To defy or not to defy: An experimental study of the dynamics of disobedience and whistle-blowing

Social Influence

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 35-50

  Bocchiaro, Piero ^a   Zimbardo, Philip G ^b   van Lange, Paul A M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO   (Italy)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Defiance; Disobedience; Obedience; Unjust authority; Whistle blowing

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858728385     PISSN: 15534510     EISSN: 15534529     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2011.648421     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Alford, CF. 2001. Whistleblowers: Broken lives and organizational power, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
2. Alicke, MD. (1985). Global self-evaluation as determined by the desirability and controllability of trait adjectives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1621-1630, doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.49.6.1621
3. Alicke, MD, Dunning, DA and Krueger, JI. 2005. The self in social judgment, New York: Psychology Press.
4. Aronson, E and Carlsmith, JM. 1968. "Experimentation in social psychology". In The handbook of social psychology, 2nd, Edited by: Lindzey, G and Aronson, E. 1-79. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
5. Ashton, MC and Lee, K. 2007. Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11: 150-166. doi:10.1177/1088868306294907
6. Baumrind, D. 1964. Some thoughts on ethics of research: After reading Milgram's "Behavioral Study of Obedience". American Psychologist, 19: 421-423. doi:10.1037/h0040128
7. Blass, T. 1991. Understanding behavior in the Milgram obedience experiment: The role of personality, situations, and their interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60: 398-413. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.398
8. Blass, T. 1999. The Milgram paradigm after 35 years: Some things we now know about obedience to authority. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29: 955-978. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00134.x
9. Blass, T. 2004. The man who shocked the world: The life and legacy of Stanley Milgram, New York: Basic Books.
10. De Vries, RE, Ashton, MC and Lee, K. 2009. The six most important personality dimensions and the HEXACO Personality Inventory. Gedrag & Organisatie, 22: 232-274.
11. Everton, WJ. (1996). The effect of whistleblowing consequences and perceived similarity on peer perceptions of whistleblowers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
12. Hopwood, CJ and Donnellan, MB. 2010. How should the internal structure of personality inventories be evaluated?. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14: 332-346. doi:10.1177/1088868310361240
13. Kaufmann, H. 1967. The price of obedience and the price of knowledge. American Psychologist, 22: 321-322. doi:10.1037/h0037664
14. Kelman, HC and Hamilton, VL. 1989. Crimes of obedience: Toward a social psychology of authority and responsibility, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
15. Kimmel, AJ. 2007. Ethical issues in behavioral research: Basic and applied perspectives, 2nd, New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
16. Latané, B and Darley, JM. 1970. The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn't he help?, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
17. McClintock, CG and Allison, ST. 1989. Social value orientation and helping behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19: 353-362. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00060.x
18. Meeus, WHJ and Raaijmakers, QAW. 1986. Administrative obedience: Carrying out orders to use psychological-administrative violence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 16: 311-324. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420160402
19. Meeus, WHJ and Raaijmakers, QAW. 1995. Obedience in modern society: The Utrecht studies. Journal of Social Issues, 51: 155-175. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01339.x
20. Messick, DM and McClintock, CG. 1968. Motivational bases of choice in experimental games. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 4: 1-25. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(68)90046-2
21. Miceli, MP, Dozier, JB and Near, JP. 1991. Blowing the whistle on data-fudging: A controlled field experiment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21: 271-295. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00521.x
22. Miceli, MP and Near, JP. 1992. Blowing the whistle: The organizational and legal implications for companies and employees, New York: Lexington.
23. Miceli, MP, Near, JP and Dworkin, TM. 2008. Whistle-blowing in organizations, New York: Routledge.
24. Miethe, T. 1999. Whistleblowing at work: Tough choices in exposing fraud, waste, and abuse on the job, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
25. Milgram, S. 1963. Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67: 371-378. doi:10.1037/h0040525
26. Milgram, S. 1965. Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority. Human Relations, 18: 57-76. doi:10.1177/001872676501800105
27. Milgram, S. 1974. Obedience to authority: An experimental view, New York: Harper & Row.
28. Mixon, D. 1972. Instead of deception. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 2: 145-177. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1972.tb00309.x
29. Nisbett, RE and Wilson, TD. 1977. Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84: 231-259. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231
30. Ross, L, Greene, D and House, P. 1977. The "false consensus effect": An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13: 279-301. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-X
31. Ross, L and Nisbett, RE. 1991. The person and the situation: Perspectives of social psychology, New York: McGraw-Hill.
32. Sabini, JP and Silver, M. 1980. "Destroying the innocent with a clear conscience: A sociopsychology of the Holocaust". In Survivors, victims, and perpetrators: Essays on the Nazi Holocaust, Edited by: Dimsdale, JE. 329-358. New York: Hemisphere.
33. Van Doesum, NJ. (2011). A hero to my friends: Resisting transgressions of obedience. Unpublished manuscript, VU University Amsterdam
34. Van Lange, PAM, Otten, W, De Bruin, ENM and Joireman, JA. 1997. Development of prosocial, individualistic, and competitive orientations: Theory and preliminary evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73: 733-746. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.733
35. Van Lange, PAM and Semin-Goossens, A. 1998. The boundaries of reciprocal cooperation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28: 847-854. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199809/10)28:5<847::AID-EJSP886>3.0.CO;2-L
36. Zimbardo, PG. 2007. The Lucifer effect: Understanding how good people turn evil, New York: Random House.