The arrested Agulhas retroflection

Journal of Marine Research

Volumn 69, Issue 4-6, 2011, Pages 659-691

  Nof, Doron ^a   Zharkov, Volodymyr ^a   Ortiz, Joseph ^b   Paldor, Nathan ^c   Arruda, Wilton ^a,d   Chassignet, Eric ^a  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^d FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COAST; EDDY; OCEANIC CURRENT; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; THEORETICAL STUDY; VORTICITY; WESTERLY; WIND STRESS; WIND VELOCITY; WIND-DRIVEN CURRENT;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (SOUTH);

EID: 84858822708     PISSN: 00222402     EISSN: 15439542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1357/002224011799849453     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. 2. Science, 323, 1443-1448.
2. Arruda, W. Z., D. Nof and J. J. O'Brien. 2004. Does the Ulleung eddy owe its existence to β and nonlinearities? Deep-Sea Res., 51, 2073-2090.
3. Beal, L. M., W. P. M. De Ruijter, A. Biastoch, R. Zahn and SCOR/WCRP/IAPSOWorking Group 136. 2011. On the role of the Agulhas system in ocean circulation and climate. Nature, 472, 429-436.
4. Berger, W. H. and G. Wefer. 1996. Expeditions Into the Past: Paleoceanographic Studies in the South Atlantic, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 35-156.
5. Biastoch, A., C.W. Böning and J. R. E. Lutjeharms. 2008. Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation. Nature, 456, 489-492.
6. Biastoch, A., C. W. Böning, F. U. Schwarzkopf and J. R. E. Lutjeharms. 2009. Increase in Agulhas leakage due to poleward shift of Southern Hemisphere westerlies. Nature, 462, 495-499.
7. Bleck, R. and D. B. Boudra. 1986. Wind-driven spin-up in eddy-resolving ocean models formulated in isopycnic and isobaric coordinates. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 7611-7621.
8. Boudra, D. B. and E. R. Chassignet. 1988. Dynamics of Agulhas retroflection and ring formation in a numerical model. Part I: The vorticity balance. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 280-303.
9. Butzin, M., M. Prange and G. Lohmann. 2005. Radiocarbon simulations for the glacial ocean: The effects of wind stress, Southern Ocean sea ice and Heinrich events. Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 235, 45-61.
10. Byrne, A. D., A. L. Gordon and W. F. Haxby. 1995. Agulhas eddies: A synoptic view using Geosat ERM data. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 902-917.
11. Casal, T. G. D., L. M. Beal, R. Lumpkin andW. E. Johns. 2009. Structure and downstream evolution of the Agulhas Current system during a quasi-synoptic survey in February-March 2003. J. Geophys. Res., 114, C03001, doi: 10.1029/2008JC004954.
12. Chang, Y-L. and L.-Y. Oey. 2010. Why can wind delay the shedding of Loop Current eddies? J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 2481-2494.
13. Dencausse, D., M. Arhan and S. Speich. 2010a. Spatio-temporal characteristics of the Agulhas Current Retroflection. Deep-Sea Res., 57, 1392-1405.
14. Dencausse, D., M. Arhan and S. Speich 2010b. Routes of Agulhas rings in the southeastern Cape Basin. Deep-Sea Res., 57, 1406-1421.
15. De Ruijter, W. P. M., H. M. Van Aken, E. J. Beier, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, R. P. Matano and M. W. Schouten. 2004. Eddies and dipoles around South Madagascar: formation, pathways and largescale impact. Deep-Sea Res., 51, 383-400.
16. Dijkstra, H. A. and W. P. M. De Ruijter. 2001a. On the physics of the Agulhas Current: steady retroflection regimes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 2971-2985.
17. Dijkstra, H. A. and W. P. M. De Ruijter 2001b. Barotropic instabilities of the Agulhas Current system and their relation to ring formation. J. Mar. Res., 59, 517-533.
18. Doglioli, A.M., M. Veneziani, B. Blanke, S. Speich and A. Griffa. 2006. A Lagrangian analysis of the Indian-Atlantic interocean exchange in a regional model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L14611, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026498.
19. Esper, O., G. J. M. Versteegh, K. A. F. Zonneveld and H. Willems. 2004. Apalynological reconstruction of the Agulhas Retroflection (South Atlantic Ocean) during the Late Quaternary. Global Planet. Change, 41, 31-62.
20. Flores, J. A., R. Gersonde and F. J. Sierro. 1999. Pleistocene fluctuations in the Agulhas Current Retroflection based on the calcareous plankton record. Mar. Micropaleontol., 37, 1-22.
21. Franzese, A. M., S. R. Hemming, S. L. Goldstein and R. F. Anderson. 2006. Reduced Agulhas leakage during the Last Glacial Maximum inferred from an integrated provenance and flux study. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 250, 72-88.
22. Gordon, A. L., J. R. E. Lutjeharms and M. L. Gründlingh. 1987. Stratification and circulation at the Agulhas Retroflection. Deep-Sea Res., 34, 565-599.
23. Griffiths, R. W., P. D. Killworth and M. E. Stern. 1982. Ageostrophic instability of ocean currents. J. Fluid Mech., 117, 343-377.
24. Howard, W. R. andW. L. Prell. 1992. Late quaternary surface circulation of the southern Indian Ocean and its relationship to orbital variation. Paleoceanogr., 7, 79-117.
25. Kutsuvada, K., M. Kasahara and K. Aoki. 2004. Gridded surface wind-stress product over the world ocean constructed by satellite scatterometer data and its compassion with NWP products. Gayana, 68, 348-354.
26. Lutjeharms, J. R. E. 2006. The Agulhas Current, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-NY, 330 pp.
