Work-family conflicts and job attitudes of single women: A developing country perspective

International Journal of Human Resource Management

Volumn 23, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 1376-1393

  Sidani, Yusuf M ^a   Al Hakim, Zeina T ^b  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

^b LEBANESE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY   (Lebanon)

Author keywords

Arab countries; developing countries; gender; Lebanon; single women; work family conflicts

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858325081     PISSN: 09585192     EISSN: 14664399     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2011.579919     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Allen, T.D., Herst, D.E., Bruck, C.S. and Sutton, M. 2000. Consequences Associated with Work-to-Family Conflict: A Review and Agenda for Future Research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2): 278-308.
2. Aryee, S. 2005. "The Work-Family Interface in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa: A Theoretical Analysis". In Work and Family: An International Research Perspective, Edited by: Poelmans, S.A.Y. 261-286. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
3. Aryee, S., Fields, D. and Luk, V. 1999. A Cross-Cultural Test of a Model of the Work-Family Interface. Journal of Management, 25(4): 491-511.
4. Barakat, H. 1998. The Contemporary Arab Society: An Exploratory Sociological Study, Lebanon: The Center for Arab Unity Studies.
5. Bedeian, A.G., Burke, B.G. and Moffett, R.G. 1988. Outcomes of Work-Family Conflict among Married Male and Female Professionals. Journal of Management, 14(3): 475-491.
6. Biggs, A. and Brough, P. 2005. Investigating the Moderating Influences of Gender upon Role Salience and Work-Family Conflict. Equal Opportunities International, 24(2): 30-41.
7. Boles, J.S., Howard, W.G. and Donofrio, H.H. 2001. An Investigation into the Inter-Relationships of Work-Family Conflict, Family-Work Conflict and Work Satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Issues, 13(3): 376-390.
8. Burke, R., Koyuncu, M. and Fiksenbaum, L. 2009. Gender Differences in Work Experiences, Satisfactions and Wellbeing among Physicians in Turkey. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(2): 70-91.
9. Chammas, M. 2010. "Building Bridges to Accelerate Entrepreneurship". In The Global Entrepreneurship Forum 2010, Beirut/Lebanon: TechWadi/American University of Beirut.
10. Chen, Z.X. and Francesco, A.M. 2000. Employee Demography, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intentions in China: Do Cultural Differences Matter?. Human Relations, 53(6): 869-887.
11. Choi, J. 2008. Work and Family Demands and Life Stress among Chinese Employees: The Mediating Effect of Work-Family Conflict. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(5): 878-895.
12. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G. and Aiken, L.S. 2003. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 3rd ed., Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
13. Coronel, J.M., Moreno, E. and Carrasco, M.J. 2010. Work-family Conflicts and the Organizational Work Culture as Barriers to Women Educational Managers. Gender, Work and Organization, 17(2): 219-239.
14. Cummins, H.A. 2005. Mommy Tracking Single Women in Academia when They are not Mommies. Women's Studies International Forum, 28(2-3): 222-231.
15. Davidson, M.J. and Cooper, C.L. 1992. Shattering the Glass Ceiling: The Women Manager, London: Chapman.
16. Diekman, A.B., Eagly, A.H. and Kulesa, P. 2002. Accuracy and Bias in Stereotypes about the Social and Political Attitudes of Women and Men. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38(3): 268-282.
17. Eagly, A.H. 2009. The His and Hers of Prosocial Behavior: An Examination of the Social Psychology of Gender. American Psychologist, 64(8): 644-658.
18. Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S. and Sowa, D. 1986. Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3): 500-507.
