Geodynamics and intermediate-depth seismicity in Vrancea (the south-eastern Carpathians): Current state-of-the art

Tectonophysics

Volumn 530-531, Issue , 2012, Pages 50-79

  Ismail Zadeh, Alik ^a,b,c   Matenco, Liviu ^d   Radulian, Mircea ^e   Cloetingh, Sierd ^d   Panza, Giuliano ^f,g  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b INSTITUTE OF EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION THEORY AND MATHEMATICAL GEOPHYSICS   (Russian Federation)

^c INSTITUT DE PHYSIQUE DU GLOBE DE PARIS   (France)

^d UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR EARTH PHYSICS   (Romania)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE   (Italy)

^g ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS   (Italy)

Author keywords

Geodynamics; Intermediate depth seismicity; Modelling; Seismic hazard; Tectonics; Vrancea

Indexed keywords

CARPATHIANS; DEEP STRUCTURE; EARTHQUAKE FORECASTING; EARTHQUAKE SIMULATION; GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS; GEODETIC OBSERVATION; GEODYNAMIC MODELS; GEODYNAMIC PROCESS; GEOELECTRIC; HIGH VELOCITY; INTERMEDIATE-DEPTH SEISMICITY; LITHOSPHERE DYNAMICS; LITHOSPHERIC; LITHOSPHERIC DEFORMATION; MAGMATISMS; MANTLE DYNAMICS; MIOCENE; MODELLING; REGIONAL TECTONICS; SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT; SEISMIC HAZARDS; SEISMIC STUDIES; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; STATE OF THE ART; STRESS REGIME; STRONG GROUND MOTION; SURFACE MANIFESTATIONS; SURFACE PROCESS; SURFACE-WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; THERMAL MODELLING; VERTICAL MOVEMENT; VRANCEA; VRANCEA REGION;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; EARTHQUAKES; GEODESY; SEISMIC WAVES; SURFACE WAVES; TECTONICS;

GEODYNAMICS;

CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; EXHUMATION; GEODYNAMICS; GROUND MOTION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; MAGMATISM; MANTLE STRUCTURE; MIOCENE; MODELING; SEISMIC HAZARD; SEISMICITY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC STRUCTURE;

CARPATHIANS; ROMANIA; VRANCEA;

EID: 84858275981     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.016     Document Type: Review

References (249)

