Palaeozoological insights into management options for a threatened mammal: Southern Africa's Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra)

Diversity and Distributions

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 438-447

  Faith, J Tyler ^a  

^a THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cape Floristic Region; Cape mountain zebra; Climate change; Fynbos; Palaeoecology; Pleistocene

Indexed keywords

CAPE FLORISTIC REGION; CLIMATE VARIATION; ENDANGERED SPECIES; GLOBAL CLIMATE; GRASSLAND; HABITAT MANAGEMENT; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOECOLOGY; PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE BOUNDARY; SUBSPECIES; SURVIVAL; UNGULATE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

SOUTH AFRICA;

CAPRA; EQUIDAE; EQUUS; EQUUS QUAGGA; EQUUS ZEBRA; EQUUS ZEBRA ZEBRA; MAMMALIA; UNGULATA;

EID: 84859426203     PISSN: 13669516     EISSN: 14724642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00841.x     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Avery, D.M. (1982) Micromammals as palaeoenvironmental indicators and an interpretation of the late Quaternary in the southern Cape Province, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 85, 183-274.
2. Bar-Matthews, M., Marean, C.W., Jacobs, Z., Karkanas, P., Fisher, E.C., Herries, A.I.R., Brown, K., Williams, H.M., Bernatchez, J., Ayalon, A. & Nilssen, P.J. (2010) A high resolution and continuous isotopic speleothem record of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from 90 to 53 ka from Pinnacle Point on the south coast of South Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29, 2131-2145.
3. 2 and fires in promoting the spread of grasslands and savannas. Global Change Biology, 9, 973-982.
4. Boshoff, A.F. & Kerley, G.I.H. (2001) Potential distributions of the medium- to large-sized mammals in the Cape Floristic Region, based on historical accounts and habitat requirements. African Zoology, 36, 245-273.
5. Bousman, C.B. (1998) The chronological evidence for the introduction of domestic stock into southern Africa. African Archaeological Review, 15, 133-150.
6. Brink, J.S. (1999) Preliminary report on a caprine from the Cape mountains, South Africa. Archaeozoologia, 10, 11-26.
7. Brink, J.S. & Lee-Thorp, J.A. (1992) The feeding niche of an extinct springbok, Antidorcas bondi (Antelopini, Bovidae), and its paleoenvironmental meaning. South African Journal of Science, 88, 227-229.
8. Cannon, M.D. (2001) Archaeofaunal relative abundance, sample size, and statistical methods. Journal of Archaeological Science, 28, 185-195.
9. Castley, G., Lloyd, P. & Moodley, Y. (2002) Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) taxon data sheet. IUCN Conservation Assessment Management Plan, Randburg, South Africa.
10. Cowling, R.M. & Lombard, A.T. (2002) Heterogeneity, speciation/extinction history and climate: explaining regional plant diversity patterns in the Cape Floristic Region. Diversity and Distributions, 8, 163-179.
11. Deacon, H.J. (1979) Excavations at Boomplaas cave - a sequence through the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene in South Africa. World Archaeology, 10, 241-257.
12. Deacon, J. (1984) The later stone age of southernmost Africa. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 213, Oxford.
13. Deacon, H.J. (1989) Late Pleistocene palaeoecology and archaeology in the southern Cape, South Africa. The human revolution (ed. by P. Mellars and C. Stringer ), pp. 547-564. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
14. Deacon, H.J. (1995) Two late Pleistocene-Holocene archaeological depositories from the Southern Cape, South Africa. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 50, 121-131.
15. Deacon, J. & Lancaster, N. (1988) Late quaternary palaeoenvironments of Southern Africa. Oxford University Press, New York.
16. Dietl, G.P. & Flessa, K.W. (2009) Conservation paleobiology: using the past to manage the future. The Paleontological Society Papers, Vol. 15, Paleontological Society, New Haven, CT.
17. Dietl, G.P. & Flessa, K.W. (2011) Conservation paleobiology: putting the dead to work. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 26, 30-37.
18. Faith, J.T. (2011a) Late Quaternary dietary shifts of the Cape grysbok (Raphicerus melanotis) in southern Africa. Quaternary Research, 75, 159-165.
19. Faith, J.T. (2011b) Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions in southern Africa's Cape Floral Region. Ph.D. Thesis, The George Washington University, Washington DC.
20. Faith, J.T. (2011c) Ungulate community richness, grazer extinctions, and human subsistence behavior in southern Africa's Cape Floral Region. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 306, 219-227.
