Multilateral leadership at the UN after the lisbon treaty

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 475-493

  Laatikainen, Katie Verlin ^a  

^a ADELPHI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858682377     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2010035     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. See A. Degrand-Guillaud, 'Characteristics of and Recommendations for EU Coordination at the UN', European Foreign Affairs Review 14, no. 4 (2009): 607-622.
2. K.E. Smith, 'Speaking with One Voice? European Union Co-ordination on Human Rights Issues at the United Nations', Journal of Common Market Studies 44, no. 1 (2006): 113-137
3. R. Gowan & F. Brantner, 'A Global Force for Human Rights? An Audit of the European Power at the UN', Policy Paper (London: European Council on Foreign Relations, 2008).
4. 'European Union at the United Nations - Present and Future', Seminar hosted by the Permanent Mission of the Czech Republic in Cooperation with Adelphi University, Bohemian National Hall (New York, 12 May 2009).
5. See, for instance, S. Biscop (ed.), 'The Value of Power, the Power of Values: A Call for an EU Grand Strategy', Egmont Paper 33 (Brussels: Egmont-Royal Institute for International Relations, 2009).
6. The European Council for Foreign Relations also has included specific calls for a more coherent strategy in EU foreign policy in a number of domains, including the UN and in transAtlantic relations. See the various power audits published by European Council for Foreign Relations (ECFR) at .
7. A strategic perspective is also central to the work of the EU Reflection Group - under the chairmanship of former Spanish Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez - to anticipate and respond to a changing world. See .
8. R. Whitman, 'Foreign, Security and Defence Policy and the Lisbon Treaty: Significant or Cosmetic Reforms?', European Union Studies Association Review 21, no. 3 (2008): 2.
9. Article 46(a) Treaty of Lisbon, 13 Dec. 2007.
10. Article 9(c)6 Treaty of Lisbon, 13 Dec. 2007.
11. Article 9(e) Treaty of Lisbon, 13 Dec. 2007.
12. Article 13(a) Treaty of Lisbon, 13 Dec. 2007.
13. See Ph. de Schoutheete & S. Andoura, 'The Legal Personality of the European Union', Egmont Working Papers 9, no. 1 (2007)
14. N. Neuwahl, 'A Partner with a Troubled Personality: EU Treaty-Making in Matters of CFSP and JHA after Amsterdam', European Foreign Affairs Review 3, no. 2 (1998): 177-195
15. R. Grahn, 'The Treaty of Lisbon - Legal Personality', , February 2008.
16. European Council, 'EU-UN Co-operation in Military Crisis Management Operations: Elements of Implementation of the EU-UN Joint Declaration' (Brussels, 17-18 Jun. 2004)
17. the Joint EU-UN Communiqué, 'Strengthening Administrative Cooperation between EU Commission and United Nations' (Brussels, 3 Oct. 2006).
18. In fact, strategic partnership agreements have been signed with the UNDP, WHO, ILO, and FAO (2004) and UNHCR and WFP (2005). For a full overview, see 'The Partnership between the UN and the EU: The United Nations and the European Commission Working Together in Development and Humanitarian Cooperation' (Brussels: United Nations Office in Brussels, 2006).
19. See F. Hoffmeister, 'Outsider or Frontrunner? Recent Developments under International and European Law on the Status of the European Union in International Organizations and Treaty Bodies', Common Market Law Review 44, no. 1 (2007): 41-68
20. S. Gstöl, 'Patchwork Power Europe? EU's Representation in International Institutions', Paper presented at the GARNET Conference on The European Union in International Affairs (Brussels: Egmont Palace, 24-26 Apr. 2008).
21. For a comprehensive review, see F. Hoffmeister & P.-J. Kuijper, 'The Status of the EU at the United Nations: Institutional Ambiguities and Political Realities', in The UN and the EU: An Ever Stronger Partnership, eds J. Wouters, F. Hoffmeister & T. Ruys (The Hague: Asser Press, 2006).
22. L. Philips, 'EU Reaches Out for New Powers at the United Nations', EU Observer, 15 Jul. 2010, .
23. European Council, 'Presidency Report to the European Council on the European External Action Service, 14930/09' (Brussels, 23 Oct. 2009).
24. S. Weiss, 'External Action Service: Much Ado about Nothing', Spotlight Europe 5 (2010): 1-8. .
25. See A. Rettman, 'EU Ponders Creation of a New Diplomatic Breed', EU Observer, 4 Jun. 2010, .
26. This is true whether the scholars think that hegemony is necessary or not in supplying leadership. On the former, see C. Kindleberger, The International Economic Order (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988)
27. on the latter view, see R.H. Keohane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the Global Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984).
28. Knud Erik Jørgensen has raised the interesting question about the intersection of the EU and the UN: does the EU want to be a 'leader in' or a 'partner to' the UN? See K.E. Jørgensen, 'Intersecting Multilateralisms: The European Union and Multilateral Institutions', in The European Union at the United Nations: Intersecting Multilateralisms, eds K. Laatikainen & K.E. Smith (Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2006), 195-211.
29. O.R. Young, 'Political Leadership and Regime Formation: On the Development of Institutions in International Society', International Organization 45, no. 3 (1991): 281-308.
30. One important caveat in using Young's typology is that his analysis of leadership assumes unanimity decision processes that are quite distinct from majoritarian decision processes. For the definitive discussion of these different processes, see I. Claude, Swords into Plowshares: The Progress and Problems of International Organization, 4th edn (New York: Random House, 1984).
31. Accessed at , 2007.
32. S. Biscop & E. Drieskens, 'Effective Multilateralism and Collective Security: Empowering the UN', in eds Laatikainen & Smith, n. 24 above, 115-132.
33. I. Manners, 'Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?', Journal of Common Market Studies 40, no. 2 (2002): 235-258.
34. J. Richardson, 'The European Union in the World: A Community of Values', Fordham International Law Journal 26, no. 1 (2002): 12-35.
35. R.E. Kissack, 'Outreach, Overstretch or Underhand? Strategies for Cross-Regional Consensus in Support of a UN General Assembly Resolution on a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty', LSE Foreign Policy Unit Working Paper 2 (2008).
36. On these deepening divides between the EU and others on human rights issues, see R. Gowan & F. Brantner, 'The EU and Human Rights at the UN - 2009 Review', European Council on Foreign Relations Paper 15 (2009).