Allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Indications, Techniques, and outcomes

Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 196-207

  Vyas, Dharmesh ^a   Rabuck, Stephen J ^a   Harner, Christopher D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

ACL; Grafts; Medial portal technique; Surgery

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858629108     PISSN: 01906011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2012.4083     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Allen CR, Giffin JR, Harner CD. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Orthop Clin North Am. 2003;34:79-98. (Pubitemid 36397082)
2. Bach BR, Jr., Aadalen KJ, Dennis MG, et al. Primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using fresh-frozen, nonirradiated patellar tendon allograft: Minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:284-292.
3. Bach BR, Jr., Jones GT, Sweet FA, Hager CA. Arthroscopy-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon substitution. Two- to four-year follow-up results. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22:758-767. (Pubitemid 24355752)
4. Baer GS, Harner CD. Clinical outcomes of allograft versus autograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Sports Med. 2007;26:661-681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2007.06.010 (Pubitemid 47503512)
5. Barber FA, Aziz-Jacobo J, Oro FB. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon allograft: An age-dependent outcome evaluation. Arthroscopy. 2010;26:488-493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro. 2009.08.022
6. Barber-Westin SD, Noyes FR. Factors used to determine return to unrestricted sports activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2011;27:1697-1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2011.09.009
7. Barbour SA, King W. The safe and effective use of allograft tissue-an update. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:791-797. (Pubitemid 37174148)
8. Beynnon BD, Johnson RJ, Fleming BC, et al. The effect of functional knee bracing on the anterior cruciate ligament in the weightbearing and nonweightbearing knee. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:353-359. (Pubitemid 27231275)
9. Bottoni CR, Liddell TR, Trainor TJ, Freccero DM, Lindell KK. Postoperative range of motion following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autograft hamstrings: A prospective, randomized clinical trial of early versus delayed reconstructions. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:656-662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507312164 (Pubitemid 351433302)
10. Carey JL, Dunn WR, Dahm DL, Zeger SL, Spindler KP. A systematic review of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autograft compared with allograft. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91:2242-2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/ JBJS.I.00610
11. Chmielewski TL. Asymmetrical lower extremity loading after ACL reconstruction: More than meets the eye. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011;41:374-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2011.0104
12. Corsetti JR, Jackson DW. Failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: The biologic basis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;325:42-49. (Pubitemid 26108430)
13. Curran AR, Adams DJ, Gill JL, Steiner ME, Scheller AD. The biomechanical effects of lowdose irradiation on bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:1131-1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546503260060 (Pubitemid 38970363)
14. Decarlo MS, Shelbourne KD, McCarroll JR, Rettig AC. Traditional versus accelerated rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction: A one-year followup. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1992;15:309-316.
15. Fideler BM, Vangsness CT, Jr., Lu B, Orlando C, Moore T. Gamma irradiation: Effects on biomechanical properties of human bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23:643-646.
16. Fideler BM, Vangsness CT, Jr., Moore T, Li Z, Rasheed S. Effects of gamma irradiation on the human immunodeficiency virus. A study in frozen human bone-patellar ligament-bone grafts obtained from infected cadavera. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76:1032-1035. (Pubitemid 24258421)
17. Gulotta LV, Rodeo SA. Biology of autograft and allograft healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Sports Med. 2007;26:509-524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2007.06.007 (Pubitemid 47503515)
18. Harner CD, Irrgang JJ, Paul J, Dearwater S, Fu FH. Loss of motion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:499-506.
19. Harner CD, Olson E, Irrgang JJ, Silverstein S, Fu FH, Silbey M. Allograft versus autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: 3- to 5-year outcome. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;324:134-144. (Pubitemid 26071759)
20. Hunter RE, Mastrangelo J, Freeman JR, Purnell ML, Jones RH. The impact of surgical timing on postoperative motion and stability following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 1996;12:667-674. (Pubitemid 26424972)
21. Jackson DW, Grood ES, Goldstein JD, et al. A comparison of patellar tendon autograft and allograft used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the goat model. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21:176-185. (Pubitemid 23096795)
22. Jackson DW, Windler GE, Simon TM. Intraarticular reaction associated with the use of freezedried, ethylene oxide-sterilized bone-patella tendon-bone allografts in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18:1-10; discussion 10-11.
23. Kartus J, Movin T, Karlsson J. Donor-site morbidity and anterior knee problems after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autografts. Arthroscopy. 2001;17:971-980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jars.2001.28979
24. Krych AJ, Jackson JD, Hoskin TL, Dahm DL. A meta-analysis of patellar tendon autograft versus patellar tendon allograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2008;24:292-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. arthro.2007.08.029 (Pubitemid 351625558)
25. Lee BI, Min KD, Choi HS, Kim JB, Kim ST. Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the tibial-remnant preserving technique using a hamstring graft. Arthroscopy. 2006;22:340.e1-340.e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.arthro.2005.11.010
26. Lewek M, Rudolph K, Axe M, Snyder-Mackler L. The effect of insufficient quadriceps strength on gait after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2002;17:56-63. (Pubitemid 34098777)
27. Maletius W, Messner K. Eighteen- to twentyfour- year follow-up after complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:711-717.
28. Marx RG, Jones EC, Angel M, Wickiewicz TL, Warren RF. Beliefs and attitudes of members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons regarding the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Arthroscopy. 2003;19:762-770. (Pubitemid 37108234)
