Ectopic Sphenoid Sinus Pituitary Adenoma (ESSPA) with Normal Anterior Pituitary Gland: A Clinicopathologic and Immunophenotypic Study of 32 Cases with a Comprehensive Review of the English Literature

Head and Neck Pathology

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 75-100

  Thompson, Lester D R ^a   Seethala, Raja R ^b   Müller, Susan ^c  

^a WOODLAND HILLS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Adenoma; Differential diagnosis; Ectopic pituitary adenoma; Imaging; Immunohistochemistry; Nasal cavity; Neuroectodermal tumor; Neuroendocrine tumor; Pituitary hormones; Pituitary neoplasm; Prognosis; Sphenoid sinus; Sphenoid sinus pathology; Survival

Indexed keywords

ADENOHYPOPHYSIS; ADENOMA; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA; CYTOLOGY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOPHYSIS TUMOR; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARANASAL SINUS TUMOR; PATHOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SPHENOID SINUS;

ADENOMA; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARANASAL SINUS NEOPLASMS; PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR; PITUITARY NEOPLASMS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SPHENOID SINUS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84858794832     PISSN: 1936055X     EISSN: 19360568     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-012-0336-9     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Luna MA, Cardesa A, Barnes L, et al. Benign epithelial tumours. In: Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D, editors. Pathology and genetics head and neck tumours. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005. p. 99-101.
2. Asa SL, Ezzat S. The pathogenesis of pituitary tumors. Annu Rev Pathol. 2009; 4: 97-126.
3. Asa SL. The pathology of pituitary tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1999; 28: 13-vi.
4. Langford L, Batsakis JG. Pituitary gland involvement of the sinonasal tract. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1995; 104: 167-9.
5. Hori A, Schmidt D, Rickels E. Pharyngeal pituitary: development, malformation, and tumorigenesis. Acta Neuropathol. 1999; 98: 262-72.
6. Hori A, Schmidt D, Kuebber S. Immunohistochemical survey of migration of human anterior pituitary cells in developmental, pathological, and clinical aspects: a review. Microsc Res Tech. 1999; 46: 59-68.
7. Rasmussen P, Lindholm J. Ectopic pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1979; 11: 69-74.
8. Wenig BM, Heffess CS, Adair CF, et al. Ectopic pituitary adenomas (EPA): a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Mod Pathol. 1995; 8: 56A.
9. Appel JG, Bergsneider M, Vinters H, Salamon N, Wang MB, Heaney AP. Acromegaly due to an ectopic pituitary adenoma in the clivus: case report and review of literature. Pituitary. 2011: PMID: 21960210.
10. Anand VK, Osborne CM, Harkey HL III. Infiltrative clival pituitary adenoma of ectopic origin. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993; 108: 178-83.
11. Bethge H, Arlt W, Zimmermann U, Klingelhoffer G, Wittenberg G, Saeger W, et al. Cushing's syndrome due to an ectopic ACTH-secreting pituitary tumour mimicking occult paraneoplastic ectopic ACTH production. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999; 51: 809-14.
12. Borit A, Blanshard TP. Sphenoidal pituitary adenoma. Hum Pathol. 1979; 10: 93-6.
13. Burch WM, Kramer RS, Kenan PD, Hammond CB. Cushing's disease caused by an ectopic pituitary adenoma within the sphenoid sinus. N Engl J Med. 1985; 312: 587-8.
14. Chan MR, Ziebert M, Maas DL, Chan PS. "My rings won't fit anymore". Ectopic growth hormone-secreting tumor. Am Fam Physician. 2005; 71: 1766-7.
15. Chessin H, Urdaneta N, Smith H, van Gilder J. Chromophobe adenoma manifesting as a nasopharyngeal mass. Arch Otolaryngol. 1976; 102: 631-3.
16. Coire CI, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Smyth HS, Ezzat S. Cushing's syndrome from an ectopic pituitary adenoma with peliosis: a histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study and review of the literature. Endocr Pathol. 1997; 8: 65-74.
17. Corenblum B, LeBlanc FE, Watanabe M. Acromegaly with an adenomatous pharyngeal pituitary. JAMA. 1980; 243: 1456-7.
18. Erdheim J. Uber einen hypophysintumor von Ungewohnlichen. Sitz Beitr Path Anat. 1909; 46: 233-40.
19. Gondim JA, Schops M, Ferreira E, Bulcao T, Mota JI, Silveira C. Acromegaly due to an ectopic pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid sinus. Acta Radiol. 2004; 45: 689-91.
