Why do health workers in rural Tanzania prefer public sector employment?

BMC Health Services Research

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Songstad, Nils Gunnar ^a   Moland, Karen Marie ^a,b   Massay, Deodatus Amadeus ^c   Blystad, Astrid ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^b BERGEN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE   (Norway)

^c Community Social and Economic Empowerment ^*  (Tanzania)

Author keywords

Human resources; Pension benefits; Rural health services; Tanzania; Working conditions

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HEALTH AUXILIARY; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; HUMAN; MANPOWER; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; RURAL HEALTH CARE; TANZANIA;

ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS; HUMANS; PUBLIC SECTOR; RURAL HEALTH SERVICES; TANZANIA;

EID: 84859347275     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726963     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-92     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. World Health Organization, The World Health Report 2006: Working together for health Geneva: World Health Organization 2006
2. Not enough there, too many here: understanding geographical imbalances in the distribution of the health workforce. Dussault G, Franceschini MC, Hum Resour Health 2006 4 12 10.1186/1478-4491-4-12 16729892 (Pubitemid 43959940)
3. World Health Organization, Increasing access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention global policy recommendations Geneva: World Health Organization 2010
4. Measuring inequalities in the distribution of health workers: the case of Tanzania. Munga MA, Mæstad O, Hum Resour Health 2009 7 4 10.1186/1478-4491-7-4 19159443
5. The unequal distribution of health workers in Tanzania: its magnitude, causes and remedies. Munga MA, PhD Thesis University of Bergen 2011
6. Bypassing primary care facilities for childbirth: a population-based study in rural Tanzania. Kruk ME, Mbaruku G, McCord CW, Moran M, Rockers PC, Galea S, Health Policy Plan 2009 24 4 279 288 10.1093/heapol/czp011 19304785
7. The potential of health sector non-governmental organizations: policy options. Gilson L, Sen PD, Mohammed S, Mujinja P, Health Policy Plan 1994 9 1 14 24 10.1093/heapol/9.1.14 10133097 (Pubitemid 24076696)
8. Poor People's Experiences of Health Services in Tanzania: A Literature Review. Mamdani M, Bangser M, Reprod Health Matters 2004 12 24 138 153 15938167
9. Variations in the quality of care accessible to rural communities in Tanzania. Leonard KL, Masatu MC, Health Aff 2007 26 3 380 w392 10.1377/hlthaff.26.3.w380
10. Gilson L, Erasmus E, Supporting the retention of health resources for health: SADC policy context Harare: Regional Network for Equity in Health in East and Southern Africa (EQUINET) 2005
11. Health sector reform and public sector health worker motivation: A conceptual framework. Franco LM, Bennett S, Kanfer R, Soc Sci Med 2002 54 8 1255 1266 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00094-6 11989961 (Pubitemid 34204099)
12. Salaries and incomes of health workers in sub-Saharan Africa. McCoy D, Bennett S, Witter S, Pond B, Baker B, Gow J, Chand S, Ensor T, McPake B, Lancet 2008 371 9613 675 681 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60306-2 18295025 (Pubitemid 351273399)
13. Motivation and retention of health workers in developing countries: A systematic review. Willis-Shattuck M, Bidwell P, Thomas S, Wyness L, Blaauw D, Ditlopo P, BMC Health Serv Res 2008 8 247 10.1186/1472-6963-8-247 19055827
14. Building the field of health policy and systems research: social science matters. Gilson L, Hanson K, Sheikh K, Agyepong IA, Ssengooba F, Bennett S, PLoS Med 2011 8 8 1001079 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001079 21886488
15. Social services provision in Tanzania: The relationship between political development strategies & NGO participation. Munishi GK, Service provision under stress in East Africa: The state, NGOs & people's organizations in Kenya, Tanzania & Uganda Copenhagen: Centre for Development Research, Semboja J, Therkildsen O, 1995 141 152
16. Public sector reform in a poor, aid-dependent country, Tanzania. Therkildsen O, Public Admin Dev 2000 20 61 71 10.1002/1099-162X(200002)20: 1<61::AID-PAD101>3.0.CO;2-T (Pubitemid 30391011)
17. Trends and issues in health service delivery under economic adjustment. Tibaijuka AK, The social services crisis of the 1990's: Strategies for sustainable systems in Tanzania Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., Tibaijuka AK, 1998 131 168 21600336
18. The United Republic of Tanzania, Annual health statistical abstract. Tanzania Mainland 2008 Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare 2008
19. The United Republic of Tanzania, Human resource for health strategic plan 2008-2013 Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare 2008
20. Providing evidence on human resources for advocacy in Tanzania. Pamba PM, Kahabi J, Quest for quality: interventions to improve human resources for health among faith-based organisations Amsterdam: Cordaid and Royal Tropical Institute, Dieleman M, Hilhorst T, 2009 61 74
