Flame-retardant unsaturated polyester resin incorporating nanoclays

Polymers for Advanced Technologies

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 294-303

  Nazaré, Shonali ^a   Kandola, B K ^a   Horrocks, A R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Clays; Cone calorimetry; Flame retardance; Nanocomposites; Polyesters

Indexed keywords

CLAY; FLAME RETARDANTS; FLAMMABILITY; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS;

NANOCLAYS; PEAK HEAT RELEASE RATE; POLYMER MATRIX; TOTAL HEAT RELEASE;

POLYESTERS;

CLAY; FLAME RETARDANTS; FLAMMABILITY; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; POLYESTERS;

FLAME RESISTANCE; NANOCOMPOSITE; POLYESTER; SYNTHETIC RESIN;

EID: 33646834632     PISSN: 10427147     EISSN: 10991581     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pat.687     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Hörold S. Phosphorus flame retardants in thermoset resins. Polym. Deg. Stab. 1999; 64: 427-431.
2. Kandola BK. In Nanocomposites, Fire Retardant Materials, Horrocks AR, Price D (eds). Woodhead Publishing Ltd: Cambridge, 2001; chapter 6, 204-219.
3. Ray SS, Okamoto M. Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: A review from preparation to processing. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2003; 28: 1539-1641.
4. Gilman JW, Kashiwagi T, Morgan AB, Hariss Jr RH, Brassell L, Awad WH, Davis RD, Chyall L, Sutto T, Trulove PC, DeLong H. In Proceedings of Conference Fire and Materials. Interscience Communications: London, 2001; 273-284.
5. Wilkie C. Recent advanced in fire retardancy of polymerclay nanocomposite. In Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymers, vol. 13, Lewin M (ed.). Business Communications Co Inc.: Norwalk, CT, 2002; 155-160.
6. Horrocks AR, Kandola B, Padbury SA. Nanocomposite fibre-forming polymers as potential fire protective materials. In Proceedings of Flame Retardants 2004 Conference. Interscience Communications: London, 2004; 97-108.
7. Le Bras M, Bourbigot S, Delporte C, Siat C, Tallee YL. New intumescent formulations of fire-retardant polypropylene - discussion of the free radical mechanism of the formation of carbonaceous protective material during the thermo-oxidative treatment of the additives. Fire Mater. 1996; 20: 191-203.
8. Zhang S, Horrocks AR. A review of flame retardant polypropylene fibres. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2003; 2: 1517-1538.
9. Bartholmai M, Schartel B. Layered silicate polymer nanocomposites: New approach or illusion for fire retardancy? Investigation of the potentials and the tasks using a model system. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2004; 15: 355-364.
10. Nazare S, Kandola B, Horrocks AR. Use of cone calorimetry to quantify the burning hazard of apparel fabrics. Fire Mater. 2002; 26: 191-199.
11. Kashiwagi T, Shields JR, Harris RH, Awad WH. Flame retardant mechanism of a polymer clay nanocomposite. In Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymers, vol. 14, Lewin M (ed.). BCC: Norwalk, CT, 2003; 14-26.
12. Ismail MR, Ali MAM, El-Milligy AA, Afifi MS. Studies on sand/clay unsaturated polyester composite materials. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999; 72: 1031-1038.
13. Suh DJ, Lim YT, Park OO. The property and formation mechanism of unsaturated polyester-layered silicate nanocomposite depending on the fabrication methods. Polymer 2000; 41: 8557-8563.
14. Kornmann X, Berglund LA, Streteand J, Giannelis EP. Nanocomposites based on montmorillonite and unsaturated polyester. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1998; 38: 1351-1358.
15. Fu XA, Qutubuddin S. Polymer-clay nanocomposites: Exfoliation of organophilic montmorillonite nanolayers; in polystyrene. Polymer 2001; 41: 807-813.
16. Bharadwaj RK, Mehrabi AR, Hamilton C, Trujillo C, Murgs M, Fan R, Chavira A, Thompson AK. Structure-property relationships in cross-linked polyester-clay nanocomposites. Polymer 2002; 43: 3699-3705.
17. Kandola B, Nazaré S, Horrocks A. Thermal degradation behaviour of flame-retardant unsaturated polyester resins incorporating functionalised nanoclays. In Fire Retardancy of Polymers: The Use of Mineral Fillers in Micro- and Nano-composites, Le Bras M (ed.). Royal Chemical Society: Cambridge, 2005; 147-160.
18. Kandola B, Nazaré S, Horrocks AR. Effect of Layered Silicate Nanocomposites on Burning Behaviour of Conventionally Flame Retarded Unsaturated Polyesters, ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2005.
19. Gilman JW, Bourbigot S, Bellayer S, Stretz H, Paul DR. In Fire Retardancy of Polymers Nezv Application of Mineral Fillers, Le Bras M, Wilkie CA, Bourbigot S, Duquesne S, Jama C (eds). The Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, UK, 2005; 177-186.
20. Li B. A study of the thermal decomposition and smoke suppression of poly(vinyl chloride) treated with metal oxides using a cone calorimeter at a high incident heat flux. Polym. Deg. Stab. 2002; 78: 349-356.
21. Gilman JW, Jackson CL, Morgan AB, Harris Jr R, Manias E, Giannelis EP, Wuthenow M, Hilton D, Phillips SH. Flammability properties of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: Propylene and polystyrene nanocomposites. Chem. Mater. 2000; 12: 1866-1873.
22. Kashiwagi T, Harris Jr RH, Zhang X, Briber RM, Cipriano BH, Raghavan SR, Awad WH, Shields JR. Flame retardant mechanism of polyamide 6-clay nanocomposites. Polymer 2004; 45: 881-891.
23. Qin H, Zhang S, Zhao C, Hu G, Yang M. Flame retardant mechanism of polymer/clay nanocomposites based on polypropylene. Polymer 2005; 46: 8386-8395.
24. Levchik SV. Halogen-free approach in fire retardancy of thermoplastic polyesters. In Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymers, vol. 13, Lewin M (ed.). Business Communications Co Inc.: Norwalk, CT, 2002; 296-314.
25. Bourbigot S, Le Bras M, Dabrowaski F, Gilman JW, Kashiwagi T. PA-6 clay nanocomposites hybid as char forming agent in intumescent formulations. Fire Mater. 2000; 24: 201-208.
26. Beyer G. Flame retardant properties of EVA-nanocomposites and improvements by combination of nanofillers with aluminum trihydrate. Fire Mater. 2001; 25: 193-197.