1. Agee C.B. Petrology of the mantle transition zone. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1993, 21:19-41.
2. Alterman Z.S., Karal F.C. Propagation of elastic waves in layered media by finite difference methods. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1968, 58:367-398.
3. Anderson D.L. The New Theory of the Earth 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 384pp.
4. Andreescu M., Demetrescu C. Rheological implications of the thermal structure of the lithosphere in the convergence zone of the Eastern Carpathians. Journal of Geodynamics 2001, 31:373-391.
5. Ardeleanu L., Leydecker G., Bonjer K.-P., Busche H., Kaiser D., Schmitt T. Probabilistic seismic hazard map for Romania as a basis for a new building code. Natural Hazard and Earth System Sciences 2005, 5:679-684.
6. Bada G., Horváth F., Toth T., Fodor L., Timar G., Cloetingh S. Societal aspects of ongoing deformation in the Pannonian region. NATO Science Series 2005, 385-402. Springer, Heidelberg. N. Pinter, G. Grenerczy, J. Weber, S. Stein, D. Medak (Eds.).
7. Bala A., Radulian M., Popescu E. Earthquakes distribution and their focal mechanism in correlation with the active tectonic zones of Romania. Journal of Geodynamics 2003, 36:129-145.
8. Balla Z. Tertiary paleomagnetic data for the Carpatho-Pannonian region in the light of Miocene rotation kinematics. Tectonophysics 1987, 139:67-98.
9. Bass J.D. Elasticity of minerals, glasses, and melts. Mineral Physics and Crystallography, A Handbook of Physical Constants 1995, 45-63. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C. T.J. Ahrens (Ed.).
10. Batchelor G.K. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics 1967, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 615pp.
11. Belayouni H., Di Staso A., Guerrera F., Martín Martín M., Miclǎuş C., Serrano F., Tramontana M. Stratigraphic and geochemical study of the organic-rich black shales in the Tarcǎu Nappe of the Moldavidian Domain (Carpathian Chain, Romania). International Journal of Earth Sciences 2009, 98:157-176. 176.
12. Bertotti G., Matenco L., Cloetingh S. Vertical movements in and around the SE Carpathian foredeep: lithospheric memory and stress field control. Terra Nova 2003, 15:299-305.
13. Berza T., Drǎgǎnescu A. The Cerna-Jiu fault system (South Carpathians, Romania), a major Tertiary transcurrent lineament. D.S. Inst. Geol. Geofiz 1988, 72-73:43-57.
14. Berza T., Balintoni I., Iancu V., Seghedi A., Hann H.P. South Carpathians. Rom. J. Tect. Reg. Geol. 1994, 37-49. T. Berza (Ed.).
15. Bijwaard H., Spakman W. Non-linear global P-wave tomography by iterated linearized inversion. Geophysical Journal International 2000, 141:71-82.
16. Bird P. Initiation of intracontinental subduction in the Himalaya. Journal of Geophysical Research 1978, 83:4975-4987.
17. Bocin, A., 2010. Crustal structure of teh SE Carpathians and its foreland from densely spaced geophysical data. PhD Thesis, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 122 pp.
18. Bocin A., Stephenson R., Tryggvason A., Panea I., Mocanu V., Hauser F., Matenco L. 2.5D seismic velocity modelling in the south-eastern Romanian Carpathians Orogen and its foreland. Tectonophysics 2005, 410:273-291.
19. Bocin A., Stephenson R., Mocanu V., Matenco L. Architecture of the south-eastern Carpathians nappes and Focsani Basin (Romania) from 2D ray tracing of densely-spaced refraction data. Tectonophysics 2009, 476:512-527.
20. Bojar A.V., Neubauer F., Fritz H. Jurassic to Cenozoic thermal evolution of the southwestern South Carpathians: evidence from fission-track thermochronology. Tectonophysics 1998, 297:229-249.
21. Bonjer K.-P., Oncescu M.-C., Driad L., Rizescu M. A note on empirical site responses in Bucharest, Romania. Vrancea Earthquakes: Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation 1999, 149-162. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. F. Wenzel, D. Lungu, O. Novak (Eds.).
22. Boore D.M. Finite-difference methods for seismic waves propagation in heterogeneous materials. Methods in Computational Physics 1972, Vol. 11:1-37. Academic Press, New York.
23. Boschi L., Ampueroa J.-P., Peter D., Maia P.M., Soldati G., Giardini D. Petascale computing and resolution in global seismic tomography. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2007, 163:245-250.
24. Boyadzhiev G., Brandmayr E., Pinat T., Panza G.F. Optimization for non-linear inverse problems. Rendiconti Lincei 2008, 19:17-43.
25. Buiter S.J.H., Govers R., Wortel M.J.R. Two-dimensional simulations of surface deformation caused by slab detachment. Tectonophysics 2002, 354:195-210.
26. Burov E., Cloetingh S. Plume-like upper mantle instabilities drive subduction initiation. Geophysical Research Letters 2010, 37:L03309. 10.1029/2009gl041535.
27. Carminati E., Doglioni C. Europe-Mediterranean tectonics. Encyclopedia of Geology 2004, 135-146. Elsevier. R. Selley, R. Cocks, I. Plimer (Eds.).
28. Carminati E., Giardina F., Doglioni C. Rheological control of subcrustal seismicity in the Apennines subduction (Italy). Geophysical Research Letters 2002, 29(18). 10.1029/2001GL014084.
29. Ciulavu M., Mahlmann R.F., Schmid S.M., Hofmann H., Seghedi A., Frey M. Metamorphic evolution of a very low- to low-grade metamorphic core complex (Danubian window) in the South Carpathians. Geological Society of London. Special Publication 2008, 298:281-315.
30. Cloetingh S.A.P.L., Horvath F., Bada G., Lankreijer A. Neotectonics and surface processes: the Pannonian Basin and Alpine/Carpathian System. EGU Special Publication 2002, 3. (295pp.).
31. Cloetingh S.A.P.L., Burov E., Matenco L., Toussaint G., Bertotti G., Andriessen P.A.M., Wortel M.J.R., Spakman W. Thermo-mechanical controls on the model of continental collision in the SE Carpathians (Romania). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 218:57-76.
32. Cloetingh S., Matenco L., Bada G., Dinu C., Mocanu V. The evolution of the Carpathians-Pannonian system: interaction between neotectonics, deep structure, polyphase orogeny and sedimentary basins in a source to sink natural laboratory. Tectonophysics 2005, Special Volume 410. (507pp.).
33. Cloetingh S.A.P.L., Ziegler P.A., Bogaard P.J.F., Andriessen P.A.M., Artemieva I.M., Bada G., van Balen R.T., Beekman F., Ben-Avraham Z., Brun J.P., Bunge H.P., Burov E.B., Carbonell R., Facenna C., Friedrich A., Gallart J., Green A.G., Heidbach O., Jones A.G., Matenco L., Mosar J., Oncken O., Pascal C., Peters G., Sliaupa S., Soesoo A., Spakman W., Stephenson R.A., Thybo H., Torsvik T., de Vicente G., Wenzel F., Wortel M.J.R. TOPO-EUROPE: the geoscience of coupled deep Earth-surface processes. Global and Planetary Change 2007, Special Volume 58. (118pp.).
34. Cloetingh S., Gallart J., de Vicente G., Matenco L. TOPO-EUROPE: from Iberia to the Carpathians and analogues. Tectonophysics 2011, 502:1-27.
35. Csontos L., Vörös A. Mesozoic plate tectonic reconstruction of the Carpathian region. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2004, 210:1-56.
36. Demetrescu C., Andreescu M. On the thermal regime of some tectonic units in a continental collision environment in Romania. Tectonophysics 1994, 230:265-276.
