메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 824-835

Phylogeography of the Cape velvet worm (Onychophora: Peripatopsis capensis) reveals the impact of Pliocene/Pleistocene climatic oscillations on Afromontane forest in the Western Cape, South Africa

Author keywords

Bayesian clock; Cape Floristic Region; Climatic oscillations; Cryptic species; MtDNA; Peripatopsis; Phylogeography; Pliocene; South Africa

Indexed keywords

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; RAIN;

EID: 84859439225     PISSN: 1010061X     EISSN: 14209101     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02482.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 77956995125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conceptual model for the development and management of the Cape Flats aquifer, South Africa
    • Adelana, S., Xu, Y. & Vrbka, P. 2010. A conceptual model for the development and management of the Cape Flats aquifer, South Africa. Water SA 36: 461-474.
    • (2010) Water SA , vol.36 , pp. 461-474
    • Adelana, S.1    Xu, Y.2    Vrbka, P.3
  • 2
    • 0000501656 scopus 로고
    • Information theory as an extension of maximum likelihood principle
    • (B.N. Petrov & F. Csake, eds) Akademiai Kaido, Budapest
    • Akaike, H. 1973. Information theory as an extension of maximum likelihood principle. In: Second International Symposium on Information Theory (B.N. Petrov & F. Csake, eds), pp. 267-281. Akademiai Kaido, Budapest.
    • (1973) Second International Symposium on Information Theory , pp. 267-281
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 4
    • 79952684501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land planarians (Platyhelminthes) as a model organism for fine-scale phylogeographic studies: understanding patterns of biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot
    • Álvarez-Presas, M., Carbayo, F., Rozas, J. & Riutort, M. 2011. Land planarians (Platyhelminthes) as a model organism for fine-scale phylogeographic studies: understanding patterns of biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot. J. Evol. Biol. 24: 887-896.
    • (2011) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 887-896
    • Álvarez-Presas, M.1    Carbayo, F.2    Rozas, J.3    Riutort, M.4
  • 5
    • 36349016765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep genetic divergences in Aoraki denticulate (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) a widespread 'mite harvestman' defies DNA taxonomy
    • Boyer, S.L., Baker, J.M. & Giribet, G. 2007. Deep genetic divergences in Aoraki denticulate (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) a widespread 'mite harvestman' defies DNA taxonomy. Mol. Ecol. 16: 4999-5016.
    • (2007) Mol. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 4999-5016
    • Boyer, S.L.1    Baker, J.M.2    Giribet, G.3
  • 6
    • 0024196450 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from the Swartkrans cave for the earliest use of fire
    • Brain, C.K. & Sillen, A. 1988. Evidence from the Swartkrans cave for the earliest use of fire. Nature 336: 464-466.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.336 , pp. 464-466
    • Brain, C.K.1    Sillen, A.2
  • 8
    • 0028303111 scopus 로고
    • Rapid morphological radiation and convergence among races of the butterfly Heliconius erato inferred from patterns of mitochondrial DNA evolution
    • Brower, A.V.Z. 1994. Rapid morphological radiation and convergence among races of the butterfly Heliconius erato inferred from patterns of mitochondrial DNA evolution. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 6491-6495.
    • (1994) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.91 , pp. 6491-6495
    • Brower, A.V.Z.1
  • 9
    • 78650497183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the age of fire in the Cape flora of South Africa from an orchid phylogeny
    • Bytebier, B., Antonelli, A., Bellsted, D.U. & Linder, H.P. 2011. Estimating the age of fire in the Cape flora of South Africa from an orchid phylogeny. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 278: 188-195.
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.278 , pp. 188-195
    • Bytebier, B.1    Antonelli, A.2    Bellsted, D.U.3    Linder, H.P.4
  • 10
    • 59849093347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability predicts genetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot
    • Carnaval, A.C., Hickerson, M.J., Haddad, C.F.B., Rodrigues, M.T. & Moritz, C. 2009. Stability predicts genetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot. Science 323: 785-789.
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , pp. 785-789
    • Carnaval, A.C.1    Hickerson, M.J.2    Haddad, C.F.B.3    Rodrigues, M.T.4    Moritz, C.5
  • 11
    • 0030238210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The paradox of forest conservation in South Africa
    • Castley, J.G. & Kerley, G.I.H. 1996. The paradox of forest conservation in South Africa. Forest Ecol. Manag. 85: 35-46.
