Broadband dielectric spectroscopic studies of molecular motions in a Nafion® membrane vs. annealing time and temperature

European Polymer Journal

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 789-802

  Hassan, Mohammad K ^a,b   Abukmail, Ahmed ^c   Mauritz, Kenneth A ^a  

^a University of Southern Mississippi   (United States)

^b Beni Suef University   (Egypt)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

Author keywords

Annealing; Broadband dielectric spectroscopy; Macromolecular dynamics; Nafion ; Proton conduction

Indexed keywords

ANNEALING TEMPERATURES; ANNEALING TIME; BROAD-BAND DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE HOPPING; CHARGE TRAP; FREQUENCY SPECTRA; HIGH TEMPERATURE; MACROMOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MACROMOLECULAR MOTION; MOLECULAR MOTIONS; PROTON CONDUCTION; PROTON HOPPING; PROTON MIGRATION; SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES; SULFONIC ACID GROUPS;

DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; MACROMOLECULES; PROTONS; SORPTION; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS;

ANNEALING;

EID: 84858444063     PISSN: 00143057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.01.015     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. R.B. Moore, and C.R. Martin Chemical and morphological properties of solution-cast perfluorosulfonate ionomers Macromolecules 21 1988 1334 1339 (Pubitemid 18621446)
2. G. Gebel, P. Aldebert, and M. Pineri Structure and related properties of solution-cast perfluorosulfonated ionomer films Macromolecules 20 1987 1425 1428
3. S.J. Osborn, K.A. Mauritz, and R.B. Moore Effect of thermal treatment on the solvent stability of dispersion-cast Nafion® Polym Preprints 49 2008 473 474
4. Z. Liang, W. Chen, J. Liu, S. Wang, Z. Zhou, and W. Li FT-IR study of the microstructure of Nafion® membrane J Membr Sci 233 2004 39 44 (Pubitemid 38452315)
5. J.E. Hensley, J.D. Way, S.F. Dec, and K.D. Abney The effects of thermal annealing on commercial Nafion® membranes J Membr Sci 298 2007 190 201 (Pubitemid 46810152)
6. F. Kremer, and A. Schönhals Broadband dielectric spectroscopy 2003 Springer Berlin
7. K.A. Mauritz, and I.D. Stefanithis Microstructural evolution of a silicon oxide phase in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer by an in situ sol-gel reaction. 2. Dielectric relaxation studies Macromolecules 23 1990 1380 1388 (Pubitemid 20659542)
8. K.A. Mauritz, and R.B. Moore State of understanding of Nafion Chem Rev 104 2004 4535 4586
9. S.J. Osborn, M.K. Hassan, G.M. Divoux, D.W. Rhoades, K.A. Mauritz, and R.B. Moore Glass transition temperature of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers Macromolecules 40 2007 3886 3890 (Pubitemid 46841952)
10. D.W. Rhoades, M.K. Hassan, S.J. Osborn, R.B. Moore, and K.A. Mauritz Broadband dielectric spectroscopic characterization of Nafion® chemical degradation J Power Sources 172 2007 72 77 (Pubitemid 47418491)
11. K.A. Page, J.K. Park, R.B. Moore, and V.G. Sakai Direct analysis of the ion-hopping process associated with the α-relaxation in perfluorosulfonate ionomers using quasielastic neutron scattering Macromolecules 42 2009 2729 2736
12. S. Havriliak, and S. Negami A complex plane analysis of α-dispersions in some polymer systems J Polym Sci Polym Sym 14 1966 99 117
13. S. Havriliak, and S. Negami A complex plane representation of dielectric and mechanical relaxation processes in some polymers Polymer 8 1967 161 210
14. S. Negami, R.J. Ruch, and R.R. Myers The dielectric behavior of poly(vinyl acetate) as a function of molecular weight J Colloid Interface Sci 90 1982 117 126
15. N.G. McCrum, B.E. Read, and G. Williams Anelastic and dielectric effects in polymeric solids 1991 Dover Publications New York