37. Demetrescu C., Nielsen S.B., Ene M., Serban D.Z., Polonic G., Andreescu M., Pop A., Balling N. Lithosphere thermal structure and evolution of the Transylvanian Depression - insight from new geothermal measurements and modelling results. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2001, 126:249-267.
38. Demetrescu C., Wilhelm H., Tumanian M., Nielsen S., Damian A., Dobricǎ V., Ene M. Time-dependent thermal state of the lithosphere in the foreland of the Eastern Carpathians bend. Insights from new geothermal measurements and modelling results. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 170:896-912.
39. Dimitrijević M.D. Geology of Yugoslavia 1997, Geoinstitute, Belgrade, Belgrade, 187pp. 2nd edition.
40. Dinter G., Nutto M., Schmitt G., Schmidt U., Ghitau D., Marcu C. Three dimensional deformation analysis with respect to plate kinematics in Romania. Reports on Geodesy 2001, 2:29-42.
41. Dmitrieva O.E., Keilis-Borok V.I., Kossobokov V.G., Kuznetsov I.V., Levshina T.A., Mirzoev K.M., Negmatullaev S.Kh, Pisarenko V.F., Rotwain I.M., Shreider S.Yu Identification of the periods of increased probability of strong earthquakes in seismoactive regions of USSR and other countries. Computational Seismology 1988, vol. 20:97-107. Allerton Press, New York. V.I. Keilis-Borok (Ed.).
42. Doglioni C. Foredeeps versus subduction zones. Geology 1994, 22:271-274.
43. Doglioni C., Harabaglia P., Merlini S., Mongelli F., Peccerillo A., Piromallo C. Orogens and slabs vs. their direction of subduction. Earth-Science Reviews 1999, 45:167-208.
44. Draghiceanu M. Les tremblement de Terre de la Roumanie et des Pays Environnants. Geologie appliquee, Bucarest: L'Institut d'Arts Graphiques Carol Gobl 1896, (98pp.).
45. Ellouz N., Patriat M., Gaulier J.-M., Bouatmani R., Sabounji S. From rifting to Alpine inversion: Mesozoic and Cenozoic subsidence history of some Moroccan basins. Sedimentary Geology 2003, 156:185-212.
46. Enciu D.M., Knapp C.C., Knapp J.H. Revised crustal architecture of the southeastern Carpathian foreland from active and passive seismic data. Tectonics 2009, 28:TC4013. 10.1029/2008TC002381.
47. Enescu D., Popescu E., Radulian M. Source characteristics of the Sinaia (Romania) sequence of May-June 1993. Tectonophysics 1996, 261:39-49.
48. Facenna C., Piromallo C., Crespo-Blanc A., Jolivet L., Rossetti F. Lateral slab deformation and the origin of the western Mediterranean arcs. Tectonics 2004, 23:TC1012. 10.1029/2002TC001488.
49. Fang L., Wu J., Ding Z., Panza G.F. High resolution Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography in North China from ambient seismic noise. Geophysical Journal International 2010, 181:1171-1182.
50. Fillerup M.A., Knapp J.H., Knapp C.C., Raileanu V. Mantle earthquakes in the absence of subduction? Continental delamination in the Romanian Carpathians. Lithosphere 2010, 2(5):333-340.
51. Forte A.M., Woodward R.L., Dziewonski A.M. Joint inversions of seismic and geodynamic data for models of three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:21,857-21,887.
52. Fuchs K., Bonjer K., Bock G., Cornea I., Radu C., Enescu D., Jianu D., Nourescu A., Merkler G., Moldoveanu T., Tudorache G. The Romanian earthquake of March 4, 1977. II. Aftershocks and migration of seismic activity. Tectonophysics 1979, 53:225-247.
53. Fügenschuh B., Schmid S.M. Age and significance of core complex formation in a very curved orogen: evidence from fission track studies in the South Carpathians (Romania). Tectonophysics 2005, 404:33-53.
54. Gemmer L., Houseman G.A. Convergence and extension driven by lithospheric gravitational instability: evolution of the Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian system. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 168:1276-1290.
55. Girbacea R., Frisch W. Slab in the wrong place: lower lithospheric mantle delamination in the last stage of the Eastern Carpathian subduction retreat. Geology 1998, 26:611-614.
56. Goes S., Govers R., Vacher P. Shallow mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:11,153-11,169.
57. Gorshkov A.I., Kuznetsov I.V., Panza G.F., Soloviev A.A. Identification of future earthquake sources in the Carpatho-Balkan orogenic belt using morphostructural criteria. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2000, 157:79-95.
58. Grecu B., Radulian M., Mandrescu N., Panza G.F. H/V spectral ratios technique applications in the city of Bucharest: can we get rid of source effect?. Journal of Japanese Society for Engineering Education 2007, 9(1-2):1-14.
59. Green H.W., Burnley P.C. A new self-organizing mechanism for deep-focus earthquakes. Nature 1989, 341:733-737.
60. Green D.H., Falloon T.J. Pyrolite: a Ringwood concept and its current expression. The Earth's Mantle 1998, 311-378. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. I. Jackson (Ed.).
61. Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., Ryan C.G., Gaul O., Ionov D.A. Secular variation in the composition of subcontinental lithospheric mantle: geophysical and geodynamic implications. American Geophysical Union, Geodynamics Series 1998, 26:1-26. J. Braun (Ed.).
62. Griggs D.T., Baker D.W. The origin of deep-focus earthquakes. Properties of Matter Under Unusual Conditions 1969, 23-42. Wiley, New York. H. Mark, S. Fernbach (Eds.).
63. Gröger H.R., Fugenschuh B., Tischler M., Schmid S.M., Foeken J.P.T. Tertiary cooling and exhumation history in the Maramures area (internal eastern Carpathians, northern Romania): thermochronology and structural data. Geological Society of London. Special Publication 2008, 298:169-195.
64. Gusev A., Radulian M., Rizescu M., Panza G.F. Source scaling of intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes. Geophysical Journal International 2002, 151:879-889.
65. Gutenberg B., Richter C.F. Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena 1954, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., (310pp.).
66. Gvirtzman Z. Partial detachment of a lithospheric root under the southeast Carpathians: toward a better definition of the detachment concept. Geology 2002, 30(1):51-54.
67. Hacker B.R., Peacock S.M., Abers G.A., Holloway S.D. Subduction factory. 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions?. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108:2030. 10.1029/2001JB001129.
68. Hackney R., Martin M., Ismail-Zadeh A., Sperner B., Ioane D. The gravity effect of the subducted slab beneath the Vrancea region, Romania. Geologica Carpathica 2002, 53:119-121. CALIXTO Working Group.
69. Handy M.R., Schmid S.M., Bousquet R., Kissling E., Bernoulli D. Reconciling plate-tectonic reconstructions of Alpine Tethys with the geological-geophysical record of spreading and subduction in the Alps. Earth-Science Reviews 2010, 102:121-158.
70. Harangi S., Lenkey L. Genesis of the Neogene to Quaternary volcanism in the Carpathian-Pannonian region: role of subduction, extension, and mantle plume. Geological Society of America Special Papers 2007, 418:67-92.
71. Hauser F., Raileanu V., Fielitz W., Bala A., Prodehl C., Polonic G., Schulze A. VRANCEA99 - the crustal structure beneath the southeastern Carpathians and the Moesian Platform from a seismic refraction profile in Romania. Tectonophysics 2001, 340:233-256.