    • (1996) Forest Ecol. Manag. , vol.85 , pp. 35-46
    • Castley, J.G.1    Kerley, G.I.H.2
  • 12
    • 34848920890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary dynamics of southern Africa's winter rainfall zone
    • Chase, B.M. & Meadows, M.E. 2007. Late Quaternary dynamics of southern Africa's winter rainfall zone. Earth Sci. Rev. 84: 103-138.
    • (2007) Earth Sci. Rev. , vol.84 , pp. 103-138
    • Chase, B.M.1    Meadows, M.E.2
  • 13
    • 0033771358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies
    • Clement, M., Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol. Ecol. 9: 1657-1660.
    • (2000) Mol. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 1657-1660
    • Clement, M.1    Posada, D.2    Crandall, K.A.3
  • 14
    • 0002055614 scopus 로고
    • African flora since the terminal Jurassic
    • (P. Goldblatt, ed.) Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA
    • Coetzee, J.A. 1993. African flora since the terminal Jurassic. In: Biological Relationships between Africa and South America (P. Goldblatt, ed.), pp. 37-61. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA.
    • (1993) Biological Relationships between Africa and South America , pp. 37-61
    • Coetzee, J.A.1
  • 15
    • 0036115641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity, speciation/extinction history and climate: explaining regional plant diversity patterns in the Cape Floristic Region
    • Cowling, R.M. & Lombard, A.T. 2002. Heterogeneity, speciation/extinction history and climate: explaining regional plant diversity patterns in the Cape Floristic Region. Divers. Distrib. 8: 163-179.
    • (2002) Divers. Distrib. , vol.8 , pp. 163-179
    • Cowling, R.M.1    Lombard, A.T.2
  • 16
    • 64149127941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the uniqueness of the Cape flora: incorporating geomorphic evolution as a factor for explaining its diversification
    • Cowling, R.M., Procheş, S. & Partridge, T.C. 2009. Explaining the uniqueness of the Cape flora: incorporating geomorphic evolution as a factor for explaining its diversification. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 51: 64-74.
    • (2009) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.51 , pp. 64-74
    • Cowling, R.M.1    Procheş, S.2    Partridge, T.C.3
  • 17
    • 0002047502 scopus 로고
    • Speciation and its ontology: the empirical consequences of alternative species concepts for understanding patterns and processes of differentiation
    • (D. Otte & J.A. Endler, eds) Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
    • Cracraft, J. 1989. Speciation and its ontology: the empirical consequences of alternative species concepts for understanding patterns and processes of differentiation. In: Speciation and Its Consequences (D. Otte & J.A. Endler, eds), pp. 3-87. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
    • (1989) Speciation and Its Consequences , pp. 3-87
    • Cracraft, J.1
  • 18
    • 80052778497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing the colonisation and diversification history of the endemic freshwater crab (Seychellum alluaudi) in the granitic and volcanic Seychelles Archipelago
    • Daniels, S.R. 2011. Reconstructing the colonisation and diversification history of the endemic freshwater crab (Seychellum alluaudi) in the granitic and volcanic Seychelles Archipelago. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 61: 534-542.
    • (2011) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.61 , pp. 534-542
    • Daniels, S.R.1
  • 19
    • 78649544469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and morphological variation in a South African velvet worm, Peripatopsis moseleyi (Onychophora, Peripatopsidae): evidence for cryptic speciation
    • Daniels, S.R. & Ruhberg, H. 2010. Molecular and morphological variation in a South African velvet worm, Peripatopsis moseleyi (Onychophora, Peripatopsidae): evidence for cryptic speciation. J. Zool. 282: 171-179.
    • (2010) J. Zool. , vol.282 , pp. 171-179
    • Daniels, S.R.1    Ruhberg, H.2
  • 20
    • 0034927622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic patterns of genetic and morphological divergence amongst populations of a river crab (Decapoda, Potamonautidae) with the description of a new species from mountain streams in the Western Cape, South Africa
    • Daniels, S.R., Stewart, B.A. & Burmeister, L. 2001. Geographic patterns of genetic and morphological divergence amongst populations of a river crab (Decapoda, Potamonautidae) with the description of a new species from mountain streams in the Western Cape, South Africa. Zool. Scr. 30: 181-197.