19. Emslie, C. and Hunt, K. 2009. "Live to Work" or "Work to Live"? A Qualitative Study of Gender and Work-Life Balance among Men and Women in Mid-Life. Gender, Work, and Organization, 16(1): 151-172.
20. Fargues, P. 2005. Women in Arab Countries: Challenging the Patriarchal System?. Reproductive Health Matters, 13(25): 43-48.
21. Foley, S., Hang-Yue, N. and Liu, S. 2005. The Effects of Work Stressors, Perceived Organizational Support, and Gender on Work-Family Conflict in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22(3): 237-256.
22. Frone, M.R., Yardley, J.K. and Markel, K.S. 1997. Developing and Testing an Integrative Model of the Work-Family Interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50(2): 145-167.
23. Grandey, A.A., Cordeiro, B.L. and Crouter, A.C. 2005. A Longitudinal and Multi-Source Test of the Work-Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction Relationship. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(3): 305-323.
24. Greenhaus, J.H. and Parasuraman, S. 1999. "Research on Work, Family, and Gender". In Handbook of Gender & Work, Edited by: Powell, G. 391-412. California: Sage.
25. Greenhaus, J.H., Parasuraman, S. and Collins, K.M. 2001. Career Involvement and Family Involvement as Moderators of Relationships Between Work-Family Conflict and Withdrawal from a Profession. Journal of Occupational Health and Psychology, 6(2): 91-100.
26. Gutek, B.A., Searle, S. and Klepa, L. 1991. Rational Versus Gender Role Explanations for Work-Family Conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(4): 560-568.
27. Hang-yue, N., Foley, S. and Loi, R. 2005. Work Role Stressors and Turnover Intentions: A Study of Professional Clergy in Hong Kong. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(11): 2133-2146.
28. Joplin, J.R.W., Francesco, A.M., Shaffer, M.A. and Lau, T. 2003. The Macro-Environment and Work-Family Conflict: Development of a Cross Cultural Comparative Framework. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 3(3): 305-328.
29. Joseph, S. 2008. "Brother-Sister Relationships: Connectivity, Love, and Power in the Reproduction of Patriarchy in Lebanon". In Arab Society and Culture: An Essential Reader, Edited by: Khalaf, S. and Khalaf, R.S. 278-292. London: Saqi.
30. Judge, T.A., Boudreau, J.W. and Bretz, R.D. Jr. 1994. Job and Life Attitudes of Male Executives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(5): 767-782.
31. Kandiyoti, D. 1988. Bargaining with Patriarchy. Gender and Society, 2(3): 274-289.
32. Karasek, R., Brisson, C., Kawakami, N., Houtman, I. and Bongers, P. 1998. The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): An Instrument for Internationally Comparative Assessments of Psychological Job Characteristics. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(4): 322-355.
33. Karimi, L. and Nouri, A. 2009. Do Work Demands and Resources Predict Work-to-Family Conflict and Facilitation? A study of Iranian Male Employee's. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 30(2): 193-202.
34. Kawar, M. 2000. Transitions and Boundaries: Research into the Impact of Paid Work on Young Women's Lives in Jordan. Gender and Development, 8(2): 56-65.
35. Khalaf, S. and Khalaf, R.S. 2008. Arab Society and Culture: An Essential Reader, London: Saqi.
36. Lazarus, R.S. 1991. Progress on a Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory of Emotion. American Psychologist, 46: 819-834.
37. Livingston, B.A. and Judge, T.A. 2008. Emotional Responses to Work-Family Conflict: An Examination of Gender Role Orientation among Working Men and Women. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1): 207-216.
38. Marlow, C. 1993. Coping with Multiple Roles: Family Configuration and the Need for Workplace Services. Affilia, 8(1): 40-55.
39. McHale, S.M., Crouter, A.C. and Tucker, C.J. 1999. Family Context and Gender Role Socialization in Middle Childhood: Comparing Girls to Boys and Sisters to Brothers. Child Development, 70(4): 990-1004.
40. Metcalfe, B.D. 2007. Gender and Human Resource Management in the Middle East. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1): 54-74.