72. Hauser F., Raileanu V., Fielitz W., Dinu C., Landes M., Bala A., Prodehl C. Seismic crustal structure between the Transylvanian Basin and the Black Sea, Romania. Tectonophysics 2007, 430:1-25.
73. Hettel S., Regenauer-Lieb K., Sperner B., Wenzel F. Last signal of a fading slab: data, constraints, and FE-modelling of Vrancea (SE-Romania). EOS. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 2000, 81(48):F1090.
74. Horváth F., Bada G., Szafian P., Tari G., Adam A., Cloetingh S. Formation and deformation of the Pannonian Basin: constraints from observational data. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 2006, 32:191-206.
75. Houseman G.A., Gemmer L. Intra-orogenic extension driven by gravitational instability: Carpathian-Pannonian orogeny. Geology 2007, 35:1135-1138.
76. Ioane D., Atanasiu L. Gravimetric geoids and geophysical significances in Romania. Reports on Geodesy 1998, 7:157-175. Institute of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. D. Ioane (Ed.).
77. Ismail-Zadeh A.T. Modelling of stress and seismicity in the south-eastern Carpathians: basis for seismic risk estimation. Risk Science and Sustainability 2003, 149-162. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. T. Beer, A.T. Ismail-Zadeh (Eds.).
78. Ismail-Zadeh A., Tackley P. Computational Methods for Geodynamics 2010, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (332pp.).
79. Ismail-Zadeh A.T., Keilis-Borok V.I., Soloviev A.A. Numerical modelling of earthquake flows in the southeastern Carpathians (Vrancea): effect of a sinking slab. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1999, 111:267-274.
80. Ismail-Zadeh A.T., Panza G.F., Naimark B.M. Stress in the descending relic slab beneath the Vrancea region, Romania. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2000, 157:111-130.
81. Ismail-Zadeh A., Schubert G., Tsepelev I., Korotkii A. Inverse problem of thermal convection: numerical approach and application to mantle plume restoration. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2004, 145:99-114.
82. Ismail-Zadeh A., Mueller B., Schubert G. Three-dimensional modeling of present-day tectonic stress beneath the earthquake-prone southeastern Carpathians based on integrated analysis of seismic, heat flow, and gravity observations. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2005, 149:81-98.
83. Ismail-Zadeh A., Mueller B., Wenzel F. Modelling of descending slab evolution beneath the SE-Carpathians: implications for seismicity. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 2005, vol. 105:205-226. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. F. Wenzel (Ed.).
84. Ismail-Zadeh A., Schubert G., Tsepelev I., Korotkii A. Three-dimensional forward and backward numerical modeling of mantle plume evolution: effects of thermal diffusion. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B06401. 10.1029/2005JB003782.
85. Ismail-Zadeh A., Korotkii A., Schubert G., Tsepelev I. Quasi-reversibility method for data assimilation in models of mantle dynamics. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 170:1381-1398.
86. Ismail-Zadeh A., Sokolov V., Bonier K. Geodynamics, seismicity and seismic hazard of the south-eastern Carpathians. Natural Hazards 2007, 42:493-514.
87. Ismail-Zadeh A., Schubert G., Tsepelev I., Korotkii A. Thermal evolution and geometry of the descending lithosphere beneath the SE-Carpathians: an insight from the past. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 273:68-79.
88. Ivan M. Short-period Qpp-p in Vrancea area - Romania. Journal of Balkan Geophysical Society 2003, 6(1):46-52.
89. Ivan M. Attenuation of P and pP waves in Vrancea area - Romania. Journal of Seismology 2007, 11:73-85.
90. Ivan M. Crustal thickness in Vrancea area, Romania from S to P converted waves. Journal of Seismology 2011, 10.1007/s10950-010-9225-4.
91. Ivan I.A., Enescu B.D., Pantea A. Input for seismic hazard assessment using Vrancea source region. Romanian Journal of Physics 1998, 43:619-636.
92. Ivan M., Popa M., Ghica D. SKS splitting observed at Romanian broad-band seismic network. Tectonophysics 2008, 462:89-98.
93. Jordan T.H. Mineralogies, densities and seismic velocities of garnet lherzolites and their geophysical implications. The Mantle Sample: Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics 1979, 1-14. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C. F.R. Boyd, H.O.A. Meyer (Eds.).
94. Karato S.-I. Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography. Geophysical Research Letters 1993, 20:1623-1626.
95. Karato S.-I. Mapping water content in the upper mantle. American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 2003, 138:135-152. (Washington, D.C). J. Eiler, M. Hirschmann (Eds.).
96. Keilis-Borok V.I., Kossobokov V.G. Premonitory activation of earthquake flow: algorithm M8. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1990, 61:73-83.
97. Keilis-Borok V.I., Rotwain I.M. Diagnosis of time of increased probability of strong earthquakes in different regions of the world: algorithm CN. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1990, 61:57-72.
98. Khalturin V., Rautian T., Molnar P. The spectral content of Pamir Hindu Kush earthquakes: evidence of high-Q zone in the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 1977, 82:2931-2943.
99. Knapp J.H., Knapp C.C., Raileanu V., Matenco L., Mocanu V., Dinu C. Crustal constraints on the origin of mantle seismicity in the Vrancea Zone, Romania: the case for active continental lithospheric delamination. Tectonophysics 2005, 410:311-323.
100. Kouteva-Guentcheva M. Estimates of some ground motion parameters, related to the damage potential of strong intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 2010, 45(3):356-371.
101. Kouteva-Guentcheva M., Paskaleva I., Panza G.F. Earthquake source and local geology effects on the seismic site response. Coupled Site and Soil-Structure Interaction Effects with Application to Seismic Risk Mitigation 2009, 33-42. Springer. T. Schanz, R. Iankov (Eds.).
102. Krasovsky S.S. Gravity Modeling of Deep-Seated Crustal Features and Isostasy (in Russian) 1989, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, (268pp.).
103. Kräutner H.G., Bindea G. Structural units in the pre-Alpine basement of the Eastern Carpathians. Geologica Carpathica 2002, 53:143-146.
104. Kräutner H.G., Krstic B. Geological Map of the Carpatho-Balkanides Between Oravita-Nis and Sofia 2003, Geoinstitut, Belgrade.
105. Krézsek C., Bally A.W. The Transylvanian Basin (Romania) and its relation to the Carpathian fold and thrust belt: Insights in gravitational salt tectonics. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2006, 23:405-442.
106. Krézsek C., Filipescu S., Silye L., Matenco L., Doust H. Miocene facies associations and sedimentary evolution of the Southern Transylvanian Basin (Romania): implications for hydrocarbon exploration. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2010, 27:191-214.
107. Kulakov I., Zaharia B., Enescu B., Radulian M., Popa M., Parolai S., Zschau J. Delamination or slab detachment beneath Vrancea? New arguments from local earthquake tomography. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2010, 11(3):Q03002. 10.1029/2009GC002811.
108. Landes M., Fielitz W., Hauser F., Popa M., Group C. 3-D upper-crustal tomographic structure across the Vrancea seismic zone, Romania. Tectonophysics 2004, 382:85-102.