    • (2001) Zool. Scr. , vol.30 , pp. 181-197
    • Daniels, S.R.1    Stewart, B.A.2    Burmeister, L.3
  • 21
    • 33747096231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeographic patterning in a freshwater crab species (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes) reveals the signature of historical climatic oscillations
    • Daniels, S.R., Gouws, G. & Crandall, K.A. 2006. Phylogeographic patterning in a freshwater crab species (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes) reveals the signature of historical climatic oscillations. J. Biogeogr. 33: 1538-1549.
    • (2006) J. Biogeogr. , vol.33 , pp. 1538-1549
    • Daniels, S.R.1    Gouws, G.2    Crandall, K.A.3
  • 22
    • 65249164078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling evolutionary lineages among South African velvet worms (Onychophora: Peripatopsis) provides evidence for widespread cryptic speciation
    • Daniels, S.R., Picker, M.D., Cowlin, R.M. & Hamer, M.L. 2009. Unravelling evolutionary lineages among South African velvet worms (Onychophora: Peripatopsis) provides evidence for widespread cryptic speciation. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 97: 200-216.
    • (2009) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.97 , pp. 200-216
    • Daniels, S.R.1    Picker, M.D.2    Cowlin, R.M.3    Hamer, M.L.4
  • 23
    • 0002866318 scopus 로고
    • An introduction to Fynbos region, time scales and palaeoenvironments
    • Deacon, H.J. 1983a. An introduction to Fynbos region, time scales and palaeoenvironments. CSIR Report 75: 1-99.
    • (1983) CSIR Report , vol.75 , pp. 1-99
    • Deacon, H.J.1
  • 24
    • 0021060886 scopus 로고
    • Another look at Pleistocene climates of South Africa
    • Deacon, H.J. 1983b. Another look at Pleistocene climates of South Africa. SA. J. Sc. 79: 325-328.
    • (1983) SA. J. Sc. , vol.79 , pp. 325-328
    • Deacon, H.J.1
  • 25
    • 38649110663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees
    • Drummond, A.J. & Rambaut, A. 2007. BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evol. Biol. 7: 214.
    • (2007) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 214
    • Drummond, A.J.1    Rambaut, A.2
  • 28
    • 0035729731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary assembly of the milkweed fauna: cytochrome oxidase I and the age of Tetraopes beetles
    • Farrell, B.D. 2001. Evolutionary assembly of the milkweed fauna: cytochrome oxidase I and the age of Tetraopes beetles. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 18: 467-478.
    • (2001) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 467-478
    • Farrell, B.D.1
  • 29
    • 0000461280 scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap
    • Felsenstein, J.F. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 783-791
    • Felsenstein, J.F.1
  • 30
    • 67649861387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation in the genetic structure of an Atlantic coastal forest frog reveals regional differences in habitat stability
    • Fitzpatrick, S.W. 2009. Geographical variation in the genetic structure of an Atlantic coastal forest frog reveals regional differences in habitat stability. Mol. Ecol. 18: 2877-2896.
    • (2009) Mol. Ecol. , vol.18 , pp. 2877-2896
    • Fitzpatrick, S.W.1
  • 31
    • 0028528103 scopus 로고
    • DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates
    • Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vreijenhoek, R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 3: 294-299.
    • (1994) Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. , vol.3 , pp. 294-299
    • Folmer, O.1    Black, M.2    Hoeh, W.3    Lutz, R.4    Vreijenhoek, R.5
  • 32
    • 0030821992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection
    • Fu, Y. 1997. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics 147: 915-925.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 915-925
    • Fu, Y.1
  • 33
    • 34247381057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catchments catch all: long-term population history of a giant springtail from the southeast Australian highlands-a multigene approach
    • Garrick, R.C., Sands, C.J., Rowell, D.M., Hillis, D.M. & Sunnucks, P. 2007. Catchments catch all: long-term population history of a giant springtail from the southeast Australian highlands-a multigene approach. Mol. Ecol. 16: 1865-1882.
    • (2007) Mol. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 1865-1882
    • Garrick, R.C.1    Sands, C.J.2    Rowell, D.M.3    Hillis, D.M.4    Sunnucks, P.5
  • 34
    • 0030052735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First molecular evidence for the existence of a Tardigrada + Arthropoda Clade
    • Giribet, G., Carranza, S., Baguña, J., Riutort, M. & Ribera, C. 1996. First molecular evidence for the existence of a Tardigrada + Arthropoda Clade. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13: 76-84.
