Isotopic ratios in titan's methane: Measurements and modeling

Astrophysical Journal

Volumn 749, Issue 2, 2012, Pages

  Nixon, C A ^a,b   Temelso, B ^c   Vinatier, S ^d   Teanby, N A ^e   Bezard B ^d   Achterberg, R K ^a,b   Mandt, K E ^f,g   Sherrill, C D ^h   Irwin, P G J ⁱ   Jennings, D E ^b   Romani, P N ^b   Coustenis, A ^d   Flasar, F M ^b  

^a Bldg 142   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^c BUCKNELL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d CNRS   (France)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^f SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^h GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

molecular processes; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: formation; planets and satellites: individual (Titan); radiative transfer

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859570177     PISSN: 0004637X     EISSN: 15384357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/159     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Abbas, M. M., Kandadi, H., & LeClair, A. et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 342
2. Andrews, J., Jayatilaka, D., Bone, R., Handy, N., & Amos, R. 1991, Chem. Phys. Lett., 183, 423
3. Bézard, B., Nixon, C. A., Kleiner, I., & Jennings, D. E. 2007, Icarus, 191, 397
4. Choukroun, M., Grasset, O., Tobie, G., & Sotin, C. 2010, Icarus, 205, 581
5. Chuang, Y. Y., Coitino, E. L., & Truhlar, D. G. 2000, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 446
6. Cordier, D., Mousis, O., Lunine, J. I., Moudens, A., & Vuitton, V. 2008, ApJ, 689, L61
7. Coustenis, A., Achterberg, R. K., & Conrath, B. J. et al. 2007, Icarus, 189, 35
8. Coustenis, A., Jennings, D. E., & Jolly, A. et al. 2008, Icarus, 197, 539
9. Cramer, C. 2004, Essentials of Computational Chemistry: Theories and Models (Chichester: Wiley)
10. de Bergh, C., Courtin, R., & Bézard, B. et al. 2012, Planet. Space Sci., 61, 85
11. de Kok, R., Irwin, P. G. J., & Teanby, N. A. et al. 2007, Icarus, 186, 354
12. De La Haye, V., Waite, J. H., & Johnson, R. E. et al. 2007, J. Geophys. Res. (Space Phys.), 112, A07309
13. Di Lauro, C., Lattanzi, F., & Brown, L. R. et al. 2012, Planet. Space Sci., 60, 93
14. Dunning, T. 1989, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 1007
15. Eckart, C. 1930, Phys. Rev., 35, 1303
16. Eyring, H. 1935, J. Chem. Phys., 3, 107
17. Feller, D. 1993, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 7059
18. Flasar, F. M., Achterberg, R. K., & Conrath, B. J. et al. 2005, Science, 308, 975
19. Flasar, F. M., Kunde, V. G., & Abbas, M. M. et al. 2004, Space Sci. Rev., 115, 169
20. Fletcher, L. N., Orton, G. S., Teanby, N. A., Irwin, P. G. J., & Bjoraker, G. L. 2009, Icarus, 199, 351
21. Fortes, A. D., Grindrod, P. M., Trickett, S. K., & Vočadlo, L. 2007, Icarus, 188, 139
22. Gierczak, T., Talukdar, R. K., Herndon, S. C., Vaghjiani, G. L., & Ravishankara, A. R. 1997, J. Phys. Chem., 101, 3125
23. Gott, J. R., III. 1993, Nature, 363, 315
24. Handy, N., Yamaguchi, Y., & Schaefer, H. 1986, J. Chem. Phys., 84, 4481
25. Helgaker, T., Klopper, W., Koch, H., & Noga, J. 1997, J. Chem. Phys., 106, 9639
26. Hörst, S. M., Vuitton, V., & Yelle, R. V. 2008, J. Geophys. Res. (Planets), 113, E10006