109. Leever K.A., Matenco L., Bertotti G., Cloetingh S., Drijkoningen G.G. Late orogenic vertical movements in the Carpathian Bend Zone - seismic constraints on the transition zone from orogen to foredeep. Basin Research 2006, 18:521-545.
110. Leever K.A., Matenco L., Rabagia T., Cloetingh S., Krijgsman W., Stoica M. Messinian sea level fall in the Dacic Basin (Eastern Paratethys): palaeogeographical implications from seismic sequence stratigraphy. Terra Nova 2010, 22:12-17.
111. Linzer H.-G. Kinematics of retreating subduction along the Carpathian arc, Romania. Geology 1996, 24:167-170.
112. Lorinczi P., Houseman G.A. Lithospheric gravitational instability beneath the southeast Carpathians. Tectonophysics 2009, 474:322-336.
113. Ludwig W.J., Nafe J.E., Drake C.L. Seismic refraction. New Concepts of Sea Floor Evolution 1970, 53-84. Wiley-Interscience, New York. A.E. Maxwell (Ed.).
114. Lungu D., Demetriu S., Radu C., Coman O. Uniform hazard response spectra for Vrancea earthquakes in Romania. Proc. 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam 1995, 365-370.
115. Lungu D., Cornea T., Nedelcu C. Hazard assessment and site dependent response for Vrancea earthquakes. Vrancea Earthquakes: Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation 1999, 251-267. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. F. Wenzel, D. Lungu, O. Novak (Eds.).
116. Mandrescu N. Geological hazard evaluation in Romania. Engineering Geology 1984, 20:39-47.
117. Mandrescu N., Radulian M. Macroseismic field of the Romanian intermediate-depth earthquakes. Vrancea Earthquakes: Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation 1999, 163-174. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. F. Wenzel, D. Lungu, O. Novak (Eds.).
118. Mandrescu N., Anghel M., Smalbergher V. The Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquakes and the peculiarities of the seismic intensity distribution over the Romanian territory. Studii si Cercetari de Geofizica et Geografica Geofizica 1988, 26:51-57.
119. Manea V.C., Manea M. Thermally induced stressed beneath the Vrancea area. Integrated Research on the Intermediate-Depth Earthquake Genesis Within Vrancea Zone 2009, 172-183. Vergiliu, Bucharest. L. Besutiu (Ed.).
120. Mantyniemi P., Marza V.I., Kijko A., Retief P. A new probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for the Vrancea (Romania) seismogenic zone. Natural Hazards 2003, 29:371-385.
121. Martin M. High resolution teleseismic P-wave tomography for SE-Romania. Geophysical Research Abstract 2003, 5:10512. the CALIXTO working group.
122. Martin M., Ritter J.R.R. High-resolution teleseismic body-wave tomography beneath SE Romania - I. Implications for three-dimensional versus one-dimensional crustal correction strategies with a new crustal velocity model. Geophysical Journal International 2005, 162:448-460. the CALIXTO working group.
123. Martin M., Wenzel F. High-resolution teleseismic body wave tomography beneath SE-Romania - II. Imaging of a slab detachment scenario. Geophysical Journal International 2006, 164:579-595. the CALIXTO working group.
124. Marza V.I., Pantea A.I. Probabilistic estimation of seismic intensity attenuation for Vrancea (Romania) subcrustal sources. Proceedings of the XXIV General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission, Athens, Greece, vol. III 1994, 1752-1761.
125. Mason P.R.D., Seghedi I., Szakacs A., Downes H. Magmatic constraints on geodynamic models of subduction in the East Carpathians, Romania. Tectonophysics 1998, 297:157-176.
126. Matenco L., Bertotti G. Tertiary tectonic evolution of the external East Carpathians (Romania). Tectonophysics 2000, 316:255-286.
127. Matenco L., Bertotti G., Dinu C., Cloetingh S. Tertiary tectonic evolution of the external South Carpathians and the adjacent Moesian platform (Romania). Tectonics 1997, 16:896-911.
128. Matenco L., Bertotti G., Cloetingh S., Dinu C. Subsidence analysis and tectonic evolution of the external Carpathian-Moesian Platform region during Neogene times. Sedimentary Geology 2003, 156:71-94.
129. Matenco L., Bertotti G., Leever K., Cloetingh S., Schmid S., Tǎrǎpoancǎ M., Dinu C. Large-scale deformation in a locked collisional boundary: Interplay between subsidence and uplift, intraplate stress, and inherited lithospheric structure in the late stage of the SE Carpathians evolution. Tectonics 2007, 26:TC4011. 10.1029/2006TC001951.
130. Matenco L., Krézsek C., Merten S., Schmid S., Cloetingh S., Andriessen P. Characteristics of collisional orogens with low topographic build-up: an example from the Carpathians. Terra Nova 2010, 22:155-165.
131. McKenzie D.P. Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 1972, 30:109-185.
132. Mellors R.J., Pavlis G.L., Hamburger M.W., Al-Shukri H.J., Lukk A.A. Evidence for a high-velocity slab associated with the Hindu Kush seismic zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:4067-4078.
133. Merten S., Matenco L., Foeken J.P.T., Stuart F.M., Andriessen P.A.M. From nappe stacking to out-of-sequence postcollisional deformations: Cretaceous to Quaternary exhumation history of the SE Carpathians assessed by low-temperature thermochronology. Tectonics 2010, 29:TC3013.
134. Meulenkamp J.E., Kovac M., Cicha I. On Late Oligocene to Pliocene depocentre migrations and the evolution of the Carpathian-Pannonian system. Tectonophysics 1996, 266:301-317.
135. Michard A., Chaoluan A., Feinberg H., Goffe B., Montigny R. How does the Alpine belt end between Spain and Morocco?. Bulletin De La Societe Geologique De France 2002, 173:3-15.
136. Miclaus C., Loiacono F., Puglisi D., Baciu D. Eocene-Oligocene sedimentation in the external areas of the Moldavide basin (Marginal Folds Nappe, Eastern Carpathians, Romania): sedimentological, paleontological and petrographic approaches. Geologica Carpathica 2009, 60:397-417.
137. Molchan G.M., Kronrod T.L., Panza G.F. Shape of empirical and synthetic isoseismals: comparison for Italian M<=6 earthquakes. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2004, 161:1725-1747.
138. Moldovan I.-A., Enescu B.D., Ionescu C. Predicting peak ground horizontal acceleration for Vrancea large earthquakes using attenuation relations for moderate shocks. Romanian Journal of Physics 2000, 45:785-800.
139. Moldoveanu C.L., Panza G.F. Modelling for microzonation purposes of the seismic ground motion in Bucharest, due to the Vrancea earthquake of May 30, 1990. Vrancea Earthquakes: Tectonics, Hazard, and Risk Mitigation 1999, 85-97. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. F. Wenzel, D. Lungu, O. Novak (Eds.).
140. Moldoveanu C.L., Panza G.F. Vrancea source influence on local seismic response in Bucharest. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2001, 158:2407-2429.
141. Moldoveanu C.L., Marmureanu G., Panza G.F., Vaccari F. Estimation of site effects in Bucharest caused by the May 30-31, 1990, Vrancea seismic events. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2000, 157:249-267.
142. Morley C.K. Models for relative motion of crustal blocks within the Carpathian region, based on restorations of the outer Carpathian thrust sheets. Tectonics 1996, 15:885-904.