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 76-84
    • Giribet, G.1    Carranza, S.2    Baguña, J.3    Riutort, M.4    Ribera, C.5
  • 35
    • 0032177673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships among Onychophora from Australia Inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene
    • Gleeson, D.M., Rowell, D.M., Tait, N.N., Briscoe, D.A. & Higgins, A.V. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships among Onychophora from Australia Inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 10: 237-248.
    • (1998) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 237-248
    • Gleeson, D.M.1    Rowell, D.M.2    Tait, N.N.3    Briscoe, D.A.4    Higgins, A.V.5
  • 36
    • 0036071615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant diversity of the Cape region of Southern Africa
    • Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J.C. 2002. Plant diversity of the Cape region of Southern Africa. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 281-302.
    • (2002) Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. , vol.18 , pp. 281-302
    • Goldblatt, P.1    Manning, J.C.2
  • 37
    • 1242300205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptic species within the freshwater isopod Mesamphisopus capensis (Phreatoicidea: Amphisopodidae) in the Western Cape, South Africa: allozyme and 12S rRNA sequence data and morphometric evidence
    • Gouws, G., Stewart, B.A. & Daniels, S.R. 2004. Cryptic species within the freshwater isopod Mesamphisopus capensis (Phreatoicidea: Amphisopodidae) in the Western Cape, South Africa: allozyme and 12S rRNA sequence data and morphometric evidence. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 81: 235-253.
    • (2004) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.81 , pp. 235-253
    • Gouws, G.1    Stewart, B.A.2    Daniels, S.R.3
  • 38
    • 77950057971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiple data set phylogeny for the endemic South African freshwater phreatoicidean isopod genus Mesamphisopus: Taxonomic and biogeographic implications
    • Gouws, G., Matthee, C.A. & Stewart, B.A. 2010. A multiple data set phylogeny for the endemic South African freshwater phreatoicidean isopod genus Mesamphisopus: Taxonomic and biogeographic implications. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 55: 541-551.
    • (2010) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.55 , pp. 541-551
    • Gouws, G.1    Matthee, C.A.2    Stewart, B.A.3
  • 39
    • 0009413489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the Onychophora of South Africa, with discussion of their conservation
    • Hamer, M.L., Samways, M.J. & Ruhberg, H. 1997. A review of the Onychophora of South Africa, with discussion of their conservation. Ann. Natal. Mus. 38: 283-312.
    • (1997) Ann. Natal. Mus. , vol.38 , pp. 283-312
    • Hamer, M.L.1    Samways, M.J.2    Ruhberg, H.3
  • 41
    • 77249086587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian inference of species trees from multilocus data
    • Heled, J. & Drummond, A. 2010. Bayesian inference of species trees from multilocus data. Mol. Biol. Evol. 27: 570-580.
    • (2010) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.27 , pp. 570-580
    • Heled, J.1    Drummond, A.2
  • 42
    • 84904075781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice ages, species distributions, and evolution
    • (L. Rothschild & A. Lister, eds) Academic Press, London
    • Hewitt, G. 2003. Ice ages, species distributions, and evolution. In: Evolution on Planet Earth (L. Rothschild & A. Lister, eds), pp. 339-361. Academic Press, London.
    • (2003) Evolution on Planet Earth , pp. 339-361
    • Hewitt, G.1
  • 43
    • 0000732090 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of protein molecules
    • (X.X. Munro, ed) Academic Press, New York
    • Jukes, T.H. & Cantor, C.R. 1969. Evolution of protein molecules. In: Mammalian Protein Metabolism (X.X. Munro, ed), pp. 21-132. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1969) Mammalian Protein Metabolism , pp. 21-132
    • Jukes, T.H.1    Cantor, C.R.2
  • 45
    • 0347821842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and management of salinity in the Breede River Valley, South Africa
    • Kirchner, J., Moolman, J.H., du Plessis, H.M. & Reynders, A.G. 1997. Causes and management of salinity in the Breede River Valley, South Africa. Hydrogeol. J. 5: 98-108.
    • (1997) Hydrogeol. J. , vol.5 , pp. 98-108
    • Kirchner, J.1    Moolman, J.H.2    du Plessis, H.M.3    Reynders, A.G.4
  • 46
    • 0038158142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The radiation of the Cape Flora
    • Linder, H.P. 2003. The radiation of the Cape Flora. Biol. Rev. 78: 597-638.
