Insights into airway infections by enterococci: A review

Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 36-44

  Savini, Vincenzo ^a   Gherardi, Giovanni ^b   Astolfi, Daniela ^a   Polilli, Ennio ^a   Dicuonzo, Giordano ^b   D'Amario, Claudio ^c   Fazii, Paolo ^a   D'Antonio, Domenico ^a  

^a SPIRITO SANTO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY CAMPUS BIO MEDICO   (Italy)

^c San Liberatore Hospital   (Italy)

Author keywords

Enterococcus; Glycopeptides; GRE; Lung; Pneumonia; Teicoplanin; Vancomycin VRE

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZTREONAM; CEFTRIAXONE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CLOXACILLIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DALFOPRISTIN PLUS QUINUPRISTIN; DAPTOMYCIN; DICLOXACILLIN; FOSFOMYCIN; GENTAMICIN; LINCOSAMIDE; LINEZOLID; MACROLIDE; METICILLIN; NAFCILLIN; OXACILLIN; PENICILLIN G; POLYMYXIN B; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RIFAMPICIN; STREPTOMYCIN; TEICOPLANIN; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; TIGECYCLINE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ABSCESS DRAINAGE; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTHRALGIA; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; BRONCHITIS; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; ENTEROCOCCUS; ENTEROCOCCUS CASSELIFLAVUS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM; ENTEROCOCCUS GALLINARUM; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; LUNG ABSCESS; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MYALGIA; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PLEURA EMPYEMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; SINUSITIS; THORAX DRAINAGE; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA;

ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ENTEROCOCCUS; HUMANS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS;