143. Morra G., Regenauer-Lieb K., Giardini D. Curvature of oceanic arcs. Geology 2006, 34:877-880.
144. Mueller S., Panza G.F. Evidence of a deep-reaching lithospheric root under the Alpine Arc. The Origin of Arcs 1986, 93-113. Elsevier, Amsterdam. F.C. Wezel (Ed.).
145. Müller B., Heidbach O., Negut M., Sperner B., Buchmann T. Attached or not attached - evidence from crustal stress observations for a weak coupling of the Vrancea slab in Romania. Tectonophysics 2010, 482:139-149.
146. Musson R.M.W. Generalised seismic hazard maps for the Pannonian Basin using probabilistic methods. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2000, 157:147-169.
147. Naimark B.M., Ismail-Zadeh A.T., Jacoby W.R. Numerical approach to problems of gravitational instability of geostructures with advected material boundaries. Geophysical Journal International 1998, 134:473-483.
148. Necea, D., 2010. High-resolution morpho-tectonic profiling across an orogen: tectonic-controled geomorphology and multiple dating approach in the SE Carpathians. PhD Thesis, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 147 pp.
149. Nelson K.D. A unified view of craton evolution motivated by recent deep seismic reflection and refraction results. Geophysical Journal International 1991, 105:25-35.
150. Niu Y. Mantle melting and melt extraction processes beneath ocean ridges: evidence from abyssal peridotites. Journal of Petrology 1997, 38:1047-1074.
151. Novikova O.V., Vorobieva I.A., Enescu D., Radulian M., Kuznetsov I., Panza G.F. Prediction of the strong earthquakes in Vrancea, Romania, using the CN algorithm. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1996, 147:99-118.
152. Oncescu M.C. Deep structure of the Vrancea region, Romania, inferred from simultaneous inversion for hypocentres and 3-D velocity structure. Annales Geophysicae 1984, 2:23-28.
153. Oncescu M.C. Investigation of a high stress drop earthquake on August 30, 1986 in the Vrancea region. Tectonophysics 1989, 163:35-43.
154. Oncescu M.C., Bonjer K.P. A note on the depth recurrence and strain release of large Vrancea earthquakes. Tectonophysics 1997, 272:291-302.
155. Oncescu M.C., Trifu C.I. Depth variation of moment tensor principal axes in Vrancea (Romania) seismic region. Annales Geophysicae 1987, 5:149-154.
156. Oncescu M.C., Bonjer K.P., Rizescu M. Weak and strong ground motion of intermediate depth earthquakes from the Vrancea region. Vrancea Earthquakes: Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation 1999, 27-42. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. F. Wenzel, D. Lungu, O. Novak (Eds.).
157. Oncescu M., Mârza V., Rizescu M., Popa M. The Romanian earthquake catalogue between 984-1997. Vrancea earthquakes: tectonics, hazard and risk mitigation 1999, 43-47. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. F. Wenzel, D. Lungu, O. Novak (Eds.).
158. Oth A., Parolai S., Bindi D., Wenzel F. Source spectra and site response from S-waves of intermediate-depth Vrancea, Romania, earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2009, 99(1):235-254.
159. Pana D., Erdmer P. Kinematics of retreating subduction along the Carpathian arc, Romania: Comment. Geology 1996, 24:862-863.
160. Pana D., Morris G.A. Slab in the wrong place: lower lithospheric mantle delamination in the last stage of the Eastern Carpathian subduction retreat: comment. Geology 1999, 27:665-666.
161. Panea I., Stephenson R., Knapp C., Mocanu V., Drijkoningen G., Matenco L., Knapp J., Prodehl K. Near-vertical seismic reflection image using a novel acquisition technique across the Vrancea zone and Focsani Basin, south-eastern Carpathians (Romania). Tectonophysics 2005, 410:293-309.
162. Panza G.F. Synthetic seismograms: the Rayleigh waves modal summation. Journal of Geophysics 1985, 58:125-145.
163. Panza G.F., Cioflan C. Vrancea earthquakes: a special challenge for seismic isolation in Bucharest. Modern Systems for Mitigation of Seismic Action 2008, 339-355. AGIR. U. Sannino, H. Sandi, A. Martelli, I. Vlad (Eds.).
164. Panza G.F., Kouteva M. Earth sciences contribution to the sustainable development of ground transportation systems: relevant case studies in Central Europe. Geodynamics of Central Europe and transportation. Risk Science and Sustainability 2003, 127-148. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. T. Beer, A. Ismail-Zadeh (Eds.).
165. Panza G.F., Soloviev A.A., Vorobieva I.A. Numerical modelling of block-structure dynamics: application to the Vrancea region. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1997, 149:313-336.
166. Panza G.F., Romanelli F., Vaccari F. Seismic wave propagation in laterally heterogeneous anelastic media: theory and applications to seismic zonation. Advances in Geophysics 2001, 43:1-95.
167. Panza G.F., Romanelli F., Vaccari F., Decanini L., Mollaioli F. Innovative global assessment of the seismic hazard for Vrancea seismicity. Revue Roumaine de Geophysique 2002, 46:17-38.
168. Panza G.F., Peccerillo A., Aoudia A., Farina B. Geophysical and petrological modeling of the structure and composition of the crust and upper mantle in complex geodynamic settings: the Tyrrhenian Sea and surroundings. Earth-Science Reviews 2007, 80:1-46.
169. Panza G.F., Kouteva M., Vaccari F., Peresan A., Cioflan C.O., Romanelli F., Paskaleva I., Radulian M., Gribovszki K., Herak M., Zaichenco A., Marmureanu G., Varga P., Zivcic M. Recent achievements of the neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment in the CEI region. American Institute of Physics 2008, 1020:402-409. A. Santini, N. Moraci (Eds.).
170. Panza G.F., Radulian M., Kronrod T., Paskaleva I., Radovanovic S.I., Popa M., Drumea A., Gribovszki K., Dojchinovski D., Kouteva M., Varga P., Pekevski L. Integrated unified mapping of the Vrancea macroseismic data for the CEI region. CD: 14th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia 30.08.2010-03.09.2010 2010, (paper 301).
171. Advanced Seismic Hazard Assessment. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2011, 168. 10.1007/s00024-010-0179-9. G.F. Panza, K. Irikura, M. Kouteva, A. Peresan, Z. Wang, R. Saragoni (Eds.).
172. Paskaleva I., Kouteva M., Vaccari F., Panza G.F. Characterization of the elastic displacement demand: case study Sofia city. Proceedings of the 50th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. San Diego, California, 24-29 May 2010 2010, (Paper 6.06b).
173. Pinna E., Soare A., Stanica D., Stanica M. Carpathian conducti6ity anomaly and its relation to deep substratum structure. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 1992, 27:35-45.
174. Popa M., Radulian M., Grecu B., Popescu E., Placinta A.O. Attenuation in Southeastern Carpathians area: result of upper mantle inhomogeneity. Tectonophysics 2005, 410:235-249.
175. Popescu E., Radulian M. Source characteristics of the seismic sequences in the Eastern Carpathians foredeep region (Romania). Tectonophysics 2001, 338:325-337.
176. Popescu E., Radulian M. Fractal characteristics of time, space and size distributions of the Banat earthquake sequences occurred in 1991. Romanian Journal of Physics 2001, 46:485-498.
177. Press F., Allen C. Pattern of seismic release in the southern California region. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:6421-6430.