    • (2003) Biol. Rev. , vol.78 , pp. 597-638
    • Linder, H.P.1
  • 47
    • 0028973814 scopus 로고
    • Towards a profile of an endemic mountain fynbos flora: implications for conservation
    • McDonald, D.J. & Cowling, R.M. 1995. Towards a profile of an endemic mountain fynbos flora: implications for conservation. Biol. Conserv. 72: 1-12.
    • (1995) Biol. Conserv. , vol.72 , pp. 1-12
    • McDonald, D.J.1    Cowling, R.M.2
  • 48
    • 0029661307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation-environment relationships on a species-rich coastal mountain range in the fynbos biome (South Africa)
    • McDonald, D.J., Cowling, R.M. & Boucher, C. 1996. Vegetation-environment relationships on a species-rich coastal mountain range in the fynbos biome (South Africa). Vegetatio 123: 165-182.
    • (1996) Vegetatio , vol.123 , pp. 165-182
    • McDonald, D.J.1    Cowling, R.M.2    Boucher, C.3
  • 49
    • 79551560921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On metapopulations and microrefugia: palaeoecological insights
    • Mosblech, N.A.S., Bush, M.B. & van Woesik, R. 2011. On metapopulations and microrefugia: palaeoecological insights. J. Biogeogr. 38: 419-429.
    • (2011) J. Biogeogr. , vol.38 , pp. 419-429
    • Mosblech, N.A.S.1    Bush, M.B.2    van Woesik, R.3
  • 52
    • 0031773680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution
    • Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. 1998. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817-818.
    • (1998) Bioinformatics , vol.14 , pp. 817-818
    • Posada, D.1    Crandall, K.A.2
  • 53
    • 84859440670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FigTree
    • Rambaut, A., 2009. FigTree. [www document]. URL .
    • (2009)
    • Rambaut, A.1
  • 54
    • 0034775422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetics of Planipapillus, lawn-headed Onychophorans of the Australian Alps, based on nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences
    • Rockman, M.W., Rowell, D.M. & Tait, N.N. 2001. Phylogenetics of Planipapillus, lawn-headed Onychophorans of the Australian Alps, based on nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 21: 103-116.
    • (2001) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.21 , pp. 103-116
    • Rockman, M.W.1    Rowell, D.M.2    Tait, N.N.3
  • 55
    • 0041386108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models
    • Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572-1574.
    • (2003) Bioinformatics , vol.19 , pp. 1572-1574
    • Ronquist, F.1    Huelsenbeck, J.P.2
  • 56
    • 0001797594 scopus 로고
    • Biomes of Southern Africa: and objective catergorization
    • Rutherford, M.C. & Westfall, R.H. 1986. Biomes of Southern Africa: and objective catergorization. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 54: 1-98.
    • (1986) Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. , vol.54 , pp. 1-98
    • Rutherford, M.C.1    Westfall, R.H.2
  • 57
    • 0004717398 scopus 로고
    • The upper Quaternary of the Cape Flats area (Cape Province, South Africa)
    • Schalke, H.J.W.G. 1973. The upper Quaternary of the Cape Flats area (Cape Province, South Africa). Scripta Geol. 15: 1-57.
    • (1973) Scripta Geol. , vol.15 , pp. 1-57
    • Schalke, H.J.W.G.1
  • 60
    • 7744234459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new species of Peripatopsis from South Africa, P. stelliporata, with observations on embryonic development and sperm degradation (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)
    • Sherbon, B.J. & Walker, M.H. 2004. A new species of Peripatopsis from South Africa, P. stelliporata, with observations on embryonic development and sperm degradation (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae). J. Zool. 264: 295-305.
    • (2004) J. Zool. , vol.264 , pp. 295-305
    • Sherbon, B.J.1    Walker, M.H.2
  • 61
    • 0018919317 scopus 로고
    • Late Miocene origin of the Benguela upwelling system off Northern Namibia
    • Siesser, W.G. 1980. Late Miocene origin of the Benguela upwelling system off Northern Namibia. Science 208: 283-285.
    • (1980) Science , vol.208 , pp. 283-285
    • Siesser, W.G.1
  • 62
    • 0019353533 scopus 로고
    • Tertiary sea-level movements around Southern Africa
    • Siesser, W.G. & Dingle, R.V. 1981. Tertiary sea-level movements around Southern Africa. J. Geol. 89: 523-536.