20. Hattori N, Ishihara T, Saiwai S, Moridera K, Hino M, Ikekubo K, et al. Ectopic prolactinoma on MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1994; 18: 936-8.
21. Heitzmann A, Jan M, Lecomte P, Ruchoux MM, Lhuintre Y, Tillet Y. Ectopic prolactinoma within the sphenoid sinus. Neurosurgery. 1989; 24: 279-82.
22. Hori E, Akai T, Kurimoto M, Hirashima Y, Endo S. Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma confined to the sphenoid sinus associated with a normal-sized empty sella. J Clin Neurosci. 2002; 9: 196-9.
23. Horiuchi T, Tanaka Y, Kobayashi S, Unoki T, Yokoh A. Rapidly-growing ectopic pituitary adenoma within the sphenoid sinus-case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1997; 37: 399-402.
24. Kammer H, George R. Cushing's disease in a patient with an ectopic pituitary adenoma. JAMA. 1981; 246: 2722-4.
25. Kepes JJ, Fritzlen TJ. Large invasive chromophobe adenoma with well-preserved pituitary gland. Neurology. 1964; 14: 537-41.
26. Kikuchi K, Kowada M, Sasaki J, Sageshima M. Large pituitary adenoma of the sphenoid sinus and the nasopharynx: report of a case with ultrastructural evaluations. Surg Neurol. 1994; 42: 330-4.
27. Kurowska M, Tarach JS, Zgliczynski W, Malicka J, Zielinski G, Janczarek M. Acromegaly in a patient with normal pituitary gland and somatotropic adenoma located in the sphenoid sinus. Endokrynol Pol. 2008; 59: 348-51.
28. Lloyd RV, Chandler WF, Kovacs K, Ryan N. Ectopic pituitary adenomas with normal anterior pituitary glands. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986; 10: 546-52.
29. Luk IS, Chan JK, Chow SM, Leung S. Pituitary adenoma presenting as sinonasal tumor: pitfalls in diagnosis. Hum Pathol. 1996; 27: 605-9.
30. Madonna D, Kendler A, Soliman AM. Ectopic growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid sinus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2001; 110: 99-101.
31. Matsuno A, Katayama H, Okazaki R, Toriumi M, Tanaka H, Akashi M, et al. Ectopic pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid sinus causing acromegaly associated with empty sella. ANZ J Surg. 2001; 71: 495-8.
32. Matsushita H, Matsuya S, Endo Y, Hara M, Shishiba Y, Yamaguchi H, et al. A prolactin producing tumor originated in the sphenoid sinus. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1984; 34: 103-9.
33. Siegert B, vz Mühlen A, Brabant G, Saeger W, Vogt-Hohenlinde C. Ectopic nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid sinus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81: 430-1.
34. Slonim SM, Haykal HA, Cushing GW, Freidberg SR, Lee AK. MRI appearances of an ectopic pituitary adenoma: case report and review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 1993; 35: 546-8.
35. Suzuki J, Otsuka F, Ogura T, Kishida M, Takeda M, Tamiya T, et al. An aberrant ACTH-producing ectopic pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid sinus. Endocr J. 2004; 51: 97-103.
36. Tovi F, Hirsch M, Sacks M, Leiberman A. Ectopic pituitary adenoma of the sphenoid sinus: report of a case and review of the literature. Head Neck. 1990; 12: 264-8.
37. Trulea M, Patey M, Chaufour-Higel B, Bouquigny F, Longuebray A, Rousseaux P, et al. An unusual case of ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94: 384-5.
38. Wang H, Yu W, Zhang Z, Xu W, Zhang F, Bao W. Ectopic pituitary adenoma in the spheno-orbital region. J Neuroophthalmol. 2010; 30: 135-7.
39. Warner BA, Santen RJ, Page RB. Growth of hormone and prolactin secretion by a tumor of the pharyngeal pituitary. Ann Intern Med. 1982; 96: 65-6.
40. Yang BT, Chong VF, Wang ZC, Xian JF, Chen QH. Sphenoid sinus ectopic pituitary adenomas: CT and MRI findings. Br J Radiol. 2010; 83: 218-24.
41. Zerikly RK, Eray E, Faiman C, Prayson R, Lorenz RR, Weil RJ, et al. Cyclic cushing syndrome due to an ectopic pituitary adenoma. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 5: 174-9.
42. Arita K, Uozumi T, Yano T, Sumida M, Muttaqin Z, Hibino H, et al. MRI visualization of complete bilateral optic nerve involvement by pituitary adenoma: a case report. Neuroradiology. 1993; 35: 549-50.
43. Esteban F, Ruiz-Avila I, Vilchez R, Gamero C, Gomez M, Mochon A. Ectopic pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid causing Nelson's syndrome. J Laryngol Otol. 1997; 111: 565-7.
44. Ali R, Noma U, Jansen M, Smyth D. Ectopic pituitary adenoma presenting as midline nasopharyngeal mass. Ir J Med Sci. 2010; 179: 593-5.
