Biology of Autograft and Allograft Healing in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Clinics in Sports Medicine

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 509-524

  Gulotta, Lawrence V ^a   Rodeo, Scott A ^a  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOGRAFT; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; AUTOGRAFT; BIOLOGY; CALCIFICATION; FRACTURE HEALING; HUMAN; REVIEW; WOUND HEALING;

ANIMALS; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; HUMANS; TENDONS; TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS; TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 34848860774     PISSN: 02785919     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2007.06.007     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Hamner D.L., Brown Jr. C.H., Steiner M.E., et al. Hamstring tendon grafts for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: biomechanical evaluation of the use of multiple strands and tensioning techniques. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81 4 (1999) 549-557
2. Cooper D.E., Deng X.H., Burstein A.L., et al. The strength of the central third patellar tendon graft. A biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med 21 6 (1993) 818-823 [discussion: 823-14]
3. Kurosaka M., Yoshiya S., and Andrish J.T. A biomechanical comparison of different surgical techniques of graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 15 3 (1987) 225-229
4. Papageorgiou C.D., Ma C.B., Abramowitch S.D., et al. A multidisciplinary study of the healing of an intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament graft in a goat model. Am J Sports Med 29 5 (2001) 620-626
5. Tomita F., Yasuda K., Mikami S., et al. Comparisons of intraosseous graft healing between the doubled flexor tendon graft and the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 17 5 (2001) 461-476
6. Niyibizi C., Sagarrigo Visconti C., Gibson G., et al. Identification and immunolocalization of type X collagen at the ligament-bone interface. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 222 2 (1996) 584-589
7. Sagarriga Visconti C., Kavalkovich K., Wu J., et al. Biochemical analysis of collagens at the ligament-bone interface reveals presence of cartilage-specific collagens. Arch Biochem Biophys 328 1 (1996) 135-142
8. Fujioka H., Thakur R., Wang G.J., et al. Comparison of surgically attached and non-attached repair of the rat Achilles tendon-bone interface. Cellular organization and type X collagen expression. Connect Tissue Res 37 3-4 (1998) 205-218
9. Goradia V.K., Rochat M.C., Grana W.A., et al. Tendon-to-bone healing of a semitendinosus tendon autograft used for ACL reconstruction in a sheep model. Am J Knee Surg 13 3 (2000) 143-151
10. Grana W.A., Egle D.M., Mahnken R., et al. An analysis of autograft fixation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med 22 3 (1994) 344-351
11. Rodeo S.A., Arnoczky S.P., Torzilli P.A., et al. Tendon-healing in a bone tunnel. A biomechanical and histological study in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75 12 (1993) 1795-1803
12. Kanazawa T., Soejima T., Murakami H., et al. An immunohistological study of the integration at the bone-tendon interface after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Br 88 5 (2006) 682-687
13. Sandberg M.M., Aro H.T., and Vuorio E.I. Gene expression during bone repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 289 (1993) 292-312
14. Yamazaki S., Yasuda K., Tomita F., et al. The effect of intraosseous graft length on tendon-bone healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using flexor tendon. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14 11 (2006) 1086-1093
15. Greis P.E., Burks R.T., Bachus K., et al. The influence of tendon length and fit on the strength of a tendon-bone tunnel complex. A biomechanical and histologic study in the dog. Am J Sports Med 29 4 (2001) 493-497
16. Singhatat W., Lawhorn K.W., Howell S.M., et al. How four weeks of implantation affect the strength and stiffness of a tendon graft in a bone tunnel: a study of two fixation devices in an extraarticular model in ovine. Am J Sports Med 30 4 (2002) 506-513
17. Kawamura S., Ying L., Kim H.J., et al. Macrophages accumulate in the early phase of tendon-bone healing. J Orthop Res 23 6 (2005) 1425-1432
18. Hays P, Kawamura S, Deng X, et-al. The role of macrophages in early healing of a tendon graft in a bone tunnel: an experimental study in a rat anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Chicago IL, March 22-26, 2006.
