Genital herpes in Canada: Deciphering the hidden epidemic

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Aslam, Mubeen ^a   Kropp, Rhonda Y ^a   Jayaraman, Gayatri ^a   Dinner, Katherine ^a   Wong, Thomas ^a,b   Steben, Marc ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c Institut National Desanté Publique du Québec   (Canada)

Author keywords

Burden of HSV infection; Genital herpes; Herpes simplex virus; Physician visits; Rate of diagnosis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANADA; CONSULTATION; DATA BASE; EPIDEMIC; GENITAL HERPES; HUMAN; INFECTION RATE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRESCRIPTION;

EID: 84859357917     PISSN: 17129532     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2012/386329     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Celum C, Levine R, Weaver M, Wald A. Genital herpes and human immunodeficiency virus: Double trouble. Bull World Health Organ 2004;82:447-53. (Pubitemid 38828431)
2. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections 2003. Geneva, Switzerland.
3. Scoular A. Using the evidence base in genital herpes: Optimising the use of diagnostic tests and information provision. Sex Transm Infect 2002;78:160-5. (Pubitemid 34666530)
4. Hensleigh PA, Andrews WW, Brown Z, et al. Genital herpes during pregnancy: Inability to distinguish primary and recurrent infections clinically. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:891-5. (Pubitemid 27220448)
5. Wald A, Link K. Risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in herpes simplex virus type-2-seropositive persons: A meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 2002;185:45-52. (Pubitemid 34043015)
6. Corey L, Wald A, Celum CL, Quinn TC. The effects of herpes simplex virus-2 on HIV-1 acquisition and transmission: A review of two overlapping epidemics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;35:435-45. (Pubitemid 38420652)
7. Cowan FM, Humphrey JH, Ntozini R, et al. Maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, syphilis and risk of intra-partum transmission of HIV-1; results of a case-control study. AIDS 2008;22:193-201.
8. Singh AE, Romanowski B, Wong T, et al. Herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and risk factors in two Canadian sexually transmitted disease clinics. Sex Transm Dis 2005;32:95-100.
9. Steben M, Sacks SL. Genital herpes: The epidemiology and control of a common sexually transmitted disease. Can J Hum Sex 1997;6:127.
10. Public Health Agency of Canada. Sexually Transmitted Infections in Canadian Street Youth - Findings from Enhanced Surveillance of Canadian Street Youth, 1999-2003. Ottawa: 2006.
11. Kropp RY, Wong T, Cormier L, et al. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in Canada: Results of a 3-year national prospective study. Pediatrics 2006;117:1955-62. (Pubitemid 46071239)
12. Howard M, Sellors JW, Jang D, et al. Regional distribution of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in men and women in Ontario, Canada. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:84-9. (Pubitemid 36098558)
13. Lawee D, Gutman M, Hrytzay M, McLachlin J. Herpes genitalis in patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Can Fam Physician 1983;30:258-64.
14. Wong IC, Murray ML. The potential of UK clinical databases in enhancing paediatric medication research. Br J Clin Pharamcol 2005;59:750-5. (Pubitemid 40838627)
15. Kramarz P, Monnet D, Nicoll A, et al. Use of oseltamivir in 12 European countries between 2002 and 2007 - lack of association with the appearance of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses. Euro Surveill 2009;14:19112.
16. Weisz G, Knaapen L. Diagnosing and treating premenstrual syndrome in five western nations. Soc Sci Med 2009;68:1498-05.
17. Price DB, Honeybourne D, Little P, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia mortality: A potential link to antibiotic prescribing trends in general practice. Respir Med 2004;98:17-24. (Pubitemid 38100750)
18. Campbell NRC, Brant R, Johansen H, et al. Increases in antihypertensive prescriptions and reductions in cardiovascular events in Canada. Hypertension 2009;53:128-134.
19. Fleming DT, McQuillan GM, Johnson RE, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 in the United States, 1976 to 1994. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1105-11. (Pubitemid 27444100)
20. Taylor S, Drake S, Pillay D. Genital herpes, "the new paradigm."J Clin Pathol 1999;52:1-4.
21. Wald A, Zeh J, Selke S, et al. Reactivation of genital herpes simplex virus types 2 infection in asymptomatic seropositive persons. N Engl J Med 2000;342:844-50. (Pubitemid 30165207)
22. Goade D. Genital Herpes. In: Cohen J et al. Infectious Diseases, 2nd edn. New York:Mosby, 2004:817-826.
23. Schmidt OW, Fife KH, Corey L. Reinfection is an uncommon occurrence in patients with symptomatic recurrent genital herpes. J Infect Dis 1984;149:645-6. (Pubitemid 14139054)
24. Engelberg R, Carrell D, Krantz E, Corey L, Wald A. Natural history of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Sex Transm Dis 2003;30:174-7. (Pubitemid 36184367)
25. Corey L, Adams HG, Brown ZA, Holmes KK. Genital herpes simplex infections: Clinical manifestations, course, and complications. Ann Intern Med 1983;98:958-72. (Pubitemid 13053413)
26. Public Health Agency of Canada. 2004 Canadian Sexually Transmitted Infections: Surveillance Report. CCDR 2007; Vol 33S1.
27. Public Health Agency of Canada. Brief Report on Sexually Transmitted Infections: 2007. 〈http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ publicat/2009/sti-its/index- eng.php〉 (Accessed on March 20, 2010).
28. Kliewer E, Demers A, Elliott L, et al. Twenty year trends (1985- 2004) in the incidence and prevalence of anogenital warts in Manitoba. Cancer Care Manitoba. 2008.
29. Health Protection Agency, U.K. STI Epidemiology in 2009: Rates of new episodes of selected diagnoses per 100,000 population, by gender and age group, 2005-09 Table 5 a (ii). 〈http://www.hpa.org.uk/web/ HPAweb&HPAwebStandard/ HPAweb-C/1203348026613#3.-STI-Epidemiology-in-2009- (England)〉 (Accessed on September 23, 2010)
30. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. 2008 Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance. Table 43. Selected STDs and complications - Initial visits to physicians' offices, National Disease and Therapeutic Index: United States, 1966-2008. 〈http://www.cdc.gov/STD/stats08/tables/43.htm〉 (Accessed on September 23, 2010).