178. Rabagia T., Matenco L., Cloetingh S. The interplay between eustacy, tectonics and surface processes during the growth of a fault-related structure as derived from sequence stratigraphy: the Govora-Ocnele Mari antiform, South Carpathians. Tectonophysics 2011, 502:196-220.
179. Radu C. Catalogue of strong earthquakes occurred on the Romanian territory. Part I. - before 1901; part II - 1901-1979 (in Romanian). Seismological Studies on the March 4, 1977 Earthquake, Bucharest, Romanian 1979, 723-752. I. Cornea, C. Radu (Eds.).
180. Radu C. Strong earthquakes occurred on the Romanian territory in the period 1901-1990 (in Romanian). Vitralii 1991, 3:12-13.
181. Radu C., Toro E. Two strong historical earthquakes in Transylvania (Romania): November 19, 1523 and October 3, 1880. Annali di Geofisica 1996, 39(5):1069-1078.
182. Radulian M., Mandrescu M.N., Popescu E., Utale A., Panza G.F. Seismic activity and stress field in Romania. Romanian Journal of Physics 1999, 44:1051-1069.
183. Radulian M., Vaccari F., Mandrescu N., Panza G.F., Moldoveanu C.L. Seismic hazard of Romania: deterministic approach. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2000, 157:221-247.
184. Radulian M., Popescu E., Bala A., Utale A. Catalog of fault plane solutions for the earthquakes occurred on the Romanian territory. Romanian Journal of Physics 2002, 47:663-685.
185. Radulian M., Popa M., Grecu B., Popescu E., Panza G.F. Seismic hazard of Romania due to Vrancea earthquakes - how asymmetric is the strong ground motion distribution. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 2004, 39(2-3):309-318.
186. Radulian M., Panza G.F., Popa M., Grecu B. Seismic wave attenuation for Vrancea events revisited. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2006, 10(3):411-427.
187. Radulian M., Bonjer K.-P., Popescu E., Popa M., Ionescu C., Grecu B. The October 27th, 2004 Vrancea (Romania) earthquake. ORFEUS Newsletter 2007, 1:7.
188. Radulian M., Popa M., Carbunar O., Rogozea M. Seismicity patterns in Vrancea and predictive features. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 2008, 43(2-3):163-173.
189. Raileanu V., Bala A., Hauser F., Prodehl C., Fielitz W. Crustal properties from S wave and gravity data along a seismic refraction profile in Romania. Tectonophysics 2005, 410:251-272.
190. Raleigh C.B., Paterson M.S. Experimental deformation of serpentine and its tectonic consequences. Journal of Geophysical Research 1965, 70:3965-3985.
191. Raykova R.B., Panza G.F. Surface waves tomography and non/linear inversion in the southeast Carpathians. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2006, 157:164-180.
192. Romanelli F., Bing Z., Vaccari F., Panza G.F. Analytical computations of reflection and transmission coupling coefficients for Love waves. Geophysical Journal International 1996, 125:132-138.
193. Romanowicz B. Global mantle tomography: progress status in the past 10 years. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2003, 31:303-328.
194. Romashkova L.L., Kossobokov V.G. Analysis of the seismic catalogues for the Vrancea region, Romania. Internal Report IC/IR/2005/018 of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy 2005, (17pp.).
195. Royden L.H. Late Cenozoic tectonics of the Pannonian basin system. American Association of Petroleum Geology Memoir 1988, 45:27-48.
196. Royden L.H. Evolution of retreating subduction boundaries formed during continental collision. Tectonics 1993, 12:629-638.
197. Russo R.M., Mocanu V.I. Source-side shear wave splitting and upper mantle flow in the Romanian Carpathians and surroundings. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2009, 287:205-216.
198. Russo R.M., Mocanu V., Radulian M., Popa M., Bonjer K.-P. Seismic attenuation in the Carpathian bend zone and surroundings. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 237:695-709.
199. Sanders, C., 1998. Tectonics and erosion, competitive forces in a compressive orogen: a fission track study of the Romanian Carpathians. PhD Thesis, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 204 pp.
200. Sanders C., Andriessen P., Cloetingh S. Life cycle of the East Carpathian Orogen: erosion history of a doubly vergent critical wedge assessed by fission track thermochronology. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104(095-29):112.
201. Sǎndulescu M. Cenozoic tectonic history of the Carpathians. AAPG Memoir 1988, 45:17-25. L.H. Royden, F. Horváth (Eds.).
202. Sǎndulescu M., Visarion M. La structure des plate-formes situées dans l'avant-pays et au-dessous des nappes du flysch des Carpathes orientales. St. tehn. econ. Geofiz. 1988, 15:62-67.
203. Schmid S.M., Berza T., Diaconescu V., Froitzheim N., Fuegenschuh B. Orogen-parallel extension in the South Carpathians during the Paleogene. Tectonophysics 1998, 297:209-228.
204. Schmid S., Bernoulli D., Fügenschuh B., Matenco L., Schefer S., Schuster R., Tischler M., Ustaszewski K. The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 2008, 101:139-183.
205. Schmidt S., Götze H.-J. Interactive visualization and modification of 3D-models using GIS-functions. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 1998, 23(3):289-295.
206. Schmitt G., Nuckelt A., Knöpfler A., Marcu C. Three dimensional plate kinematics in Romania. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Strong Vrancea Earthquakes and Risk Mitigation, October 4-6, 2007, Bucharest, Romania 2007, 34-45.
207. Schuster G.T. Seismic Interferometry 2009, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (274pp.).
208. Seber D., Barazangi M., Ibenbrahim A., Demnati A. Geophysical evidence for lithospheric delamination beneath the Alboran Sea and Rif-Betic mountains. Nature 1996, 379:785-790.
209. Seghedi A. The North Dobrogea orogenic belt (Romania); a review. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 2001, 186:237-257. Ed. du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, (2001). P.A. Ziegler, W. Cavazza, A.F. Robertson, S. Crasquin-Soleau (Eds.).
210. Seghedi I., Balintoni I., Szakacz A. Interplay of tectonics and neogene post-collisional magmatism in the intracarpathian region. Lithos 1998, 45:483-497.
211. Seghedi I., Downes H., Szakács A., Mason P.R.D., Thirlwall M.F., Rou E., Pécskay Z., Márton E., Panaiotu C. Neogene-Quaternary magmatism and geodynamics in the Carpathian-Pannonian region: a synthesis. Lithos 2004, 72:117-146.
212. Seghedi I., Matenco L., Downes H., Mason P.R.D., Szakács A., Pécskay Z. Tectonic significance of changes in post-subduction Pliocene-Quaternary magmatism in the south east part of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region. Tectonophysics 2011, 502:146-157.
213. Shapiro N.M., Campillo M. Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L07614. 10.1029/2004GL019491.
214. Smith G.P., Wiens D.A., Fischer K.M., Dorman L.M., Webb S.C., Hildebrand J.A. A complex pattern of mantle flow in the Lau backarc. Science 2001, 292:713-716.
215. Sokolov V.Y., Bonjer K.-P., Rizescu M. Assessment of site effect in Romania during intermediate depth Vrancea earthquakes using different techniques. Earthquake Hazard, Risk, and Strong Ground Motion 2004, 295-322. Seismological Press, Beijing. Y.T. Chen (Ed.).