EID: 84858315873     PISSN: 1574891X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157489112799829774     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Petts DN. Evaluation of a modified nitrous acid extraction latex agglutination kit for grouping beta-hemolytic streptococci and enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33(4): 1016-18.
2. Murray BE. The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990; 3(1): 46-65.
3. Moellering RC Jr. Emergence of Enterococcus as a significant pathogen. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14(6): 1173-6.
4. Duprè I, Zanetti S, Schito AM, Fadda G, Sechi LA. Incidence of virulence determinants in clinical Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates collected in Sardinia (Italy). J Med Microbiol 2003; 52(Pt 6): 491-8.
5. Depardieu F, Foucault ML, Bell J, Dubouix A, Guibert M, Lavigne JP, et al. New combinations of mutations in VanD-Type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus avium strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53(5): 1952-63.
6. Naas T, Fortineau N, Snanoudj R, Spicq C, Durrbach A, Nordmann P. First nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium expressing a VanD-like phenotype associated with a vanA genotype. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43(8): 3642-9.
7. Conceição N, Oliveira CD, Silva PR, Avila BG, Oliveira AG. Trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of enterococci in a Brazilian tertiary hospital: a 4-year study. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44(2): 177-81.
8. Livermore DM. Linezolid in vitro: mechanism and antibacterial spectrum. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51 (Suppl 2): 9-16.
9. Livermore DM. Quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid: where, when, which and whether to use? J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46(3): 347-50.
10. Chen, C.M., Edberg, S.C. Method and medium for detecting vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. US20067018807 (2006).
11. Bergman R, Tjan DH, Schouten MA, Haas LE, van Zanten AR. Pleural Enterococcus faecalis empyema: an unusual case. Infection 2009; 37(1): 56-9.
12. Vanschooneveld T, Mindru C, Madariaga MG, Kalil AC, Florescu DF. Enterococcus pneumonia complicated with empyema and lung abscess in an HIV-positive patient. Case report and review of the literature. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20(9): 659-61.
13. Savini V, Catavitello C, Favaro M, Masciarelli G, Astolfi D, Balbinot A, et al. Enterococcus raffinosus sinusitis post-Aspergillus flavus paranasal infection, in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome: report of a case and concise review of pertinent literature. J Clin Pathol 2010; 63(3): 264-5.
14. Savini V, Manna A, D'Antonio F, Talia M, Catavitello C, Balbinot A, et al. First report of vaginal infection caused by Enterococcus raffinosus. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57(5): 672-3.
15. Savini V, Manna A, Di Bonaventura G, Catavitello C, Talia M, Balbinot A, et al. Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus from a decubitus ulcer: a case report. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2008; 7(1): 36-7.
16. Rambach, A. Culture medium for detecting and/or discriminating Enterococcus and method therefor. US20050009132 (2005).
17. Chen, C. M., Gu, H. Medium for detecting enterococci in a sample. US19975620865 (1997).
18. Hopfer RL, Pinzon R, Wenglar M, Rolston KV. Enzyme release of antigen from Streptococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes cross-reactive with Lancefield group G typing reagents. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 22(4): 677-9.
19. Bonten MJ, van Tiel FH, van der Geest S, Stobberingh EE, Gaillard CA. Enterococcus faecalis pneumonia complicating topical antimicrobial prophylaxis. N Engl J Med 1993; 328(3): 209-10.
20. Xiol X, Castellví JM, Guardiola J, Sesé E, Castellote J, Perelló A, et al. Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: a prospective study. Hepatology 1996; 23(4): 719-23.
21. Savini V, Catavitello C, Masciarelli G, Astolfi D, Balbinot A, Bianco A, et al. Review of airway illnesses by Kytococcus and Rothia and a look at inhalatory vancomycin as a treatment support. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2011; 6(1): 64-71.
22. Berghmans T, Tragas G, Sculier JP. A prospective study of infections in lung cancer patients admitted to the hospital. Chest 2003; 124(1): 114-20.
23. Morris JF, Okies JE. Enterococcal lung abscess: Medical and surgical therapy. Chest 1974; 65(6): 688-91.
24. Gupta MR, Valentine VG, Walker JE Jr, Lombard GA, LaPlace SG, Seoane L, et al. Clinical spectrum of gram-positive infections in lung transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2009; 11(5): 424-31.
25. Liao WY, Liaw YS, Wang HC, Chen KY, Luh KT, Yang PC. Bacteriology of infected cavitating lung tumor. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161(5): 1750-3.
26. Levora J, Teplan V, Viklický O. Enterococcus faecium as a cause of pulmonary abscesses in kidney transplant recipient. Transpl Int 2007; 20(3): 297-8.