27. Hutsemékers, D., Manfroid, J., & Jehin, E. et al. 2005, A&A, 440, L21
28. Iess, L., Rappaport, N. J., & Jacobson, R. A. et al. 2010, Science, 327, 1367
29. Irwin, P. G. J., Teanby, N. A., & de Kok, R. et al. 2008, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 109, 1136
30. Jennings, D. E., Nixon, C. A., & Jolly, A. et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, L109
31. Jennings, D. E., Romani, P. N., & Bjoraker, G. L. et al. 2009, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 11101
32. Johnston, H. & Heicklen, J. 1962, J. Phys. Chem., 66, 532
33. Jolly, A., Fayt, A., & Benilan, Y. et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 852
34. Kendall, R., Dunning, T., & Harrison, R. 1992, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 6796
35. Khare, B. N., Sagan, C., & Arakawa, E. T. et al. 1984, Icarus, 60, 127
36. Kovács, T., Blitz, M. A., & Seakins, P. W. 2010, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 4735
37. Krasnopolsky, V. A. 2009, Icarus, 201, 226
38. Kuiper, G. P. 1944, ApJ, 100, 378
39. Kunde, V. G., Ade, P. A., & Barney, R. D. et al. 1996, Proc. SPIE, 2803, 162
40. Läuter, A., Lee, K., & Jung, K. et al. 2002, Chem. Phys. Lett., 358, 314
41. Lavvas, P. P., Coustenis, A., & Vardavas, I. M. 2008, Planet. Space Sci., 56, 27
42. Lopes, R. M. C., Mitchell, K. L., & Stofan, E. R. et al. 2007, Icarus, 186, 395
43. Lorenz, R. D., Mitchell, K. L., & Kirk, R. L. et al. 2008, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 2206
44. Lunine, J. I., Yung, Y. L., & Lorenz, R. D. 1999, Planet. Space Sci., 47, 1291
45. Mandt, K. E., Waite, J. H., & Lewis, W. et al. 2009, Planet. Space Sci., 57, 1917
46. Mandt, K. E., Waite, J. H., & Teolis, B. D. et al. 2012, ApJ, 749, 160
47. Matsugi, A., Suma, K., & Miyoshi, A. 2011, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 4022
48. Mcquarrie, D. 2000, Statistical Mechanics (Sausalito, CA: University Science Books)
49. Moore, J. M. & Pappalardo, R. T. 2011, Icarus, 212, 790
50. Mousis, O., Gautier, D., & Bockelée-Morvan, D. 2002a, Icarus, 156, 162
51. Mousis, O., Gautier, D., & Coustenis, A. 2002b, Icarus, 159, 156
52. Mousis, O., Lunine, J. I., & Pasek, M. et al. 2009, Icarus, 204, 749
53. Nair, H., Summers, M. E., Miller, C. E., & Yung, Y. L. 2005, Icarus, 175, 32
54. Neish, C. D. & Lorenz, R. D. 2012, Planet. Space Sci., 60, 26
55. Nelson, R. M., Kamp, L. W., & Lopes, R. M. C. et al. 2009, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, 4202
56. Niemann, H. B., Atreya, S. K., & Bauer, S. J. et al. 2005, Nature, 438, 779
57. Niemann, H. B., Atreya, S. K., & Carignan, G. R. et al. 1998, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22831
58. Niemann, H. B., Atreya, S. K., & Demick, J. E. et al. 2010, J. Geophys. Res. (Planets), 115, 12006
59. Nixon, C. A., Achterberg, R. K., & Teanby, N. A. et al. 2010, Faraday Discuss., 147, 65
60. Nixon, C. A., Achterberg, R. K., & Vinatier, S. et al. 2008a, Icarus, 195, 778
61. Nixon, C. A., Jennings, D. E., & Bézard, B. et al. 2008b, ApJ, 681, L101
62. Nixon, C. A., Jennings, D. E., & Flaud, J.-M. et al. 2009a, Planet. Space Sci., 57, 1573
63. Nixon, C. A., Teanby, N. A., & Calcutt, S. B. et al. 2009b, Appl. Opt., 48, 1912
