Magic bullets and moving targets: Antibiotic resistance and experimental chemotherapy, 1900-1940

Dynamis

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 305-321

  Gradmann, Christoph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Antibiotic resistance; Atoxyl; Drug receptors; Paul ehrlich; Trypanosomiasis

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; DRUG THERAPY; HISTORY; MEDICAL RESEARCH;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; DRUG THERAPY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY;

EID: 84858787600     PISSN: 02119536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4321/S0211-95362011000200003     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Bud, Robert. Penicillin: triumph and tragedy. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007.
2. Lesch, John E. The first miracle drugs: how the sulfa drugs transformed medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007.
3. Summers, William C. Microbial drug resistance: a historical perspective. In: Wax, Richard G.; Lewis, Kim; Salyers, Abigail A.; Taber, Harry, eds. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008, p. 1-9.
4. Straand, Jorund; Gradmann, Christoph; Lindbaek, Morton; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov. Antibiotic development and resistance. In: Heggenhougen, Kris; Quah, Stella, eds. International encyclopaedia of public health. San Diego: Academic Press; 2008, p. 200-211.
5. Brock, Thomas D. The emergence of bacterial genetics. Cold Spring Harbour: Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press; 1990.
6. Creager, Angela N. H. Adaption or selection? Old issues and new stakes in the postwar debates over bacterial drug resistance. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 2007; 38: 159-190.
7. Schlossberger, Hans. Chemotherapie der Infektionskrankheiten. In: Kolle, Wilhelm; Kraus, Rudolf; Uhlenhuth, Paul, eds. Handbuch der pathogenen Mikroorganismen. Jena-Berlin-Wien: Gustav Fischer-Urban und Schwarzenberg; 1930, p. 551-730.
8. Fischl, Viktor; Fischl, Lili. Arzneifestigkeit, Aviditat, Interferenz. Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung und experimentelle Therapie. 1934; 83: 324-335.
9. Browning, C. H.; Gulbransen, R. The treatment of relapses in experimental trypanosome infections: cures after repeated relapses without increasing the dose of the chemotherapeutic agent. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology. 1928; 31 (1): 134-136.
10. Moberg, Carol L. Launching the antibiotic era. Personal accounts of the discovery and use of the first antibiotics. New York: The Rockefeller University Press; 1990, p. 563.
11. Eagle, Harry; Magnuson, Harold J. The spontaneous development of arsenic-resistance in Trypanosoma equiperdum, and its mechanism. Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1944; 82 (2): 137-151.
12. Thomas, H. Wolferstan. Some experiments in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. British Medical Journal. 1905; 2317: 1140-1143.
13. Dale, Henry H. Chemotherapy. Physiological Reviews. 1925; 3 (3): 359-393, here p. 373.
14. Riethmiller, Steven. Ehrlich, Bertheim, and Atoxyl. Bulletin of the History of Chemistry. 1999; 23: 28-33.
15. Lyons, Maryinez. African Trypanosomiasis. In: Kiple, Kenneth F., ed. The Cambridge world history of human disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1993, p. 552-561.
16. Boyd, John. Sleeping sickness: the Castellani-Bruce controversy. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 1973; 28: 93-110.
17. Pearce, Louise; Brown, Wade H. Experimental trypanosomiasis: its application in chemotherapeutic investigations. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1918; 28: 109-147.
18. Scheube, B. Die Krankheiten der warmen Lander. Ein Handbuch fur Arzte. 3 ed. Jena: Gustav Fischer; 1910 (1896). A curative effect was possible for very early stages that were hard to diagnose, however.
19. Eckart, Wolfgang U. Medizin und Kolonialimperialismus in Deutschland 1884-1945. Paderborn: Schoningh; 1997, p. 505-13.
20. Tropenabteilung, Bayer Leverkusen. Die Chemotherapie der Schlafkrankheit. Leverkusen: Bayer; 1938.
21. Lyons, Maryinez. The colonial disease: a social history of sleeping sickness in northern Zaire, 1900-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1992.
22. Gradmann, Christoph. Laboratory disease: Robert Koch's medical bacteriology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Universiy Press; 2009: 213-225.
23. Ehrlich, Paul. Das Sauerstoffbedurfnis des Organismus. Eine farbenanalytische Studie. Diss. Med. Medical Faculty, Friederich-Wilhelms- Universitat zu Berlin; 1885.