27. Morey, S. L., M. A. Bourassa, X. J. Davis, J. J. O'Brien and J. Zavala-Hidalgo. 2005. Remotely sensed winds for episodic forcing of ocean models. J. Geophys. Res., 110, doi:10.1029/2004JC002338.
28. Nan, F., Z. He, H. Zhou and D. Wang. 2011. Three long-lived anticyclonic eddies in the northern South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C05002, doi:10.1029/2010JC006790.
29. Nof, D. and T. Pichevin. 1996. The retroflection paradox. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2344-2358.
30. Nof, D. and T. Pichevin 2001. The ballooning of outflows. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 3045-3058.
31. Nof, D., Y. Jia, E. Chassignet and A. Bozec. 2011a. Fast wind-induced migration of Leddies in the South China Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 41, 1683-1693.
32. Nof, D., V. Zharkov, W. Arruda, T. Pichevin, S. Van Gorder and N. Paldor. 2011b. A note on "The steadiness of separating meandering currents" by Peter Jan Van Leeuwen andWill P. M. De Ruijter. J. Phys. Oceanogr., (submitted).
33. Orlanski, I. 1976. A simple boundary condition for unbounded hyperbolic flows. J. Comput. Phys., 21, 251-269.
34. Otto-Bliesner, B. L., E. C. Brady, G. Clauzet, R. Tomas, S. Levis and Z. Kothavala. 2006. Last glacial maximum and Holocene climate in CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2526-2544.
35. Peeters, F. J. C., R. Acheson, G.-J. A. Brummer, W. P.M. De Ruijter, R. R. Schneider, G.M. Ganssen, E. Ufkes and D. Kroon. 2004. Vigorous exchange between the Indian and Atlantic oceans at the end of the past five glacial periods. Nature, 430, 661-665.
36. Pether, J. 1994. Molluscan evidence for enhanced deglacial advection of Agulhaswater in the Benguela Current, off southwestern Africa. Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol., 111, 99-117.
37. Pichevin, L., M. Cremer, J. Giraudeau and P. Bertrand. 2005. A 190 ky record of lithologenic grainsize on the Namibian slope: Forging a tight link between past wind-strength and coastal upwelling dynamics. Mar. Geol., 218, 81-96.
38. Pichevin, T., S. Herbette and F. Floc'h. 2009. Eddy formation and shedding in a separating boundary current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 1921-1934.
39. Rau, A. J., J. Rogers, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, J. Giraudeau, J. A. Lee-Thorp, M.-T. Chen and C. Waelbroeck. 2002. A 450-kyr record of hydrological conditions on the western Agulhas Bank Slope, south of Africa. Mar. Geol., 180, 183-201.
40. Rouault, M., P. Penven, and B. Pohl. 2009. Warming in the Agulhas Current system since the 1980's. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12602, doi:10.1029/2009GL037987.
41. Schouten, M.W., W. P. M. De Ruijter, P. J. Van Leeuwen and J. R. E. Lutjeharms. 2000. Translation, decay and splitting of Agulhas rings in the south-eastern Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 21913-21925.
42. Shi, C. and D. Nof. 1994. The destruction of lenses and generation of wodons. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1120-1136.
43. Shi, X.B. and L.P. RØed. 1999. Frontal instabilities in a two-layer, primitive equation ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 948-968.
44. Shulmeister, J., I. Goodwin, J. Renwick, K. Harle, L. Armand, M. S. McGlone, E. Cook, J. Dodson, P. P. Hess, P. Mayeswski and M. Curran. 2004. The Southern Hemisphere westerlies in the Australasian sector over the last glacial cycle: a synthesis. Quatern. Intern., 118-119, 23-53.
45. Van Aken, H. M., A. K. Van Veldhoven, C. Veth, W. P. M. De Ruijter, P. J. Van Leeuwen, S. S. Drijfhout, C. P. Whittle and M. Rouault. 2003. Observations of a young Agulhas ring, Astrid, during MARE in March 2000. Deep-Sea Res., 50, 167-195.
46. Van Leeuwen, P. J. andW. P. M. De Ruijter. 2009. On the steadiness of separating meandering currents. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 437-448.
47. Van Sebille, E., A. Biastoch, P. J. Van Leeuwen andW. P. M. De Ruijter. 2009. A weaker Agulhas Current leads to more Agulhas leakage. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03601, doi:10.1029/2008GL036614.
48. Van Sebille, E., P. J. Van Leeuwen, A. Biastoch and W. P. M. De Ruijter. 2010. On the fast decay of Agulhas rings. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C0310, doi: 10.1029/2009JC005585.
49. Weijer, W., W. P. M. De Ruijter, H. A. Dijkstra and P. J. Van Leeuwen. 1999. Impact of interbasin exchange on the Atlantic Overturning Circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 2266-2284.
50. Weijer, W., W. P. M. De Ruijter, A. Sterl and S. S. Drijfhout. 2002. Response of the Atlantic overturning circulation to South Atlantic sources of buoyancy. Global Planet. Change, 34, 293-311.
51. Xiu, P., F. Chai, L. Shi, H. Xue and Y. Chao. 2010. A census of eddy activities in the South China Sea during 1993-2007. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C03012, doi: 10.1029/2009JC005657.
52. Zharkov, V. and D. Nof. 2008a. Retroflection from slanted coastlines-circumventing the "vorticity paradox". Ocean Sci., 4, 293-306.
53. Zharkov, V. and D. Nof 2008b. Agulhas ring injection into the South Atlantic during glacials and interglacials. Ocean Sci., 4, 223-237.
54. Zharkov, V., D. Nof and W. Weijer. 2010. Retroflection from a double-slanted coastline: a model for the Agulhas leakage variability. Ocean Sci., 6, 997-1011.