21. Fisher, E.C., Bar-Matthews, M., Jerardino, A. & Marean, C.W. (2010) Middle and Late Pleistocene paleoscape modeling along the southern coast of South Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29, 1382-1398.
22. Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J.C. (2002) Plant diversity of the Cape Region of South Africa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 89, 281-302.
23. Grayson, D.K. (1984) Quantitative zooarchaeology. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
24. Grayson, D.K. (2005) A brief history of Great Basin pikas. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 2103-2111.
25. Grayson, D.K. & Delpech, F. (2003) Pleistocene reindeer and global warming. Conservation Biology, 19, 557-562.
26. Greenacre, M.J. & Vrba, E.S. (1984) Graphical display and interpretation of antelope census data in African wildlife areas using correspondence analysis. Ecology, 65, 984-997.
27. Grobler, J.H. (1983) Feeding habits of the Cape mountain zebra Equus zebra zebra 1758. Koedoe 26, 159-168.
28. Grubb, P. (1981) Equus burchelli. Mammalian Species, 157, 1-9.
29. 4 plant abundance. Science, 293, 1647-1651.
30. Kerley, G.I.H., Sims-Castley, R., Boshoff, A.F. & Cowling, R.M. (2009) Extinction of the blue antelope Hippotragus leucophaeus: modeling predicts non-viable global population size as the primary driver. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18, 3235-3242.
31. Kidwell, S.M. (2007) Discordance between living and death assemblages as evidence for anthropogenic ecological change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 17701-17706.
32. Klein, R.G. (1972) The late Quaternary mammalian fauna of Nelson Bay Cave (Cape Province, South Africa): its implications for megafaunal extinctions and environmental and cultural change. Quaternary Research, 2, 135-142.
33. Klein, R.G. (1974) On the taxonomic status, distribution and ecology of the blue antelope, Hippotragus leucophaeus (Pallas, 1766). Annals of the South African Museum, 65, 99-143.
34. Klein, R.G. (1978) A preliminary report on the larger mammals from the Boomplaas stone age cave site, Cango Valley, Oudtshoorn District, South Africa. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 33, 66-75.
35. Klein, R.G. (1980) Environmental and ecological implications of large mammals from Upper Pleistocene and Holocene sites in southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 81, 223-283.
36. Klein, R.G. (1983) Palaeoenvironmental implications of Quaternary large mammals in the fynbos region. Fynbos palaeoecology: a preliminary synthesis, South African National Scientific Programmes Report No 75 (ed. by H.J. Deacon, Q.B. Hendey and J.J.N. Lambrechts ), pp. 116-138. National Research Foundation, Pretoria.
37. Klein, R.G. (1994) The long-horned African buffalo (Pelorovis antiquus) is an extinct species. Journal of Archaeological Science, 21, 725-733.
38. Kraaij, T. & Novellie, P.A. (2010) Habitat selection by large herbivores in relation to fire at the Bontebok National Park (1974-2009): the effects of management changes. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 27, 21-27.
39. 12C ratios of grazers at Equus Cave, South Africa. Quaternary Research, 43, 426-432.
40. Linder, H.P. & Hardy, C.R. (2004) Evolution of the species-rich Cape flora. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vegetation, 359, 1623-1632.
41. Lyman, R.L. (1996) Applied zooarchaeology: the relevance of faunal analysis to wildlife management. World Archaeology, 28, 110-125.
42. Lyman, R.L. (2006) Paleozoology in the service of conservation biology. Evolutionary Anthropology, 15, 11-19.
43. Lyman, R.L. (2008) Quantitative paleozoology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
44. Lyman, R.L. & Cannon, K.P. (eds) (2004) Zooarchaeology and conservation biology. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
45. Manning, J. (2008) Field guide to fynbos. Struik, Cape Town.
46. Marean, C.W. (1990) Late Quaternary paleoenvironments and faunal exploitation in East Africa. Ph.D. Thesis. University of California, Berkeley.
47. Marean, C.W. (2010) Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in context: the Cape Floral kingdom, shellfish, and modern human origins. Journal of Human Evolution, 59, 425-443.
48. Mentis, M.T. & Tainton, N.M. (1984) The effect of fire on forage production and quality. Ecological effects of fire in South African ecosystems (ed. by P.d.V. Booysen and N.M. Tainton ), pp. 246-254. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
49. 2 concentrations over the last glacial termination. Science, 291, 112-114.