41. Netemeyer, R.G., Boles, J.S. and McMurrian, R. 1996. Development and Validation of Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict Scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4): 400-410.
42. Omar, A. and Davidson, M.J. 2001. Women in Management: A Comparative Cross-Cultural Overview. Cross Cultural Management, 8(3/4): 35-67.
43. Ozkanli, O. and White, K. 2009. Gender and Leadership in Turkish and Australian Universities. Equal Opportunities International, 28(4): 324-335.
44. Patai, R. 2007. The Arab Mind, Rev. ed., New York: Hatherleigh Press.
45. Poelmans, S.A.Y., Chinchilla, N. and Cardona, P. 2003. The Adoption of Family-Friendly HRM Policies: Competing for Scarce Resources in the Labour Market. International Journal of Manpower, 24: 128-147, 207.
46. Rothausen, T.J. 1999. "Family" in Organizational Research: A Review and Comparison of Definitions and Measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(6): 817-836.
47. Sandhu, H.S. and Mehta, R. 2006. Work-Family Conflict among Women Executives in Service Sector: An Empirical Study. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 3(2): 68-80.
48. Schaefer Davis, S. 2008. "Growing up in Morocco". In Arab Society and Culture: An Essential Reader, Edited by: Khalaf, S. and Khalaf, R.S. 77-86. London: Saqi.
49. Schein, V.E. 1999. Poor Women and Work in the Third World: A Research Agenda for Organisational Psychologists. Psychology Developing Societies, 11(1): 105-117.
50. Sharabi, H. 1992. Neopatriarchy: A Theory of Distorted Change in Arab Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
51. Sidani, Y. 2005. Women, Work, and Islam in Arab Societies. Women in Management Review, 20(7): 498-512.
52. Sidani, Y.M. and Gardner, W.L. 2000. Work Values among Lebanese Workers. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140(5): 597-607.
53. Smithson, J. and Stokoe, E.H. 2005. Discourses of Work-Life Balance: Negotiating "Genderblind" Terms in Organizations. Gender, Work, and Organization, 12(2): 147-168.
54. Spector, P., Allen, T., Poelmans, S., Lapierre, L., Cooper, C., O'Driscoll, M., Sanchez, J., Abarca, N., Alexandrova, M., Beham, B., Brough, P., Ferreiro, P., Fraile, G., Lu, C., Lu, L., Moreno-Velázquez, I., Pagon, M., Pitariu, H., Salamatov, V., Shima, S., Simoni, A., Siu, O. and Widerszal-Bazyl, M. 2007. Cross-National Differences in Relationships of Work Demands, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions with Work-Family Conflict. Personnel Psychology, 60(4): 805-835.
55. Streich, M., Casper, W.J. and Salvaggio, A.N. 2008. Examining Couple Agreement about Work-Family Conflict. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(3): 252-272.
56. Sugita, S. 2008. A Preliminary Assessment on Care Needs and Provision in Lebanon, Beirut: International Labour Organization.
57. Taylor, J.C. and Bowers, D.G. 1972. Survey of Organizations: A Machine-Scored Standardized Questionnaire Investment, University of Michigan: Institute of Social Research.
58. Theorell, T. 1996. "The Demand-Control-Support Model for Studying Health in Relation to Work Environment: An Interactive Model". In Behavioral Medicine Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Edited by: Orth-Gomèr, K. and Schneiderman, N. 69-85. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
59. Thomson K. 1998. The Dream Account. Executive, 1: 18-19.
60. Wharton, A.S. and Blair-Roy, M. 2006. Long Work Hours and Family Life a Cross-National Study of Employees' Concerns. Journal of Family Issues, 27(3): 415-436.
61. Wu, M., Chang, C.C. and Zhuang, W.L. 2010. Relationships of Work-Family Conflict with Business and Marriage Outcomes in Taiwanese Copreneurial Women. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(5): 742-753.
62. Yamokoski, A. and Keister, L.A. 2006. The Wealth of Single Women: Marital Status and Parenthood in the Asset Accumulation of Young Baby Boomers in the United States. Feminist Economics, 12(1-2): 167-194.
63. Yavas, U., Babakus, E. and Karatepe, O.M. 2009. Attitudinal and Behavioral Consequences of Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict. Does Gender Matter?. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 19(1): 7-31.