Fire behavior and smoke emission of phosphate-based inorganic fire-retarded polyester resin

Fire and Materials

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 203-215

  Ricciardi, M R ^a   Antonucci, V ^a,b   Zarrelli, M ^a   Giordano, M ^a,b  

^a CNR   (Italy)

^b IMAST Technological District on Polymeric and Composite Materials Engineering   (Italy)

Author keywords

ammonium polyphosphate; fire behavior; melamine pyrophosphate; unsaturated polyester

Indexed keywords

ACTION MECHANISMS; AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATES; CALORIMETRIC TEST; CONCENTRATION LEVELS; FIRE BEHAVIOR; FIRE-RETARDANT MATERIALS; SMOKE EMISSION; SMOKE SUPPRESSANT PROPERTIES; UNSATURATED POLYESTER; UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN;

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; FIRES; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESINS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; PHOSPHORUS; POLYESTER RESINS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

SMOKE;

EID: 84858077172     PISSN: 03080501     EISSN: 10991018     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/fam.1101     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Atkinson PA, Haines PJ, Skinner GA, Lever TJ,. Studies of fire-retardant polyester thermoset using thermal methods. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2000; 59: 395-408. (Pubitemid 30594436)
2. Mortaigne B, Bourbigot S, Le Bras M, Cordellier G, Baudry A, Dufay J,. Fire behaviour related to the thermal degradation of unsaturated polyesters. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1999; 64: 443-448.
3. Atkinson (nee Moth) PA, Haines PJ, Skinner GA,. The mechanism of action of tin compounds as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for polyester thermoset. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2001; 71: 351-360. (Pubitemid 32196219)
4. Atkinson (nee Moth) PA, Haines PJ, Skinner GA,. Inorganic tin compounds as flame retardants and smoke suppressant for polyester thermosets. Thermochimica Acta 2000; 360: 29-40.
5. Kicko-Walczak E,. Evaluation of the fire retardant properties of new modifiers in unsaturated polyester resin using the cone calorimetric method. Macromolecular Symposia 2003; 202: 221-233.
6. Schartel B, Hull TR,. Development of fire-retarded materials- Interpretation of cone calorimeter data. Fire and Materials 2007; 31: 327-354. (Pubitemid 47180695)
7. Koo JH, Venumbaka S, Cassidy PE, Fitch JW, Grand AF, Bundick J,. Flammability studies of thermally resistant polymers using cone calorimetry. Fire and Materials 2000; 24: 209-218. (Pubitemid 32022049)
8. Le Lay F, Gutierrez J,. Improvement of the fire behavior of composite materials for naval application. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1999; 64: 397-401.
9. Scudamore MJ,. Fire performance studies on glass-reinforced plastic laminates. Fire and Materials 1994; 18: 313-325.
10. Hörold S,. Phosphorous flame retardants in thermoset resins. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1999; 64: 427-431.
11. Drevelle C, Lefebvre J, Duquense S, Le Bras M, Poutch F, Vouters M, Magniez C,. Thermal and fire behaviour of ammonium polyphosphate/acrylic coated cotton/PESFR fabric. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2005; 88: 130-137. (Pubitemid 40245009)
12. Levchik SV, Balabanovich AI, Levchik GF, Costa L,. Fire and Materials 1997; 21: 75-83.
13. Camino G, Luda MP,. Mechanistic study on intumescence. In Fire Retardancy of Polymers: The Use of Intumescence, Le Bras M, Camino G, Bourbigot S, Delobel R, (eds). The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1998; 48.
14. Nazarè S, Kandola BK, Horrocks AR,. Flame retardant unsaturated polyester resin incorporating nanoclays. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2006; 17: 294-303. (Pubitemid 43772840)
15. Nazarè S, Kandola BK, Horrocks AR,. Smoke, CO and CO2 measurements and evaluation using different fire testing techniques for flame retardant unsaturated polyester resin formulations. Journal of Fire Sciences 2008; 26: 215-242. (Pubitemid 351579830)
16. De Fenzo A, Formicola C, Antonucci V, Zarrelli M, Giordano M,. Effects of zinc-based flame retardants on the degradation behaviour of an aerospace epoxy matrix. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2009; 94: 1354-1363.
17. Shiha Y-F, Wanga Y-T, Jengb R-J, Wei K-M,. Expandable graphite systems for phosphorus-containing unsaturated polyesters. I. Enhanced thermal properties and flame retardancy. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2004; 86: 339-348.
18. Kandare E, Kandola BK, Price D, Nazaré S, Horrocks RA,. Study of the thermal decomposition of flame-retarded unsaturated polyester resins by thermogravimetric analysis and Py-GC/MS. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2008; 93: 1996-2006.
19. Mouritz AP, Gibson AG,. Fire Properties of Composite Materials, Chapter 8. Springer: Dordrecht, 2006; 254.