16. S.C. Yeo, and A. Eisenberg Physical properties and supermolecular structure of perfluorinated ion-containing (Nafion) polymers J Appl Polym Sci 21 1977 875 898
17. S.J. Paddison, D.W. Reagor, and T.A. Zawodzinski Jr. High frequency dielectric studies of hydrated Nafion® J Electroanal Chem 459 1998 91 97 (Pubitemid 128431892)
18. A. Nogales, T.A. Ezquerra, J.M. Garcy, and F.J. Balta-Calleja Structure-dynamics relationships of the α-relaxation in flexible copolyesters during crystallization as revealed by real-time methods J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 37 1999 37 49
19. T.A. Ezquerra, J. Majszczyk, F.J. Balta-Calleja, E. Lopez-Cabarcos, K.H. Gardner, and B.S. Hsiao Molecular dynamics of the α relaxation during crystallization of a glassy polymer: A real-time dielectric spectroscopy study Phys Rev B 50 1994 6023 6031
20. K.A. Mauritz Dielectric relaxation studies of ion motions in electrolyte-containing perfluorosulfonate ionomers. 4. Long-range ion transport Macromolecules 22 1989 4483 4488
21. K.A. Mauritz, and R.M. Fu Dielectric relaxation studies of ion motions in electrolyte-containing perfluorosulfonate ionomers. 1. Sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride systems Macromolecules 21 1988 1324 1333
22. Z.D. Deng, and K.A. Mauritz Dielectric relaxation studies of acid-containing short-side-chain perfluorosulfonate ionomer membranes Macromolecules 25 1992 2369 2380
23. K.A. Mauritz, and H. Yun Dielectric relaxation studies of ion motions in electrolyte-containing perfluorosulfonate ionomers. 3. Zinc sulfate and calcium chloride systems Macromolecules 22 1989 220 225
24. K.A. Mauritz, and H. Yun Dielectric relaxation studies of ion motions in electrolyte-containing perfluorosulfonate ionomers. 2. Sodium acetate, potassium chloride, and potassium iodide systems Macromolecules 21 1988 2738 2743
25. Z.D. Deng, and K.A. Mauritz Dielectric relaxation studies of water-containing short side chain perfluorosulfonic acid membranes Macromolecules 25 1992 2739 2745
26. H.L. Yeager, and A. Steck Cation and water diffusion in Nafion ion exchange membranes: influence of polymer structure J Electrochem Soc 128 1981 1880 1884 (Pubitemid 12438988)
27. P. Dimitrova, K.A. Friedrich, U. Stimming, and B. Vogt Modified Nafion®-based membranes for use in direct methanol fuel cells Solid State Ionics 150 2002 115 122 (Pubitemid 34863192)
28. H. Fröhlich Theory of dielectrics 1958 Oxford University Press London
29. P.A.M. Steeman, and J.V. Turnhout A numerical Kramers-Krönig transform for the calculation of dielectric relaxation losses free from Ohmic conduction losses Colloid Polymer Science 275 1997 106 115 (Pubitemid 127492205)
30. M. Wübbenhorst, and J.V. Turnhout Analysis of complex dielectric spectra. I. One-dimensional derivative techniques and three-dimensional modeling J Non-Cryst Solids 305 2002 40 49 (Pubitemid 34554385)
31. E. Tuncer, M. Wegener, P. Frübing, and R. Gerhard-Multhaupt Origin of temperature dependent conductivity of α-polyvinylidene fluoride J Chem Phys 122 2005 084901
32. S.H. Bielowka, T. Psurek, J. Ziolo, and M. Paluch Test of the fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein equation in low-molecular-weight glass-forming liquids under condition of high compression Phys Rev E 63 2001 062301
33. S. Corezzi, S. Capaccioli, G. Gallone, M. Lucchesi, and P.A. Rolla Dynamics of a glass-forming triepoxide studied by dielectric Spectroscopy J Phys Condens Matter 11 1999 10297 10314 (Pubitemid 129569946)
34. P. Atorngitjawat, and J. Runt Dynamics of sulfonated polystyrene ionomers using broadband dielectric Spectroscopy Macromolecules 40 2007 991 996 (Pubitemid 46383749)
35. P. Atorngitjawat, R.J. Klein, and J. Runt Dynamics of sulfonated polystyrene copolymers using broadband dielectric spectroscopy Macromolecules 39 2006 1815 1820