Sickle cell trait associated with a RR of death of 37 times in national collegiate athletic association football athletes: A database with 2 million athlete-years as the denominator

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 46, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 325-330

  Harmon, Kimberly G ^a   Drezner, Jonathan A ^a   Klossner, David ^b   Asif, Irfan M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ECONOMICS; EXERCISE; FOOTBALL; HUMAN; MORTALITY; PHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; SICKLE CELL TRAIT; SPORTS MEDICINE; STATISTICS; SUDDEN DEATH; UNITED STATES;

CAUSE OF DEATH; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DEATH, SUDDEN; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FOOTBALL; HUMANS; PHYSICAL EXERTION; RISK FACTORS; SICKLE CELL TRAIT; SPORTS MEDICINE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84859239023     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090896     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Eichner ER. Sickle cell trait in sports. Curr Sports Med Rep 2010; 9:347-51.
2. Eichner ER. Sickle cell considerations in athletes. Clin Sports Med 2011; 30:537-49.
3. Mitchell BL. Sickle cell trait and sudden death-bringing it home. J Natl Med Assoc 2007; 99:300-5. (Pubitemid 46399389)
4. Scheinin L, Wetli CV. Sudden death and sickle cell trait: medicolegal considerations and implications. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2009; 30:204-8.
5. Ashley-Koch A, Yang Q, Olney R. Hemoglobin S Allele and Sickle Cell Disease Centers for Disease Control, 1998.
6. Jones SR, Binder RA, Donowho EM Jr. Sudden death in sickle-cell trait. N Engl J Med 1970; 282:323-5.
7. Kark JA, Posey DM, Schumacher HR, et al. Sickle-cell trait as a risk factor for sudden death in physical training. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:781-7. (Pubitemid 17133357)
8. Eckart RE, Scoville SL, Campbell CL, et al. Sudden death in young adults: a 25-year review of autopsies in military recruits. Ann Intern Med 2004; 141:829-34. (Pubitemid 39601175)
9. Scoville SL, Gardner JW, Magill AJ, et al. Nontraumatic deaths during U.S. Armed Forces basic training, 1977-2001. Am J Prev Med 2004; 26:205-12. (Pubitemid 38338669)
10. Harmon KG, Asif IM, Klossner D, et al. Incidence of sudden cardiac death in national collegiate athletic association athletes. Circulation 2011; 123:1594-600.
11. DeHass D. 1981-82-2007-2008 NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report. Indianapolis: National Collegiate Atheltic Association, 2009.
12. Zgonc E. 1999-2000 - 2008-2009 NCAA Student-Athlete Ethnicity Report. Indianapolis: National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2010.
13. Eichner ER. Sickle cell trait. J Sport Rehabil 2007; 16:197-203.
14. Thogmartin JR, Wilson CI, Palma NA, et al. Sickle cell trait-associated deaths: a case series with a review of the literature. J Forensic Sci 2011; 56:1352-60.
15. Makaryus JN, Catanzaro JN, Katona KC. Exertional rhabdomyolysis and renal failure in patients with sickle cell trait: is it time to change our approach? Hematology 2007; 12:349-52. (Pubitemid 47180664)
16. Anzalone ML, Green VS, Buja M, et al. Sickle cell trait and fatal rhabdomyolysis in football training: a case study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:3-7.
17. Bergeron MF, Cannon JG, Hall EL, et al. Erythrocyte sickling during exercise and thermal stress. Clin J Sport Med 2004; 14:354-6. (Pubitemid 39507724)
18. Loosemore M, Walsh SB, Morris E, et al. Sudden exertional death in sickle cell trait. Br J Sports Med Published Online First: 30 September 2011 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090521
19. Connes P. Hemorheology and exercise: effects of warm environments and potential consequences for sickle cell trait carriers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20 Suppl 3:48-52.
20. Connes P, Hue O, Tripette J, et al. Blood rheology abnormalities and vascular cell adhesion mechanisms in sickle cell trait carriers during exercise. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2008; 39:179-84. (Pubitemid 352039993)
21. Connes P, Sara F, Hardy-Dessources MD, et al. Effects of short supramaximal exercise on hemorheology in sickle cell trait carriers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 97:143-50. (Pubitemid 43949766)
22. Connes P, Tripette J, Chalabi T, et al. Effects of strenuous exercise on blood coagulation activity in sickle cell trait carriers. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2008; 38:13-21. (Pubitemid 350256697)
23. Monchanin G, Connes P, Wouassi D, et al. Hemorheology, sickle cell trait, and alpha-thalassemia in athletes: effects of exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37:1086-92. (Pubitemid 40981668)
24. Monchanin G, Serpero LD, Connes P, et al. Effects of progressive and maximal exercise on plasma levels of adhesion molecules in athletes with sickle cell trait with or without alpha-thalassemia. J Appl Physiol 2007; 102:169-73. (Pubitemid 46089763)
25. Tripette J, Connes P, Hedreville M, et al. Patterns of exercise-related inflammatory response in sickle cell trait carriers. Br J Sports Med 2010; 44:232-7.
26. Tripette J, Hardy-Dessources MD, Sara F, et al. Does repeated and heavy exercise impair blood rheology in carriers of sickle cell trait? Clin J Sport Med 2007; 17:465-70. (Pubitemid 350098635)
27. National Athletic Trainers Consensus Statement: Sickle Cell Trait and the Athlete. http://www.nata.org/NR062107 (accessed 16 Dec 2011).
28. Sickle Cell Trait and the Athelte. 2011-2012 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook.
29. Kark JA. Sickle Cell Trait. 2000.
30. Tripette J, Loko G, Samb A, et al. Effects of hydration and dehydration on blood rheology in sickle cell trait carriers during exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H908-14.