
58. Andrew Defty, "Educating Parliamentarians about intelligence: The role of the British intelligence and security committee, " Parliamentary Affairs 61, no. 4 (2008): 629-30.
59. Andrew Defty, "Educating Parliamentarians about intelligence: The role of the British intelligence and security committee, " Parliamentary Affairs 61, no. 4 (2008): 629-30.
60. Andrew Defty, "Educating Parliamentarians about intelligence: The role of the British intelligence and security committee, " Parliamentary Affairs 61, no. 4 (2008): 629-30.
61. Michael C. Williams, Culture and Security: Symbolic Power and the Politics of International Security (London: Routledge, 2007), 31.
62. Pierre Bourdieu, The Logic of Practice (Cambridge: Polity, 1990), 53.
63. House of Lords Select Committee on the Constitution, "Fast-Track Legislation: Constitutional Implications and Safeguards, " 18.
64. Pierre Bourdieu, "Delegation and Political Fetishism, " in Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity, 1992b), 215-16.
65. Pierre Bourdieu, "Delegation and Political Fetishism, " in Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity, 1992b), 215-16.
66. Pierre Bourdieu, "Delegation and Political Fetishism, " in Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity, 1992b), 215-16.
67. Pierre Bourdieu, "Delegation and Political Fetishism, " in Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity, 1992b), 215-16.
68. Pierre Bourdieu, "Delegation and Political Fetishism, " in Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity, 1992b), 215-16.
69. Vincent Pouliot, "The Logic of Practicality: A Theory of Practice of Security Communities, " International Organization 62, no. 2 (2008): 257.
70. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, ed. Richard Tuck (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
71. See Jean Baudrillard, The Spirit of Terrorism; and, Requiem for the Twin Towers (London: Verso, 2003).
72. Andrew W. Neal, Exceptionalism and the Politics of Counter-Terrorism: Liberty, Security and the War on Terror (Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2010), 57-76.
73. Lord Lloyd of Berwick, "Inquiry into Legislation against Terrorism, " 26.
74. Ole Wæver, "Securitization and Desecuritization, " in On Security, ed. Ronnie D. Lipschutz (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), 54.
75. Pierre Bourdieu, "Political Representation: Elements for a Theory of the Political Field, " in Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity, 1992), 181.
76. Pierre Bourdieu, "Political Representation: Elements for a Theory of the Political Field, " in Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity, 1992), 181.
77. Pierre Bourdieu, "Political Representation: Elements for a Theory of the Political Field, " in Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity, 1992), 181.
78. Pierre Bourdieu, "Political Representation: Elements for a Theory of the Political Field, " in Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity, 1992), 181.
79. Pierre Bourdieu, In Other Words: Essays Towards a Reflexive Sociology (Cambridge: Polity, 1990), 112.
80. Jonathan Evans, "Defending the Realm, Public Lecture by the Director General of the Security Service, Jonathan Evans, Bristol University, 15 October 2009" (2009).
81. Joint Committee on Human Rights, "Counter-Terrorism Policy and Human Rights (Seventeenth Report): Bring Human Rights Back In", 9.
82. Hansard HC vol 505, cols 914-926 (10 February 2010), David Miliband.
83. BBC News, Binyam Mohamed Torture Appeal Lost by UK Government, 10 February 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8507852.stm (accessed 2 September 2010).
84. BBC News, Binyam Mohamed Torture Appeal Lost by UK Government, 10 February 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8507852.stm (accessed 2 September 2010).
85. Press Association, "Miliband Loses Attempt to Block Binyam Mohamed Torture Case Evidence, " The Independent, 10 February 2010, available at http://www.independent.co. uk/news/uk/politics/miliband-loses-attempt-to-block-binyam-mohamed-torture-case-evidence-1894952.html.
86. See Thierry Balzacq, "The Three Faces of Securitization: Political Agency, Audience and Context, " European Journal of International Relations 11, no. 2 (2005): 171-201.
87. Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Security Advisory System. http:// www.dhs.gov/files/programs/Copy_of_press_release_0046.shtm (accessed 8 July 2010).
88. Charlie Brooker, Home Office Raises current terrorism threat level to 'severe,' Newswipe, 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v/OxuYt7iBijQ (accessed 8 July 2010).
89. House of Lords, "Opinions of the Lords of Appeal for Judgement on the Cause 'A' (FC) and Others (FC) (Appellants) V. Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent). ".
90. Joint Committee on Human Rights, "Counter-Terrorism Policy and Human Rights (Seventeenth Report): Bring Human Rights Back In", 9.
91. Joint Committee on Human Rights, "Counter-Terrorism Policy and Human Rights (Seventeenth Report): Bring Human Rights Back In", 9.
92. Nick Vaughan-Williams, "The Shooting of Jean Charles De Menezes: New Border Politics?, " Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 32, no. 2 (2007): 177-195.
93. Jef Huysmans, "What Is in an Act? On Security Speech Acts and Little Security Nothings, " Security Dialogue 42, no. 4-5 (2011): 371-384.
94. Thierry Balzacq, "A Theory of Securitization: Origins, Core Assumptions and Variants, " in Securitization Theory, ed. Thierry Balzacq (London: Routledge, 2010).
95. Contra Behnke, "No Way Out: Desecuritization, Emancipation and the Eternal Return of the Political-a Reply to Aradau".
96. Loi{dotless}̈c Wacquant, "Pointers on Pierre Bourdieu and Democratic Politics, " Constellations 11, no. 1 (2004): 3-15.
97. Keith Topper, "Not So Trifling Nuances: Pierre Bourdieu, Symbolic Violence, and the Perversions of Democracy, " Constellations 8, no. 1 (2001): 30-56.
98. Hansard HC vol 462, col 334 (27 June 2007), Tony Blair.