21. COWI, Goss Gilroy Inc., EPOS Health Consultants, Joint External Evaluation of the Health Sector in Tanzania 1999-2006 Copenhagen: COWI 2007
22. The United Republic of Tanzania, Annual health statistical abstract 2006 Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare 2006
23. Christian Social Services Commission, Christian Social Services Commission Strategic Plan: 2010-2015 Dar es Salaam: Christian Social Services Commission 2010
24. The United Republic of Tanzania, A performance audit on the processing of terminal benefits of retirees from the Central and Local Government of Tanzania Dar es Salaam: National Audit Office 2010
25. The United Republic of Tanzania, Health sector strategic plan III July 2009-June 2015. Partnership for Delivering the MDGs Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare 2009
26. The United Republic of Tanzania, Primary health services development programme 2007-2017 Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare 2007
27. Tanzania National Health Research Forum, Guidelines on ethics for health research in Tanzania Dar es Salaam: Tanzania National Health Research Forum 2009
28. Job satisfaction and morale in the Ugandan health workforce. Hagopian A, Zuyderduin A, Kyobutungi N, Yumkella F, Health Aff 2009 28 5 863 875 10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.w863
29. A critical review of interventions to redress the inequitable distribution of healthcare professionals to rural and remote areas. Wilson NW, Couper ID, De Vries E, Reid S, Fish T, Marais BJ, Rural Remote Health 2009 9 2 1060 19530891
30. Health sector reforms in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons of the last 10 years. Gilson L, Mills A, Health Policy 1995 32 215 243 10.1016/0168-8510(95) 00737-D 10156640
31. How can we achieve and maintain high-quality performance of health workers in low-resource settings? Rowe A, de Savigny D, Lanata C, Victora C, Lancet 2005 366 9490 1026 1035 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67028-6 16168785 (Pubitemid 41323038)
32. Motivation of health care workers in Tanzania: a case study of Muhimbili National Hospital. Leshabari MT, Muhondwa E PY, Mwangu AA MA, Mbembati N, East Afr J Public Health 2008 5 1 32 37 18669121
33. A shared mission? Changing relationships between government and church health services in Africa. Green A, Shaw J, Dimmock F, Conn C, Int J Health Plann Manage 2002 17 333 353 10.1002/hpm.685 12476641 (Pubitemid 35402130)
34. Local Authorities Pensions Fund (LAPF), http://www.lapftz.org/
35. National Social Security Fund (NSSF), http://www.nssf.or.tz/
36. Per diems undermine health interventions, systems and research in Africa: Burying our heads in the sand. Ridde V, Trop Med Int Health 2010
37. Perceived unfairness in working conditions: The case of public health services in Tanzania. Songstad NG, Rekdal OB, Massay DA, Blystad A, BMC Health Serv Res 2011 11 34 10.1186/1472-6963-11-34 21314985
38. An approach to classifying human resources constraints to attaining health-related Millennium Development Goals. Wyss K, Hum Resour Health 2004 2 11 10.1186/1478-4491-2-11 15238166 (Pubitemid 39112741)
39. NGO code of conduct hopes to stem internal brain drain. Bristol N, Lancet 2008 371 9631 2162 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60937-X 18595167
40. Strengthening health systems in poor countries: a code of conduct for nongovernmental organizations. Pfeiffer J, Johnson W, Fort M, Shakow A, Hagopian A, Gloyd S, Gimbel-Sherr K, Am J Public Health 2008 98 12 2134 2140 10.2105/AJPH.2007.125989 18923125
41. The United Republic of Tanzania, The national social security policy Dar es Salaam: Ministry of labour, youth development and sports 2003
42. TUGHE Supports Countrywide Strike. Daily News Reporter, Daily News Dar es Salaam 2010
43. The Social Security (Regulatory Authority) Act. The United Republic of Tanzania, 2008
44. Social security systems in Tanzania. Mchomvu AST, Tungaraza FSK, Maghimbi S, Journal of Social Development in Africa 2002 17 2 11 28
45. How to make rural jobs more attractive to health workers: findings from a discrete choice experiment in Tanzania. Kolstad JR, Health Econ 2010 20 2 196 211
46. Increasing access to health workers in underserved areas: a conceptual framework for measuring results. Huicho L, Dieleman M, Campbell J, Codjia L, Balabanova D, Dussault G, Dolea C, Bull World Health Organ 2010 88 5 357 363 10.2471/BLT.09.070920 20461135
47. Staffing remote rural areas in middle- and low-income countries: a literature review of attraction and retention. Lehmann U, Dieleman M, Martineau T, BMC Health Serv Res 2008 8 19 10.1186/1472-6963-8-19 18215313 (Pubitemid 351328662)
48. Employment preferences of public sector nurses in Malawi: results from a discrete choice experiment. Mangham LJ, Hanson K, Trop Med Int Health 2008 13 12 1433 1441 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02167.x 18983274
49. Influences on the choice of health professionals to practice in rural areas. Couper ID, Hugo JF, Conradie H, Mfenyana K, S Afr Med J 2007 97 11 1082 1086 18250918 (Pubitemid 350285953)
50. Sub-Saharan Africa: Beyond the health worker migration crisis? Connell J, Zurn P, Stilwell B, Awases M, Braichet JM, Soc Sci Med 2007 64 9 1876 1891 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.12.013 17316943 (Pubitemid 46553715)