Optimizing properties of nanoclay-nitrile rubber (NBR) composites using Face Centred Central Composite Design

Materials and Design

Volumn 35, Issue , 2012, Pages 854-862

  Balachandran, Meera ^a   Devanathan, Sriram ^a   Muraleekrishnan, R ^b   Bhagawan, S S ^a  

^a AMRITA UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION   (India)

Author keywords

A. Elastomers and rubber; A. Nano materials; F. Mechanical properties

Indexed keywords

CONTOUR PLOT; DI-CUMYL PEROXIDES; ELONGATION AT BREAK; FACE CENTRED CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN; NANO CLAYS; NANOCLAY COMPOSITES; OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE; OXYGEN PERMEATION; REGRESSION EQUATION; RESPONSE SURFACE; RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY; SILICA CONTENT; VEHICLE APPLICATIONS;

BUTADIENE; DESIGN; LAUNCH VEHICLES; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; OPTIMIZATION; POLYMER BLENDS; RUBBER; SILICA; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

NANOCOMPOSITES;

EID: 84858337485     PISSN: 02641275     EISSN: 18734197     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.077     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Pinnavaia T.J., Beall G.W. Polymer-clay nanocomposites 2000, Wiley, Chichester.
2. Chen J.S., Poliks M.D., Ober C.K., Zhang Y., Wiesner U., Giannelis E.P. Study of the interlayer expansion mechanism and thermal-mechanical properties of surface-initiated epoxy nanocomposites. Polymer 2002, 43:4895-4904.
3. Alexandre M., Dubois P. Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials. Mater Sci Eng 2000, 28:1-63.
4. Kojima Y., Usuki A., Kawasumi M., Okada A., Fukushima Y., Karauchi T., et al. Mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid. Mater Res 1993, 8:1185-1189.
5. Biswas M., Ray S.S. Recent progress in synthesis and evaluation of polymer-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Adv Polym Sci 2001, 155:167-221.
6. Morgan A.B., Jeffrey W.G. Characterization of polymer-layered silicate (clay) nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction: a comparative study. J Appl Polym Sci 2003, 87:1329-1338.
7. Varghese S., Karger-Kocsis J. Natural rubber-based nanocomposites by latex compounding with layered silicates. Polymer 2003, 44:4921-4927.
8. Sadhu S., Bhowmick A.K. Preparation and properties of nanocomposites based on acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber and polybutadiene rubber. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 2004, 42:1573-1585.
9. Hwang W., Wei K., Wu C. Preparation and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/silicate nanocomposites. Polymer 2004, 45:5729-5734.
10. Sengupta R., Chakraborty S., Bandyopadhyay S., Dasgupta S., Mukhopadhyay R., Auddy K., et al. A short review on rubber/clay nanocomposites with emphasis on mechanical properties. Polym Eng Sci 2007, 47:1956-1974.
11. Ray S.S., Okamoto M. Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing. Prog Polym Sci 2003, 28:1539-1641.
12. LeBaron P.C., Wang Z., Pinnavaia T.J. Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: an overview. Appl Clay Sci 1999, 15:11-29.
13. Ray S.S., Bousmina M. Polymer nanocomposites and their applications 2006, American Scientific Publishers, California.
14. Hussain F., Hojjati M., Okamoto M., Gorga R.E. Review article: polymer-matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing and application: an overview. J Compos Mater 2006, 40:1511-1575.
15. Sadhu S., Bhowmick A.K. Effect of nanoclay on the dynamic mechanical properties of styrene butadiene and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates. Rubber Chem Technol 2005, 78:321-335.
