Television, Gender Norms, and Tanning Attitudes and Intentions of Young Men and Women

Communication Studies

Volumn 62, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 508-530

  Cho, Hyunyi ^a   Choi, Jounghwa ^b  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Hallym University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Gender Norms; Media; Tanning

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859076813     PISSN: 10510974     EISSN: 17451035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2011.577500     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Aries, E. J., & Johnson, F. L. (1983). Close friendship in adulthood: Conversational content between same-sex friends. Sex Roles, 9, 1183-1296.
2. Baumeister, R. F., & Sommer, K. L. (1997). What do men want: Gender differences and two spheres of belongingness: Comment on Cross and Madson (1997). Psychological Bulletin, 122, 38-44.
3. Brown, J. D., & Pardun, C. J. (2004). Little in common: Racial and gender differences in adolescents' media diets. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48, 266-278.
4. Chapman, S., Marks, R., & King, M. (1992). Trends in tans and skin protection in Australian fashion magazines, 1982 through 1991. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 1677-1680.
5. Chia, S. C. (2006). How peers mediate media influence on adolescents' sexual attitudes and sexual behavior. Journal of Communication, 56, 585-606.
6. Cohn, L. D., Adler, N. E., Irwin, C. E., Millstein, S. G., Kegeles, S. M., & Stone, G. (1987). Body-figure preferences in male and female adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 276-279.
7. Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 5-37.
8. Davis, K. J., Cokkinides, V. E., Weinstock, M., O'Connell, M. C., & Wingo, P. A. (2002). Summer sunburn and sun exposure among U.S. youths ages 11 to 18: National prevalence and associated factors. Pediatrics, 110, 27-35.
9. Demko, C. A., Borawski, E. A., Debanne, S. M., Cooper, K. D., & Stange, K. C. (2003). Use of indoor tanning facilities by white adolescents in the United States. Archives of Pediatric Dermatology, 157, 854-860.
10. Dixon, H., Dobbinson, S., Wakefield, M., Jamsen, K., & McLeod, K. (2008). Portrayal of tanning, clothing, fashion and shade use in Australian women's magazines, 1987-2005. Health Education Research, 23, 791-802.
11. Eckert, P. (1989). The whole women: Sex and gender differences in variation. Language Variations and Change, 1, 245-267.
12. Eisend, M., & Möller, J. (2007). The influence of TV viewing on consumers' body images and related consumption behavior. Marketing Letters, 18, 101-116.
13. Field, J. M., & Schuman, H. (1976). Public beliefs about the beliefs of the public. Public Opinion Quarterly, 40, 427-448.
14. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
15. Geller, A. C., Shamban, J., O'Riordan, D. L., Slygh, C., Kinney, J. P., & Rosenberg, S. (2005). Raising sun protection and early detection awareness among Florida high schoolers. Pediatric Dermatology, 22, 112-118.
16. Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2008). The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 460-476.
17. Gunther, A. C. (1998). The persuasive press inference: Effects of mass media on perceived public opinion. Communication Research, 25, 481-499.
18. Gunther, A. C., Bolt, D., Borzekowski, D. L. G., Liebhart, J. L., & Dillard, J. P. (2006). Presumed influence on peer norms: How mass media indirectly affect adolescent smoking. Journal of Communication, 56, 52-68.
19. Gunther, A. C., & Chia, S. C. (2001). Predicting pluralistic ignorance: The hostile media perception and its consequences. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 78, 688-701.
20. Gunther, A. C., & Christen, C. T. (1999). Effects of news slant and base rate information on perceived public opinion. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, 277-292.
21. Gunther, A. D., & Christen, C. T. (2002). Projection or persuasive press? Contrary effects of personal opinion and perceived news coverage on estimates of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 52, 177-195.
22. Gunther, A. C., & Storey, J. D. (2003). The Influence of presumed influence. Journal of Communication, 53, 199-215.
23. Hillhouse, J. J., Adler, C. M., Drinnon, J., & Turrisi, R. (1997). Application of Azjen's theory of planned behavior to predict sunbathing, tanning salon use, and sunscreen use intentions and behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20, 365-378.
24. Hillhouse, J. J., Turrisi, R., Stapleton, J., & Robinson, J. (2008). A randomized controlled trial of an appearance-based intervention to prevent skin cancer. Cancer, 113, 3257-3266.
25. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.
26. Jackson, K. M., & Aiken, L. S. (2000). A psychological model of sun protection and sunbathing in young women: The impact of health beliefs, attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy for sun protection. Health Psychology, 15, 469-478.
27. Jacobi, L., & Cash, T. F. (1994). In pursuit of the perfect appearance: Discrepancies among self-ideal percepts of multiple physical attributes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 379-396.
28. Marks, G., & Miller, N. (1987). Ten years of research on the false-consensus effect: An empirical and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 41, 72-90.
29. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
30. McDermott, L. J., Lowe, J. B., Stanton, W. R., & Clavarino, A. M. (2005). Suntans and sun protection in Australian teen media, 1999-2000. Health Education and Behavior, 32, 504-513.
31. Michell, L., & Amos, A. (1997). Girls, pecking order, and smoking. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 1861-1869.
32. Milkie, M. A. (1999). Social comparisons, reflected appraisals, and mass media: The impact of pervasive beauty images on black and white girls' self-concepts. Social Psychology Quarterly, 62, 190-210.
33. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. (2006). Mplus user's guide (version 4). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
34. O'Gorman, H. J., & Garry, S. L. (1976). Pluralistic ignorance: A replication and extension. Public Opinion Quarterly, 40, 449-458.
35. Park, S. (2005). The influence of presumed media influence on women's desire to be thin. Communication Research, 32, 594-614.
36. Plumridge, E. W., Fitzgerald, L. J., & Abel, G. M. (2002). Performing coolness: Smoking refusal and adolescent identities. Health Education Research, 17, 167-179.
37. Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The "false consensus effect": An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 279-301.
38. Stephenson, M. T., Hoyle, R., Palmgreen, P., & Slater, M. D. (2003). Brief measures of sensation seeking for screening and large-scale surveys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 72, 279-286.
39. Thomsen, S. R. (2002). Health and beauty magazine reading and body shape concerns among a group of college women. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 79, 988-1007.
40. Whitmore, S., Morison, W., Potten, C., & Chadwick, C. (2001). Tanning salon exposure and molecular alterations. Journal of American Academy of Dermatology, 44, 775-780.