216. Sokolov V.Y., Bonjer K.-P., Wenzel F. Accounting for site effect in probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard for Romania and Bucharest: a case of deep seismicity in Vrancea. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 2004, 24:929-947.
217. Sokolov V.Y., Bonjer K.-P., Oncescu M., Rizescu M. Hard rock spectral models for intermediate-depth Vrancea (Romania) earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2005, 95:1749-1765.
218. Soloviev A.A., Ismail-Zadeh A.T. Models of dynamics of block-and-fault systems. Nonlinear Dynamics of the Lithosphere and Earthquake Prediction 2003, 69-138. Springer, Heidelberg. V.I. Keilis-Borok, A.A. Soloviev (Eds.).
219. Soloviev A.A., Vorobieva I.A., Panza G.F. Modelling of block-structure dynamics: parametric study for Vrancea. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1999, 156:395-420.
220. Soloviev A.A., Vorobieva I.A., Panza G.F. Modelling of block structure dynamics for the Vrancea region: source mechanisms of the synthetic earthquakes. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2000, 157:97-110.
221. Sperner B. Monitoring of slab detachment in the Carpathians. Challenges for Earth Sciences in the 21st Century 2005, 187-202. the CRC 461 Team, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. F. Wenzel (Ed.).
222. Sperner B., Lorenz F., Bonjer K., Hettel S., Müller B., Wenzel F. Slab break-off - abrupt cut or gradual detachment? New insights from the Vrancea region (SE Carpathians, Romania). Terra Nova 2001, 13:172-179.
223. Sperner B., Ioane D., Lilly R.J. Slab behavior and its surface expression: new insights from gravity modeling in the SE-Carpathians. Tectonophysics 2004, 382:51-84.
224. Stanica D., Stanica M. An electrical resistivity lithospheric model in the Carpathian orogen from Romania. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1993, 81:99-105.
225. Stanica D., Stanica D.A. Constraints on correlation between the anomalous behaviour of electromagnetic normalized functions (ENF) and the intermediate depth seismic events occurred in Vrancea zone (Romania). Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 2010, 21(4):675-683.
226. Stephenson R.A., Yegorova T., Brunet M.F., Stovba S., Wilson M., Starostenko V., Saintot A., Kusznir N. Late Palaeozoic intra- and pericratonic basins on the East European Craton and its margins. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 2006, 32:463-479.
227. Sudhaus H., Ritter J.R.R. High-resolution measurement of the seismic attenuation across the Vrancea region, Romania. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32:L10301. 10.1029/2004GL022148.
228. Szafián P., Horváth H. Crustal structure in the Carpatho-Pannonian region: insights from three-dimensional gravity modelling and their geodynamic significance. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2006, 95:50-67.
229. Tǎrǎpoancǎ M., Bertotti G., Matenco L., Dinu C., Cloetingh S. Architecture of the Focsani depression: a 13km deep basin in the Carpathians bend zone (Romania). Tectonics 2003, 22/6:1074. 10.1029/2002TC001486.
230. Tǎrǎpoancǎ M., Carcia-Catellanos D., Bertotti G., Matenco L., Cloetingh S.A.P.L., Dinu C. Role of the 3-D distributions of load and lithospheric strength in orogenic arcs: polystage subsidence in the Carpathians foredeep. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 221:163-180.
231. Tari G., Horváth F., Rumpler J. Styles of extension in the Pannonian basin. Tectonophysics 1992, 208:203-219.
232. Tari G., Dovenyi P., Dunkl I., Horváth F., Lenkey L., Stefanescu M., Szafian P., Toth T. Lithospheric structure of the Pannonian basin derived from seismic, gravity and geothermal data. Geol Soc London Spec Publ 1999, 156:215-250. B. Durand, L. Jolivet, F. Horváth, M. Serrane (Eds.).
233. Tischler M., Matenco L., Filipescu S., Groger H.R., Wetzel A., Fugenschuh B. Tectonics and sedimentation during convergence of the ALCAPA and Tisza-Dacia continental blocks: the Pienide nappe emplacement and its foredeep (N. Romania). Geological Society of London. Special Publication 2008, 298:317-334.
234. Tondi R., Achauer U., Landes M., Daví R., Besutiu L. Unveiling seismic and density structure beneath the Vrancea seismogenic zone, Romania. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114:B11307. 10.1029/2008JB005992.
235. Trifu C.I., Radulian M. Frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes in Vrancea: relevance for a discrete model. Journal of Geophysical Research 1991, 96:4301-4311.
236. Tumanian M. Thermal models simulating the tectonic processes in the extra-Carpathian area (on the Romanian territory). Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 2008, 43:183-194.
237. Ulmer P., Trommsdorff V. Serpentine stability to mantle depths and subduction-related magmatism. Science 1995, 268:858-861.
238. Ustaszewski K., Schmid S., Fügenschuh B., Tischler M., Kissling E., Spakman W. A map-view restoration of the Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic system for the Early Miocene. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 2008, 101:273-294.
239. Ustaszewski K., Kounov A., Schmid S.M., Schaltegger U., Krenn E., Frank W., Fügenschuh B. Evolution of the Adria-Europe plate boundary in the northern Dinarides: from continent-continent collision to back-arc extension. Tectonics 2010, 29:TC6017. 10.1029/2010tc002668.
240. Van der Hoeven A.G.A., Mocanu V., Spakman W., Nutto M., Nuckelt A., Matenco L., Munteanu L., Marcu C., Ambrosius B.A.C. Observation of present-day tectonic motions in the Southeastern Carpathians: results of the ISES/CRC-461 GPS measurements. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 239:177-184.
241. Van Hunen J., Allen M.B. Continental collision and slab break-off: a comparison of 3-D numerical models with observations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 302:27-37.
242. Vinnik L.P. Detection of waves converted from P to SV in the mantle. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1977, 15:39-45.
243. Waldhauser F., Lippitsch R., Kissling E., Ansorge J. High-resolution teleseismic tomography of upper-mantle structure using an a priori three-dimensional crustal model. Geophysical Journal International 2002, 150:403-414.
244. Ward S.N. A multidisciplinary approach to seismic hazard in Southern California. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1994, 84(5):1293-1309.
245. * - an unsuitable parameter for anelastic attenuation in the Eastern Carpathians. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 170:1139-1150.
246. Wenzel F., Lorenz F.P., Sperner B., Oncescu M.C. Seismotectonics of the Romanian Vrancea area. Vrancea Earthquakes: Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation 1999, 15-25. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. F. Wenzel, D. Lungu, O. Novak (Eds.).
247. Wirth W., Wenzel F., Sokolov V., Bonjer K.-P. A uniform approach to urban seismic effect analysis. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 2003, 23:735-758.
248. Wortel M.J.R., Spakman W. Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian region. Science 2000, 290:1910-1917.
249. Zarifi Z., Havskov J., Hanyga A. An insight into the Bucaramanga nest. Tectonophysics 2007, 443:93-105.