19. Krivic A., Anic T., Seiwerth S., et al. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. J Orthop Res 24 5 (2006) 982-989
20. Cohen D.B., Kawamura S., Ehteshami J.R., et al. Indomethacin and celecoxib impair rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing. Am J Sports Med 34 3 (2006) 362-369
21. O'Keefe R.J., Tiyapatanaputi P., Xie C., et al. COX-2 has a critical role during incorporation of structural bone allografts. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1068 (2006) 532-542
22. Anderson K., Seneviratne A.M., Izawa K., et al. Augmentation of tendon healing in an intraarticular bone tunnel with use of a bone growth factor. Am J Sports Med 29 6 (2001) 689-698
23. Rodeo S.A., Suzuki K., Deng X.H., et al. Use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 to enhance tendon healing in a bone tunnel. Am J Sports Med 27 4 (1999) 476-488
24. Ma C., Kawamura S., Deng X., et al. Bone morphogenetic protein-signaling plays a role in tendon-to-bone healing: a study of rhBMP-2 and noggin. Am J Sports Med 35 4 (2002) 597-604
25. Martinek V., Latterman C., Usas A., et al. Enhancement of tendon-bone integration of anterior cruciate ligament grafts with bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene transfer: a histological and biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84-A 7 (2002) 1123-1131
26. Mihelic R., Pecina M., Jelic M., et al. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (osteogenic protein-1) promotes tendon graft integration in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in sheep. Am J Sports Med 32 7 (2004) 1619-1625
27. Tien Y.C., Chih T.T., Lin J.H., et al. Augmentation of tendon-bone healing by the use of calcium-phosphate cement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 86 7 (2004) 1072-1076
28. Mutsuzaki H., Sakane M., Nakajima H., et al. Calcium-phosphate-hybridized tendon directly promotes regeneration of tendon-bone insertion. J Biomed Mater Res A 70 2 (2004) 319-327
29. Dynybil C., Kawamura S., Kim H.J., et al. [The effect of osteoprotegerin on tendon-bone healing after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: a histomorphological and radiographical study in the rabbit]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 144 2 (2006) 179-186
30. Hantes M.E., Mastrokalos D.S., Yu J., et al. The effect of early motion on tibial tunnel widening after anterior cruciate ligament replacement using hamstring tendon grafts. Arthroscopy 20 6 (2004) 572-580
31. Rodeo S.A., Kawamura S., Kim H.J., et al. Tendon healing in a bone tunnel differs at the tunnel entrance versus the tunnel exit: an effect of graft-tunnel motion?. Am J Sports Med 34 11 (2006) 1790-1800
32. Ouyang H.W., Goh J.C., and Lee E.H. Use of bone marrow stromal cells for tendon graft-to-bone healing: histological and immunohistochemical studies in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med 32 2 (2004) 321-327
33. Lim J.K., Hui J., Li L., et al. Enhancement of tendon graft osteointegration using mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 20 9 (2004) 899-910
34. Yamazaki S., Yasuda K., Tomita F., et al. The effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on intraosseous healing of flexor tendon autograft replacement of anterior cruciate ligament in dogs. Arthroscopy 21 9 (2005) 1034-1041
35. Hildebrand K.A., Woo S.L., Smith D.W., et al. The effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on healing of the rabbit medial collateral ligament. An in vivo study. Am J Sports Med 26 4 (1998) 549-554
36. Marui T., Niyibizi C., Georgescu H.I., et al. Effect of growth factors on matrix synthesis by ligament fibroblasts. J Orthop Res 15 1 (1997) 18-23
37. Nagumo A., Yasuda K., Numazaki H., et al. Effects of separate application of three growth factors (TGF-beta1, EGF, and PDGF-BB) on mechanical properties of the in situ frozen-thawed anterior cruciate ligament. Clin Biomech 20 3 (2005) 283-290
38. Uggen J.C., Dines J., Uggen C.W., et al. Tendon gene therapy modulates the local repair environment in the shoulder. J Am Osteopath Assoc 105 1 (2005) 20-21
39. Weiler A., Forster C., Hunt P., et al. The influence of locally applied platelet-derived growth factor-BB on free tendon graft remodeling after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 32 4 (2004) 881-891