29. Mascarenhas R, MacDonald PB. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A look at prosthetics- past, present and possible future. McGill J Med. 2008;11:29-37. (Pubitemid 351428239)
30. Mauro CS, Irrgang JJ, Williams BA, Harner CD. Loss of extension following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Analysis of incidence and etiology using IKDC criteria. Arthroscopy. 2008;24:146-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. arthro.2007.08.026 (Pubitemid 351163028)
31. McAllister DR, Joyce MJ, Mann BJ, Vangsness CT, Jr. Allograft update: The current status of tissue regulation, procurement, processing, and sterilization. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:2148-2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0363546507308936 (Pubitemid 350125812)
32. McDevitt ER, Taylor DC, Miller MD, et al. Functional bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:1887-1892. (Pubitemid 39551868)
33. Melegati G, Tornese D, Bandi M, Volpi P, Schonhuber H, Denti M. The role of the rehabilitation brace in restoring knee extension after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective controlled study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2003;11:322-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-003-0386-3 (Pubitemid 38251122)
34. Mikkelsen C, Cerulli G, Lorenzini M, Bergstrand G, Werner S. Can a post-operative brace in slight hyperextension prevent extension deficit after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A prospective randomised study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2003;11:318-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00167-003-0406-3 (Pubitemid 38251121)
35. Miller MD, Harner CD. The use of allograft. Techniques and results. Clin Sports Med. 1993;12:757-770.
36. Myer GD, Schmitt LC, Brent JL, et al. Utilization of modified NFL combine testing to identify functional deficits in athletes following ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011;41:377-387. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2519/jospt.2011.3547
37. Nin JR, Leyes M, Schweitzer D. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with fresh-frozen patellar tendon allografts: sixty cases with 2 years' minimum follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1996;4:137-142. (Pubitemid 126636753)
38. Olson EJ, Harner CD, Fu FH, Silbey MB. Clinical use of fresh, frozen soft tissue allografts. Orthopedics. 1992;15:1225-1232.
39. Pallis MP, Svoboda SJ, Cameron KL, Owens BD. Survival comparison of allograft and autograft ACL reconstruction at US military academy. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine Annual Meeting. San Diego, CA: 2011.
40. Prodromos C, Joyce B, Shi K. A meta-analysis of stability of autografts compared to allografts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15:851-856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00167-007-0328-6
41. Safran MR, Harner CD. Revision ACL surgery: Technique and results utilizing allografts. Instr Course Lect. 1995;44:407-415.
42. Safran MR, Harner CD. Technical considerations of revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;325:50-64. (Pubitemid 26108431)
43. Seroyer ST, Bach BR, Jr. Graft choices in ACL reconstruction. In: Bach BR, Jr., Provencher MT, eds. ACL Surgery: How to Get It Right the First Time and What to Do if It Fails. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated; 2010:71-77.
44. Shelbourne KD, Johnson GE. Outpatient surgical management of arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22:192-197. (Pubitemid 24099335)
45. Shelbourne KD, Patel DV. Timing of surgery in anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1995;3:148-156.
46. Sikka RS, Narvy SJ, Vangsness CT, Jr. Anterior cruciate ligament allograft surgery: underreporting of graft source, graft processing, and donor age. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:649-655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0363546510382222
47. Singhal MC, Gardiner JR, Johnson DL. Failure of primary anterior cruciate ligament surgery using anterior tibialis allograft. Arthroscopy. 2007;23:469-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2006.12.010 (Pubitemid 46660472)
48. Smith CK, Howell SM, Hull ML. Anterior laxity, slippage, and recovery of function in the first year after tibialis allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:78-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0363546510378652
49. Smith RA, Ingels J, Lochemes JJ, Dutkowsky JP, Pifer LL. Gamma irradiation of HIV-1. J Orthop Res. 2001;19:815-819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0736-0266(01)00018-3 (Pubitemid 32799067)
50. Snow M, Campbell G, Adlington J, Stanish WD. Two to five year results of primary ACL reconstruction using doubled tibialis anterior allograft. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18:1374-1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167- 009-0997-4
51. Spindler KP, Huston LJ, Wright RW, et al. The prognosis and predictors of sports function and activity at minimum 6 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A population cohort study. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:348-359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546510383481
52. Spindler KP, Wright RW. Clinical practice. Anterior cruciate ligament tear. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2135-2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp0804745
53. Sterett WI, Briggs KK, Farley T, Steadman JR. Effect of functional bracing on knee injury in skiers with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1581-1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546506289883 (Pubitemid 44385850)
54. Tashiro T, Kurosawa H, Kawakami A, Hikita A, Fukui N. Influence of medial hamstring tendon harvest on knee flexor strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A detailed evaluation with comparison of single- and double-tendon harvest. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:522-529. (Pubitemid 36875382)
55. Tomford WW. Transmission of disease through transplantation of musculoskeletal allografts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:1742-1754.
56. Van Eck CF, Schkrohowsky JG, Ramirez C, Working Z, Irrgang JJ, Fu FH. Failure rate and predictors of failure after anatomic ACL reconstruction with allograft. International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery & Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Congress. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 2011.
57. van Grinsven S, van Cingel RE, Holla CJ, van Loon CJ. Evidence-based rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18:1128-1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167- 009-1027-2
58. West RV, Harner CD. Graft selection in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2005;13:197-207.
59. Wright RW, Fetzer GB. Bracing after ACL reconstruction: A systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;455:162-168. http://dx.doi. org/10.1097/BLO.0b013e31802c9360 (Pubitemid 46213725)