27. Suntharam N, Lankford MG, Trick WE, Peterson LR, Noskin GA. Risk factors for acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci among hematology-oncology patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 43(3): 183-8.
28. Fridkin SK, Edwards JR, Courval JM, Hill H, Tenover FC, Lawton R, et al. Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE) Project and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Hospitals. The effect of vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporins on prevalence of vancomycinresistant enterococci in 126 U.S. adult intensive care units. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135(3): 175-83.
29. Filipová M, Bujdáková H. Factors of virulence and mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium with high-level gentamicin resistance. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2005; 54(2): 65-74.
30. Kobayashi N, Alam M, Nishimoto Y, Urasawa S, Uehara N, Watanabe N. Distribution of aminoglycoside resistance genes in recent clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus avium. Epidemiol Infect 2001; 126(2): 197-204.
31. Straut M, de Cespédès G, Horaud T. Plasmid-borne high-level resistance to gentamicin in Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus avium, and Enterococcus raffinosus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40(5): 1263-5.
32. Smith JA, Mullerworth MH, Westlake GW, Tatoulis J. Empyema thoracis: 14-year experience in a teaching center. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 51(1): 39-42.
33. Behnia M, Clay AS, Hart CM. Enterococcus faecalis causing empyema in a patient with liver disease. South Med J 2002; 95(10): 1201-3.
34. Alfageme I, Muñoz F, Peña N, Umbría S. Empyema of the thorax in adults. Etiology, microbiologic findings, and management. Chest 1993; 103(3): 839-43.
35. Savini V, Salutari P, Sborgia M, Mancini I, Masciarelli G, Catavitello C, et al. Brief tale of a bacteraemia by Rhodococcus equi, with concomitant lung mass: What came first, the chicken or the egg? Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2011; 3(1): e2011006.
36. Garsin DA, Willems RJ. Insights into the biofilm lifestyle of enterococci. Virulence 2010; 1(4): 219-21.
37. Savini V, Catavitello C, Astolfi D, Balbinot A, Masciarelli G, Pompilio A, et al. Bacterial contamination of platelets and septic transfusions: Review of the literature and discussion on recent patents about biofilm treatment. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2010; 5(2): 168-76.
38. Tanimoto K, Nomura T, Maruyama H, Tomita H, Shibata N, Arakawa Y, et al. First VanD-Type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50(11): 3966-7.
39. Chirurgi VA, Oster SE, Goldberg AA, Zervos MJ, McCabe RE. Ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus in an acute-care hospital: Case-control study and antimicrobial susceptibilities. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29(11): 2663-5.
40. Wilke WW, Marshall SA, Coffman SL, Pfaller MA, Edmund MB, Wenzel RP, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus: molecular epidemiology, species identification error, and frequency of occurrence in a national resistance surveillance program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 29(1): 43-49.
41. El-Khoury J, Fishman JA. Linezolid in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in solid organ transplant recipients: report of a multicenter compassionate-use trial. Transpl Infect Dis 2003; 5(3): 121-5.
42. Nakano, T., Kubo, R. Culture medium for detecting Enterococcus. US20050112718 (2005).
43. Enoch DA, Bygott JM, Daly ML, Karas JA. Daptomycin. J Infect 2007; 55(3): 205-13.
44. Forrest GN, Tamura K. Rifampin combination therapy for nonmycobacterial infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23(1): 14-34.
45. Werner G, Gfrörer S, Fleige C, Witte W, Klare I. Tigecyclineresistant Enterococcus faecalis strain isolated from a German intensive care unit patient. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61(5): 1182-3.
46. Šeputienė V, Povilonis J, Armalytė J, Sužiedėlis K, Pavilonis A, Sužiedėliėnė E. Tigecycline-how powerful is it in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria? Medicina (Kaunas) 2010; 46(4): 240-8.
47. Chopra I. Tetracycline analogs whose primary target is not the bacterial ribosome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38(4): 637-40.
48. Gorchynski J, Rose JK. Complications of MRSA treatment: linezolid-induced myelosuppression presenting with pancytopenia. West J Emerg Med 2008; 9(3): 177-8.
49. Rambach, A. Solid culture medium for the detection and/or the species discrimination of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. US20090280524 (2009).
50. Kircher, S., Salomon, J.E., Douglas-Mckay, S. Chromogenic medium for the detection and identification of vancomycin resistant enterococci and method therefor. US20080145881 (2008).
51. Dimmer, S., Klein, D. Medium for detecting and differentiating vancomycin-resistant enterococci. US20100120086 (2010).