16. Sadhu S., Bhowmick A.K. Preparation and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber based nanocomposites: the influence of the structural and processing parameters. J Appl Polym Sci 2004, 92:698-709.
17. Morton M. Rubber technology 1999, Kluver Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 3rd ed.
18. Hofmann W. Rubber technology handbook 1989, Hanser Gardner Publications, Dordrecht.
19. Kim J., Oh T., Lee D. Preparation and characteristics of nitrile rubber (NBR) nanocomposites based on organophilic layered clay. Polym Int 2003, 52:1058-1063.
20. Nah C., Ryu H.J., Kim W.D., Chang Y.W. Preparation and properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer hybrid nanocomposites with organoclays. Polym Int 2003, 52:1359-1364.
21. Wu Y.P., Jia Q.X., Yu D.S., Zhang L.Q. Structure and properties of nitrile rubber (NBR)-clay nanocomposites by co-coagulating NBR latex and clay aqueous suspension. J Appl Polym Sci 2003, 89:3855-3858.
22. Rajasekar R., Pal K., Heinrich G., Das A., Das C.K. Development of nitrile butadiene rubber-nanoclay composites with epoxidized natural rubber as compatibilizer. Mater Des 2009, 30:3839-3845.
23. Balachandran M, Mythili T, Smitha M, Bhagawan SS. Mechanical behaviour of nanoclay-NBR composites. In: Proceedings of Asia Rub Tech Expo. Cochin, India, November; 2006. p. 64.
24. Balachandran M., Stanly L.P., Muraleekrishnan R., Bhagawan S.S. Modelling NBR-layered silicate nanocomposites: A DoE approach. J Appl Polym Sci 2010, 118:3300-3310.
25. Dong Y., Bhattacharyya D., Hunter P.J. Experimental characterisation and object-oriented finite element modelling of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 2008, 68:2864-2875.
26. Gacitua E.W., Ballerini A.A., Zhang J. Polymer nanocomposites: synthetic and natural fillers. Ciencia Tecnol 2005, 7:159-178.
27. Kalaitzidou K., Fukushima H., Miyagawa H., Drzal L.T. Flexural and tensile moduli of polypropylene nanocomposites and comparison of experimental data to Halpin-Tsai and Tandon-Weng models. Polym Eng Sci 2007, 47:1796-1803.
28. Yung K.C., Wang J., Yue T.M. Modeling Young's modulus of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites using a modified Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. J Reinf Plast Compos 2006, 25:847-861.
29. Wu Y.P., Jia Q.X., Yu D.S., Zhang L.Q. Modeling Young's modulus of rubber-clay nanocomposites using composite theories. Polym Test 2004, 23:903-909.
30. Jordan J., Jacob K., Tannenbaum R., Sharaf M., Jasiuk I. Experimental trends in polymer nanocomposites-a review. Mater Sci Eng A 2005, 393:1-11.
31. Sheng N., Boyce M.C., Parks D.M., Rutledge G.C., Abes J.I., Cohen R.E. Multiscale micromechanical modeling of polymer/clay nanocomposites and the effective clay particle. Polymer 2004, 45:487-506.
32. Luo J.J., Daniel I.M. Characterization and modeling of mechanical behaviour of polymer/clay nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 2003, 63:1607-1616.
33. Scocchi G., Posocco P., Fermeglia M., Pricl S. Polymer-clay nanocomposites: a multiscale molecular modeling approach. J Phys Chem B 2007, 111:2143-2151.
34. Scocchi G., Posocco P., Handgraaf J.W., Jfraaije G.E.M., Fermeglia M., Pricl S. A complete multiscale modelling approach for polymer-clay nanocomposites. Chem - Eur J 2009, 15:7586-7592.
35. Valavala P.K., Odegard G.M. Modeling techniques for determination of mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Rev Adv Mater Sci 2005, 9:34-44.
36. Chabert E., Dendievel R., Gauthier C., Cavaille J.Y. Prediction of the elastic response of polymer based nanocomposites: a mean field approach and a discrete simulation. Compos Sci Technol 2004, 64:309-316.
37. Yuan M., Turng L.S. Microstructure and mechanical properties of microcellular injection moulded polyamide-6 nanocomposites. Polymer 2005, 46:7273-7292.