45. Shenker Y, Lloyd RV, Weatherbee L, Port FK, Grekin RJ, Barkan AL. Ectopic prolactinoma in a patient with hyperparathyroidism and abnormal sellar radiography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986; 62: 1065-9.
46. Daly AF, Tichomirowa MA, Beckers A. The epidemiology and genetics of pituitary adenomas. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 23: 543-54.
47. Sanno N, Teramoto A, Osamura RY, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Lloyd RV et al. Pathology of pituitary tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2003; 14: 25-39, vi.
48. Clayton RN. Sporadic pituitary tumours: from epidemiology to use of databases. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999; 13: 451-60.
49. Ezzat S, Asa SL, Couldwell WT, Barr CE, Dodge WE, Vance ML, et al. The prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review. Cancer. 2004; 101: 613-9.
50. Oruckaptan HH, Senmevsim O, Ozcan OE, Ozgen T. Pituitary adenomas: results of 684 surgically treated patients and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 2000; 53: 211-9.
51. van der Mey AG, van Seters AP, van Krieken JH, Vielvoye J, van DH, Hulshof JH. Large pituitary adenomas with extension into the nasopharynx. Report of three cases with a review of the literature. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1989; 98: 618-624.
52. Kovacs K, Scheithauer BW, Horvath E, Lloyd RV. The World Health Organization classification of adenohypophysial neoplasms. A proposed five-tier scheme. Cancer. 1996; 78: 502-10.
53. El-Naggar AK, Batsakis JG, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Ordonez NG, Luna MA. Medullary (thyroid) carcinoma-like carcinoids of the larynx. J Laryngol Otol. 1991; 105: 683-6.
54. Yamashita M, Qian ZR, Sano T, Horvath E, Kovacs K. Immunohistochemical study on so-called follicular cells and folliculostellate cells in the human adenohypophysis. Pathol Int. 2005; 55: 244-7.
55. Thompson LDR. Olfactory neuroblastoma. Ear Nose Throat J. 2006; 85: 569-70.
56. Thompson LDR. Olfactory neuroblastoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2009; 3: 252-9.
57. Cohen ZR, Marmor E, Fuller GN, DeMonte F. Misdiagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma. Neurosurg Focus. 2002; 12: e3.
58. Devaney K, Wenig BM, Abbondanzo SL. Olfactory neuroblastoma and other round cell lesions of the sinonasal region. Mod Pathol. 1996; 9: 658-63.
59. Wick MR, Nappi O. Ectopic neural and neuroendocrine neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2003; 20: 305-23.
60. Pellitteri PK, Rinaldo A, Myssiorek D, Gary JC, Bradley PJ, Devaney KO, et al. Paragangliomas of the head and neck. Oral Oncol. 2004; 40: 563-75.
61. Myssiorek D, Halaas Y, Silver C. Laryngeal and sinonasal paragangliomas. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2001; 34: 971-982, vii.
62. Iwase K, Nagasaka A, Nagatsu I, Kiuchi K, Nagatsu T, Funahashi H, et al. Tyrosine hydroxylase indicates cell differentiation of catecholamine biosynthesis in neuroendocrine tumors. J Endocrinol Invest. 1994; 17: 235-9.
63. Menon S, Pai P, Sengar M, Aggarwal JP, Kane SV. Sinonasal malignancies with neuroendocrine differentiation: case series and review of literature. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2010; 53: 28-34.
64. Cordes B, Williams MD, Tirado Y, Bell D, Rosenthal DI, Al-Dhahri SF, et al. Molecular and phenotypic analysis of poorly differentiated sinonasal neoplasms: an integrated approach for early diagnosis and classification. Hum Pathol. 2009; 40: 283-92.
65. Schmidt ER, Berry RL. Diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008; 66: 1505-10.
66. Ejaz A, Wenig BM. Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: clinical and pathologic features and a discussion on classification, cellular differentiation, and differential diagnosis. Adv Anat Pathol. 2005; 12: 134-43.
67. Thompson LDR, Wieneke JA, Miettinen M. Sinonasal tract and nasopharyngeal melanomas: a clinicopathologic study of 115 cases with a proposed staging system. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003; 27: 594-611.
68. Rushing EJ, Bouffard JP, McCall S, Olsen C, Mena H, Sandberg GD, et al. Primary extracranial meningiomas: an analysis of 146 cases. Head Neck Pathol. 2009; 3: 116-30.
69. Thompson LDR, Gyure KA. Extracranial sinonasal tract meningiomas: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases with a review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000; 24: 640-50.
70. Thompson LDR. Update on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2007; 1: 81-6.