24. Prull, Cay-Rudiger; Maehle, Andreas-Holger; Halliwell, Robert Francis. A short history of the drug receptor concept. Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave; 2009, p. 16- 40.
25. Silverstein, Arthur. Paul Ehrlichs receptor immunology: the magnificent obsession. San Diego: Academic Press; 2003.
26. Ehrlich, Paul. Gesammelte Arbeiten. Zusammengestellt und herausgegeben von F. Himmelweit. 3 vols. Berlin-Gottingen- Heidelberg: Springer; 1956-1957.
27. Ehrlich, Paul. Address delivered at the Dedication of the Georg-Speyer-Haus. In: Himmelweit, Fred, ed.The collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. London: Pergamon Press; 1960 (1906), p. 53-63 (59).
28. Ehrlich, Paul; Shiga, Kiyoshi. Farbentherapeutische Versuche bei Trypanosomenerkrankung. In: Himmelweit, Fred, ed. The collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. London: Pergamon Press; 1960 (1904), p. 24-37 (24).
29. Koch, Robert. SchluGbericht uber die Tatigkeit der deutschen Expedition zur Erforschung der Schlafkrankheit. In: Schwaibe, Julius, ed. Gesammelte Werke von Robert Koch. Leipzig: Verlag von Georg Thieme; 1912 (1907), p. 534-546 (542). Gradmann, n. 15, p. 221.
30. Ehrlich, Paul. Chemotherapeutische Trypanosomenstudien. Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift. 1907; 44: 233-236; 280-283; 310-314; 341-344; 349-50.
31. Sauerteig, lutz. Ethische Richtlinien, Patientenrechte und arztliches Verhalten bei der Arzneimittelerprobung 1892-1931. Medizinhistorisches Journal. 2000; 35: 303-334.
32. Ehrlich, Paul. Uber Partialfunktionen der Zelle. In: Himmelweit, Fred, ed.The collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. London: Pergamon Press; 1960 (1909), p. 171-182;.
33. Ehrlich, Paul;Gonder, Richard. Experimented Chemotherapie. In: Himmelweit, Fred, ed. The collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. London: Pergamon Press; 1960 (1914), p. 559-582.
34. Marks, Lewis H. Uber einen arsenfesten Bakterienstamm. Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsfoschung. 1910; 6: 293-298.
35. Morgenroth, J.; Rosenthal, F. Experimentell-therapeutische Studien bei Trypanosomeninfektionen. III. Mitteilung. Arzneifestigkeit der Trypanosomen gegenuber Verbindungen der Hydrocupre- inreihe. Zeitschrift fur Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten. 1912; 71: 501-535.
36. Ehrlich, Paul. Uber die neuesten Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiet der Trypansosomenforschung. In: Himmelweit, Fred, ed. The collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. London: Pergamon Press; 1960 (1909), p. 195-212 (195).
37. Prull, Cay-Rudiger. Part of a scientific master plan? - Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) and the origins of his receptor concept. Medical History. 2003; 47: 331-354.
38. Prull; Maehle; Halliwell, n. 17, p. 16-40.
39. Ehrlich, Paul. Uber Partialfunktionen der Zelle. In: Himmelweit, Fred, ed.The collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. London; Pergamon Press; 1960 (1909), p. 171-182 (178-179).
40. Levaditi, Constantin;Twort, C. Su la trypanotoxine du bacillus subtilis. La toxo-resistance. Comptes rendus Soc. Biol. 1911; 70 (18): 799.
41. Ehrlich, Paul. Uber die neuesten Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiet der Trypansosomenforschung. In: Himmelweit, n. 35, 195-212 (209).
42. Levaditi, Twort, n. 41, reported in Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung. 1911:419, 471.
43. Pring- sheim, E. Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung. 1912, 287-288.
44. Yorke, Warrington; Murgatroyd, Frederick; Hawking, Frank. Studies in chemotherapy: V. Preliminary contribution on the nature of drug resistance. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. 1931; 25: 351-358.
45. Power, Helen J. Tropical medicine in the twentieth century: a history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1990. London and New York: Keagan Paul International; 1999: 90-93.
46. Borman, Earle K. Comparative studies on the natural and acquired resistance of certain strains of Escherichia Coli to the bacteriostatic and germicidal effects of cations. Journal of Bacte-riology. 1932; 23: 315-329.
47. Lyndhurst Duke, Herbert. The trypanosomes of man: their resistance to arsenical drugs. The Lancet. 1933: 553-557.
48. Lyndhurst Duke, Herbert. Arsenic resistance in trypanosmomes, Letter to the editor. The Lancet. 1935: 903-904.
49. Galdston, lago. Some notes on the early history of chemotherapy. Bulletin for the History of Medicine. 1940; 8: 806-818 (817).