38. Dong Y., Bhattacharyya D. Effects of clay type, clay/compatibiliser content and matrix viscosity on the mechanical properties of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites. Composites Part A 2008, 39:1177-1191.
39. Montgomery D.C. Design and analysis of experiments 1996, John Wiley, New York.
40. Araujo P.W., Brereton R.G. Experimental design II. Optimization. TrAC - Trend Anal Chem 1996, 15:63-70.
41. Gunst R.F., Mason R.L., James L.H. Statistical design and analysis of experiments with applications to engineering and science 1989, John Wiley, New York.
42. Cheremesinoff N.P. Product design and testing of polymeric materials 1990, Marcel Dekker, New York.
43. Derringer G.C. Statistical methods in rubber research and development. Rubber Chem Technol 1990, 61377-61417.
44. Wu C.F.J., Hamad M. Experiments planning, analysis and parameter design optimization 2000, John Wiley, New York.
45. Jain P, Muraleekrishnan R, Bhagawan SS, Rao MS. Response methodology: a tool for developing low styrene butadiene rubber [LSBR] compounds. In: Proceedings of macro 98 conference, Chennai, India, January; 1998.
46. Mittal V.J. Modeling the behaviour of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites using factorial and mixture designs. Thermoplast Compos Mater 2008, 21:9-26.
47. Bhagawan S.S. Statistical design in polymer processing. Polymer processing technology 2008, 16.1-16.37. Asian Books, New Delhi. B.R. Gupta (Ed.).
48. MINITAB software package, Statguide. http://www.Minitab.com.
49. Sridhar V., Prasad K., Choe S., Kundu P.P. Optimization of physical and mechanical properties of rubber compounds by a response surface methodological approach. J Appl Polym Sci 2001, 82:997-1005.
50. Narayanan E., Bhagawan S.S., John B., Bhaskaran A.K. Space quality rubber products: case study with nitrile/butadiene rubber based engine gimbal control system bladder. Plast Rubber Compos 1998, 27:337-340.
51. Chow W.S., Bakar A.A., Ishak Z.A.M., Karger-Kocsis J., Ishiaku U.S. Effect of maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-propylene rubber on the mechanical, rheological and morphological properties of organoclay reinforced polyamide. Eur Polym J 2005, 41:68796.
52. Ahmadi S.J., Yudong H., Li W. Synthesis of EPDM/organoclay nanocomposites: effect of the clay exfoliation on structure and physical properties. Iran Polym J 2004, 13:415-422.
53. Sadhu S., Bhowmick A.K. Morphology study of rubber based nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. J Mater Sci 2005, 40:1633-1642.
54. Jia Q.X., Wu Y.P., Wang Y.Q., Lu M., Zhang L.Q. Enhanced interfacial interaction of rubber/clay nanocomposites by a novel two-step method. Compos Sci Technol 2008, 68:1050-1056.
55. Lilichenko N., Maksimov R.D., Zicans J., Meri R.M., Plume E. A biodegradable polymer nanocomposite: mechanical and barrier properties. Mech Compos Mater 2008, 44:45-56.
56. Kim J., Oh T., Lee D. Curing and barrier properties of NBR/organo-clay nanocomposites. Polym Int 2004, 53:406-411.
57. Takahashi S., Goldberg H.A., Feeney C.A., Karim D.P., Farrell M., O'Leary K., et al. Gas barrier properties of butyl rubber/vermiculite nanocomposite coatings. Polymer 2006, 47:3083-3093.
58. Frounchi M., Dadbin S., Salehpour Z., Noferesti M. Gas barrier properties of PP/EPDM blend nanocomposites. J Membr Sci 2006, 282:142-148.
59. Chang Y.W., Yang Y., Ryu S., Nah C. Preparation and properties of EPDM/organomontmorillonite hybrid nanocomposites. Polym Int 2002, 51:319-324.
60. Ganter M., Gronski W., Reichert P., Mülhaupt R. Rubber nanocomposites: morphology and mechanical properties of BR and SBR vulcanizates reinforced by organophilic layered silicates. Rubber Chem Technol 2001, 74:221-235.