50. Moodley, Y. & Harley, E.H. (2005) Population structuring in mountain zebras (Equus zebra): the molecular consequences of divergent demographic histories. Conservation Genetics, 6, 953-968.
51. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., de Fonesca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853-858.
52. Novellie, P. & Winkler, A. (1993) A simple index of habitat suitability for Cape mountain zebras. Koedoe, 36, 53-59.
53. Novellie, P., Lindeque, M., Lindeque, P., Lloyd, P. & Koen, J. (2002) Status and action plan for the Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra). Equids: Zebras, Asses, and Horses, status survey and conservation action plan (ed. by P.D. Moehlman ), pp. 28-42. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
54. Opperman, H. (1978) Excavations in the Buffelskloof rock shelter near Calitzdorp, Southern Cape. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 33, 18-38.
55. Reimer, P.J., Baillie, M.G.L., Bard, E. et al. (2009) IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0-50, 000years cal BP. Radiocarbon, 51, 1111-1150.
56. van Rensburg, A.P.J. (1975) Die geskiedenis van die Nastionale Bontebokpark, Swellendam. Koedoe, 18, 165-190.
57. Richardson, D.M. & Whittaker, R.J. (2010) Conservation biogeography - foundations, concepts and challenges. Diversity and Distributions, 16, 313-320.
58. Schweitzer, F.R. & Wilson, M.L. (1982) Byneskranskop 1, a late Quaternary living site in the southern Cape Province, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 88, 1-203.
59. Skead, C.J. (1980) Historic mammal incidence in the Cape Province, Volume 1. Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation of the Provincial Administration of the Cape of Good Hope, Cape Town.
60. Skinner, J.D. & Chimimba, C.T. (2005) The mammals of the Southern African Subregion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
61. Smith, R.K., Marais, A., Chadwick, P., Lloyd, P.H. & Hill, R.A. (2007) Monitoring and management of the endangered Cape mountain zebra Equus zebra zebra in the Western Cape, South Africa. African Journal of Ecology, 46, 207-313.
62. Smith, R.K., Ryan, E., Morley, E. & Hill, R.A. (2011) Resolving management conflicts: could agricultural land provide the answer for an endangered species in a habitat classified as a World Heritage Site? Environmental Conservation, 38, 325-333.
63. Smuts, G.L. (1972) Seasonal movements, migration and age determination of Burchell's zebra (Equus burchelli antiquorum, H. Smith, 1841) in the Kruger National Park. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
64. Stewart, D.R.M. & Stewart, J. (1970) Food preference data by faecal analysis for African plains ungulates. Zoologica Africana, 15, 115-129.
65. Stuiver, M. & Reimer, P.J. (1993) Extended 14C database and revised CALIB radiocarbon calibration program. Radiocarbon, 32, 215-230.
66. Thackeray, J.F. (1990) Temperature indices from late Quaternary sequences in South Africa: comparisons with the Vostok core. South African Geographic Journal, 72, 47-49.
67. Tyson, P.D., Odada, E.O. & Partridge, T.C. (2001) Late Quaternary environmental change in southern Africa. South African Journal of Science, 97, 139-150.
68. Vlok, J. & Schutte-Vlok, A.L. (2010) Plants of the klein karoo. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa.
69. Watson, L.H. & Chadwick, P. (2007) Management of Cape mountain zebra in the Kammanassie Nature Reserve, South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 37, 31-39.
70. Watson, L.H., Odendaal, H.E., Barry, T.J. & Pieterson, J. (2005) Population viability of Cape mountain zebra in Gamka Mountain Nature Reserve, South Africa: the influence of habitat and fire. Biological Conservation, 122, 173-180.
71. Whittaker, R.J., Araújo, M.B., Jepson, P., Ladle, R.J., Watson, J.E.M. & Willis, K.J. (2005) Conservation Biogeography: assessment and prospect. Diversity and Distributions, 11, 3-23.
72. van Wilgen, B.W., Bond, W.J. & Richardson, D.M. (1992) Ecosystem management. The ecology of fynbos: nutrients, fire and diversity (ed. by R.M. Cowling ), pp. 345-371. Oxford University Press, Cape Town.
73. van Wilgen, B.W., Richardson, D.M. & Seydack, A.H.W. (1994) Managing fynbos for biodiversity: constraints and options in a fire-prone environment. South African Journal of Science, 90, 322-329.
74. Winkler, A. (1992) The feeding ecology of the Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra Linn. 1758) in the Mountain Zebra National Park. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
75. Winkler, A. & Owen-Smith, N. (1995) Habitat utilization by Cape mountain zebra in the Mountain Zebra National Park, South Africa. Koedoe, 38, 83-93.