64. Opansky, B. J. & Leone, S. R. 1996, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 4888
65. Penteado, P. F., Griffith, C. A., Greathouse, T. K., & de Bergh, C. 2005, ApJ, 629, L53
66. Pinto, J. P., Lunine, J. I., Kim, S., & Yung, Y. L. 1986, Nature, 319, 388
67. Raghavachari, K., Trucks, G. W., Pople, J. A., & Head-Gordon, M. 1989, Chem. Phys. Lett., 157, 479
68. Sellevåg, S. R., Nyman, G., & Nielson, C. J. 2006, J. Phys. Chem., 110, 141
69. Skodje, R. T. & Truhlar, D. G. 1981, J. Phys. Chem., 85, 624
70. Soderblom, L. A., Brown, R. H., & Soderblom, J. M. et al. 2009, Icarus, 204, 610
71. Sotin, C., Jaumann, R., & Buratti, B. J. et al. 2005, Nature, 435, 786
72. Stanton, J. F., Gauss, J., Harding, M. E., & Szalay, P. G. 2010, CFOUR, A Quantum Chemical Program Package Written by J. F. Stanton, J. Gauss, M. E. Harding, P. G. Szalay with contributions from A. A. Auer, R. J. Bartlett, U. Benedikt, C. Berger, D. E. Bernholdt, Y. J. Bomble, O. Christiansen, M. Heckert, O. Heun, C. Huber, T.-C. Jagau, D. Jonsson, J. Jusélius, K. Klein, W. J. Lauderdale, D. A. Matthews, T. Metzroth, D. P. O'Neill, D. R. Price, E. Prochnow, K. Ruud, F. Schiffmann, S. Stopkowicz, A. Tajti, J. Vázquez, F. Wang, J. D. Watts and the integral packages MOLECULE (J. Almlöf and P. R. Taylor), PROPS (P. R. Taylor), ABACUS (T. Helgaker, H. J. Aa. Jensen, P. Jorgensen, and J. Olsen), and ECP routines by A. V. Mitin and C. van Wüllen, for the current version, see http://www.cfour.de
73. Strobel, D. F., Atreya, S. K., & Bézard, B. et al. 2010, Atmospheric Structure and Composition, ed. R. H. Brown, J.-P. Lebreton, & J. H. Waite (Heidelberg: Springer), 235
74. Teanby, N. A., Irwin, P. G. J., & de Kok, R. et al. 2007, Icarus, 186, 364
75. Temelso, B., Sherrill, C. D., Merkle, R. C., & Freitas, R. A. J. 2006, J. Phys. Chem., 110, 11160
76. Tobie, G., Lunine, J. I., & Sotin, C. 2006, Nature, 440, 61
77. Truhlar, D. G., Garrett, B. C., & Klippenstein, S. J. 1996, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 12771
78. Tyler, S. C., Ajie, H. O., Rice, A. L., Cicerone, R. J., & Tuazon, E. C. 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1715
79. Valeev, E. F. & Sherrill, C. D. 2003, J. Chem. Phys., 118, 3921
80. Vandeputte, A. G., Sabbe, M. K., & Reyniers, M.-F. et al. 2007, J. Phys. Chem., 111, 11771
81. Vinatier, S., Bézard, B., & de Kok, R. et al. 2010, Icarus, 210, 852
82. Vinatier, S., Bézard, B., & Fouchet, T. et al. 2007, Icarus, 188, 120
83. Vuitton, V., Yelle, R. V., & McEwan, M. J. 2007, Icarus, 191, 722
84. Wall, S. D., Lopes, R. M., & Stofan, E. R. et al. 2009, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, 4203
85. Werner, R. A. & Brand, W. A. 2001, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 15, 501
86. Wigner, E. 1932, Phys. Rev., 40, 749
87. Wilson, E. H. & Atreya, S. K. 2009, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 11221
88. Wong, A.-S., Morgan, C. G., Yung, Y. L., & Owen, T. 2002, Icarus, 155, 382
89. Yang, D. 1993, Chem. Phys., 177, 271
90. Yelle, R. V., Cui, J., & Müller-Wodarg, I. C. F. 2008, J. Geophys. Res. (Planets), 113, E10003
91. Yung, Y. L., Allen, M., & Pinto, J. P. 1984, ApJS, 55, 465
92. Zhang, Y. K. & Yang, W. T. 1998, J. Chem. Phys., 109, 2604