    • (1981) J. Geol. , vol.89 , pp. 523-536
    • Siesser, W.G.1    Dingle, R.V.2
  • 63
    • 57549104873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change drives speciation in the southern rock agama (Agama atra) in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa
    • Swart, B.L., Tolley, K.A. & Matthee, C.A. 2009. Climate change drives speciation in the southern rock agama (Agama atra) in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. J. Biogeogr. 36: 78-87.
    • (2009) J. Biogeogr. , vol.36 , pp. 78-87
    • Swart, B.L.1    Tolley, K.A.2    Matthee, C.A.3
  • 65
    • 0007533867 scopus 로고
    • Geological setting of the Fynbos
    • Theron, J.N. 1983. Geological setting of the Fynbos. CSIR report 75: 21-34.
    • (1983) CSIR report , vol.75 , pp. 21-34
    • Theron, J.N.1
  • 66
    • 0031574072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Clustal X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools
    • Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. 1997. The Clustal X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucl. Acids Res. 24: 4876-4882.
    • (1997) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.24 , pp. 4876-4882
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Gibson, T.J.2    Plewniak, F.3    Jeanmougin, F.4    Higgins, D.G.5
  • 67
    • 33644775551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeographic patterns and phylogeography of dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion) in an African biodiversity hotspot
    • Tolley, K.A., Burger, M., Turner, A.A. & Matthee, C.A. 2006. Biogeographic patterns and phylogeography of dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion) in an African biodiversity hotspot. Mol. Ecol. 15: 781-793.
    • (2006) Mol. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 781-793
    • Tolley, K.A.1    Burger, M.2    Turner, A.A.3    Matthee, C.A.4
  • 68
    • 0034099368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA sequences support allozyme evidence for cryptic radiation of New Zealand Peripatoides (Onychophora)
    • Trewick, S.A. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA sequences support allozyme evidence for cryptic radiation of New Zealand Peripatoides (Onychophora). Mol. Ecol. 9: 269-281.
    • (2000) Mol. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 269-281
    • Trewick, S.A.1
  • 69
    • 0035671562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bridging the 'beech-gap': New Zealand invertebrate phylogeography implicates Pleistocene glaciations and Pliocene isolation
    • Trewick, S.A. & Wallis, G.P. 2001. Bridging the 'beech-gap': New Zealand invertebrate phylogeography implicates Pleistocene glaciations and Pliocene isolation. Evolution 55: 2170-2180.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 2170-2180
    • Trewick, S.A.1    Wallis, G.P.2
  • 70
    • 0005093280 scopus 로고
    • The geology
    • Maskew Miller Ltd., Cape Town
    • Walker, F. 1952. The geology. In: The Cape Peninsula. Maskew Miller Ltd., Cape Town.
    • (1952) The Cape Peninsula
    • Walker, F.1
  • 71
    • 0035042094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring patterns of population subdivision in the net-winged midge, Elporia barnardi (Diptera: Blephariceridae), in mountain streams of the south-western Cape, South Africa
    • Wishart, M.J. & Hughes, J.M. 2001. Exploring patterns of population subdivision in the net-winged midge, Elporia barnardi (Diptera: Blephariceridae), in mountain streams of the south-western Cape, South Africa. Freshw. Biol. 46: 479-490.
    • (2001) Freshw. Biol. , vol.46 , pp. 479-490
    • Wishart, M.J.1    Hughes, J.M.2
  • 72
    • 0037230338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic population structure of the net-winged midge, Elporia barnardi (Diptera: Blephariceridae) in streams of the south-western Cape, South Africa: implications for dispersal
    • Wishart, M.J. & Hughes, J.M. 2003. Genetic population structure of the net-winged midge, Elporia barnardi (Diptera: Blephariceridae) in streams of the south-western Cape, South Africa: implications for dispersal. Freshw. Biol. 48: 28-38.
    • (2003) Freshw. Biol. , vol.48 , pp. 28-38
    • Wishart, M.J.1    Hughes, J.M.2
  • 73
    • 2442593803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography, and divergence time estimates for swallowtail butterflies of the genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
    • Zakharov, E.V., Caterino, M.S. & Sperling, F.A.H. 2004. Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography, and divergence time estimates for swallowtail butterflies of the genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Syst. Biol. 53: 193-215.
    • (2004) Syst. Biol. , vol.53 , pp. 193-215
    • Zakharov, E.V.1    Caterino, M.S.2    Sperling, F.A.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.