40. Yoshikawa T., Tohyama H., Katsura T., et al. Effects of local administration of vascular endothelial growth factor on mechanical characteristics of the semitendinosus tendon graft after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in sheep. Am J Sports Med 34 12 (2006) 1918-1925
41. Demirag B., Sarisozen B., Durak K., et al. The effect of alpha-2 macroglobulin on the healing of ruptured anterior cruciate ligament in rabbits. Connect Tissue Res 45 1 (2004) 23-27
42. Berg E.E., Pollard M.E., and Kang Q. Interarticular bone tunnel healing. Arthroscopy 17 2 (2001) 189-195
43. Jackson D.W., Grood E.S., Goldstein J.D., et al. A comparison of patellar tendon autograft and allograft used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the goat model. Am J Sports Med 21 2 (1993) 176-185
44. Kleiner J.B., Amiel D., Roux R.D., et al. Origin of replacement cells for the anterior cruciate ligament autograft. J Orthop Res 4 4 (1986) 466-474
45. Arnoczky S.P. Biology of ACL reconstructions: what happens to the graft?. Instr Course Lect 45 (1996) 229-233
46. Arnoczky S.P., Tarvin G.B., and Marshall J.L. Anterior cruciate ligament replacement using patellar tendon. An evaluation of graft revascularization in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Am 64 2 (1982) 217-224
47. Panni A.S., Milano G., Lucania L., et al. Graft healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rabbits. Clin Orthop Relat Res 343 (1997) 203-212
48. Bach Jr. B.R., Aadalen K.J., Dennis M.G., et al. Primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using fresh-frozen, nonirradiated patellar tendon allograft: minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 33 2 (2005) 284-292
49. Barrett G., Stokes D., and White M. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients older than 40 years: allograft versus autograft patellar tendon. Am J Sports Med 33 10 (2005) 1505-1512
50. Arnoczky S.P., Warren R.F., and Ashlock M.A. Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament using a patellar tendon allograft. An experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68 3 (1986) 376-385
51. Jackson D.W., Corsetti J., and Simon T.M. Biologic incorporation of allograft anterior cruciate ligament replacements. Clin Orthop Relat Res 324 (1996) 126-133
52. Zhang C.L., Fan H.B., Xu H., et al. Histological comparison of fate of ligamentous insertion after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament: autograft vs allograft. Chin J Traumatol 9 2 (2006) 72-76
53. Harris N.L., Indelicato P.A., Bloomberg M.S., et al. Radiographic and histologic analysis of the tibial tunnel after allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in goats. Am J Sports Med 30 3 (2002) 368-373
54. Jackson D.W., and Simon T. Assessment of donor cell survival in fresh allografts (ligament, tendon, and meniscus) using DNA probe analysis in a goat model. Iowa Orthop J 13 (1993) 107-114
55. Min B.H., Han M.S., Woo J.I., et al. The origin of cells that repopulate patellar tendons used for reconstructing anterior cruciate ligaments in man. J Bone Joint Surg Br 85 5 (2003) 753-757
56. Jackson D.W., Simon T.M., Kurzweil P.R., et al. Survival of cells after intra-articular transplantation of fresh allografts of the patellar and anterior cruciate ligaments. DNA-probe analysis in a goat model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 74 1 (1992) 112-118
57. Nikolaou P.K., Seaber A.V., Glisson R.R., et al. Anterior cruciate ligament allograft transplantation. Long-term function, histology, revascularization, and operative technique. Am J Sports Med 14 5 (1986) 348-360
58. Jackson D.W., Grood E.S., Arnoczky S.P., et al. Freeze dried anterior cruciate ligament allografts. Preliminary studies in a goat model. Am J Sports Med 15 4 (1987) 295-303
59. Jackson D.W., Grood E.S., Cohn B.T., et al. The effects of in situ freezing on the anterior cruciate ligament. An experimental study in goats. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73 2 (1991) 201-213
60. Noyes F.R., Barber-Westin S.D., Butler D.L., et al. The role of allografts in repair and reconstruction of knee joint ligaments and menisci. Instr Course Lect 47 (1998) 379-396
61. Xiao Y., Parry D.A., Li H., et al. Expression of extracellular matrix macromolecules around demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts. J Periodontol 67 11 (1996) 1233-1244
62. Rodrigo J., Jackson D., Simon T., et al. The immune response to freeze-dried bone-tendon-bone ACL allografts in humans. Am J Knee Surg 6 (1993) 47-53