52. Depardieu F, Perichon B, Courvalin P. Detection of the van alphabet and identification of enterococci and staphylococci at the species level by multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42(12): 5857-60.
53. McKessar SJ, Berry AM, Bell JM, Turnidge JD, Paton JC. Genetic characterization of vanG, a novel vancomycin resistance locus of Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44(11): 3224-8.
54. Depardieu F, Bonora MG, Reynolds PE, Courvalin P. The vanG glycopeptide resistance operon from Enterococcus faecalis revisited. Mol Microbiol 2003; 50(3): 931-48.
55. Abadía Patiño L, Courvalin P, Perichon B. vanE gene cluster of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis BM4405. J Bacteriol 2002; 184(23): 6457-64.
56. Fines M, Perichon B, Reynolds P, Sahm DF, Courvalin P. vanE, a new type of acquired glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecalis BM4405. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43(9): 2161-4.
57. Depardieu F, Reynolds PE, Courvalin P. VanD-type vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium 10/96A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47(1): 7-18.
58. Xu X, Lin D, Yan G, Ye X, Wu S, Guo Y, et al. vanM, a new glycopeptide resistance gene cluster found in Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54(11): 4643-7.
59. Boyd DA, Du T, Hizon R, Kaplen B, Murphy T, Tyler S, et al. VanG-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated in Canada. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50(6): 2217-21.
60. Rand KH, Houck HJ, Silverman JA. Daptomycin-reversible rifampicin resistance in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59: 1017-20.
61. Arsène S, Leclercq R. Role of a qnr-like gene in the intrinsic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to fluoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51(9): 3254-8.
62. Sundlov JA, Gulick AM. Insights into resistance against lincosamide antibiotics. Structure 2009; 17: 1549-50.
63. Superti S, Dias CAG, d'Azevedo PA. In vitro fosfomycin activity in vancomycin-resistant Enterococus faecalis. Braz J Infect Dis 2009; 13(2): 123-4.
64. Emaneini M, Aligholi M, Aminshai M. Characterization of glycopeptide, aminoglicoside and macrolide resistance among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from hospitals in Tehran. Pol J Microbiol 2008; 57(2): 173-8.
65. Sader HS, Streit JM, Fritsche TR, Jones RN. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from European medical centres: results of daptomycin surveillance programme (2002-2004). Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12: 844-52.
66. Mastroianni A. Enterococcus raffinosus endocarditis. First case and literature review. Infez Med 2009; 17(1): 14-19.
67. Poole K. Efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 56: 20-51.
68. Cercenado E, Cercenado S, Gómez JA, Bouza E. In vitro activity of tigecycline (GAR-936), a novel glycylcycline, against vancomycin-resistant enterococci and staphylococci with diminished susceptibility to glycopeptides. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52(1): 138-9.
69. Oyamada Y, Ito H, Fujimoto K, Asada R, Niga T, Okamoto R, et al. Combination of known and unknown mechanisms confers highlevel resistance to fluoroquinolones in Enterococcus faecium. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55(Pt 6): 729-36.
70. Jasovich A, Ganaha MC, Ebi C, García RD, Blanco MA, Lopardo H. Endocarditis due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus successfully treated with linezolid: Case report and review of literature. Rev Argent Microbiol 2008; 40(4): 204-7.
71. Grayson ML, Thauvin-Eliopoulos C, Eliopoulos GM, Yao JD, DeAngelis DV, Walton L, et al. Failure of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole therapy in experimental enterococcal endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990; 34(9): 1792-4.
72. Goodhart GL. In vivo in vitro susceptibility of Enterococcus to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A pitfall. JAMA 1984; 252(19): 2748-9.
73. Foster TJ. Plasmid-determined resistance to antimicrobial drugs and toxic metal ions in bacteria. Microbiol Rev 1983; 47(3): 361-409.
74. Courvalin PM, Shaw WV, Jacob AE. Plasmid-mediated mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics and to chloramphenicol in group D streptococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1978; 13(5): 716-25.
75. Savini V, Catavitello C, Pompetti F, Talia M, Costanzi L, Balbinot A, et al. Isolation of uncommon respiratory and enteric Acinetobacter baumannii from hematologic patients and emergence of tigecycline-resistance. J Infect 2008; 57(6): 497-500.
76. Savini V, Catavitello C, Talia M, Febbo F, Balbinot A, Pompilio A, et al. Misidentification of ampicillin-sulbactam heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii strains from ICU patients. J Infect 2009; 58(4): 316-7.
77. Savini V, Catavitello C, Bianco A, Balbinot A, D'Antonio D. Epidemiology, pathogenicity and emerging resistances in Staphylococcus pasteuri: from mammals and lampreys, to man. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2009; 4(2): 123-9.