An automated module for the separation and purification of cyclotron-produced 99mTcO 4 -

Nuclear Medicine and Biology

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 551-559

  Morley, Thomas J ^a,b   Dodd, Maurice ^a   Gagnon, Katherine ^c   Hanemaayer, Vicky ^a   Wilson, John ^c   McQuarrie, Stephen A ^c   English, Wade ^a   Ruth, Thomas J ^a,b   Bénard, François ^b   Schaffer, Paul ^a  

^a TRIUMF   (Canada)

^b BRITISH COLUMBIA CANCER AGENCY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aqueous biphasic extraction chromatography; Automation; Medical radionuclides; Pertechnetate; Technetium 99m

Indexed keywords

MOLYBDENUM; MOLYBDENUM 100; MOLYBDIC ACID; PERTECHNETIC ACID TC 99M; RESIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AQUEOUS SOLUTION; ARTICLE; AUTOMATION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLOTRON; DRUG PURIFICATION; FLOW RATE; FREEZE DRYING; PRECIPITATION; PROCESS DEVELOPMENT; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; QUALITY CONTROL; RADIATION DETECTOR; RADIOACTIVITY; SEPARATION TECHNIQUE;

AUTOMATION; CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY, ION EXCHANGE; CYCLOTRONS; ION EXCHANGE RESINS; MOLYBDENUM; QUALITY CONTROL; SODIUM PERTECHNETATE TC 99M;

EID: 84858062402     PISSN: 09698051     EISSN: 18729614     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.10.006     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Eckelman W.C. Unparalleled contribution of technetium-99m to medicine over 5 decades. JACC-Cardiovasc Imag 2009, 2:364-368.
2. Service R.F. Nuclear medicine scrambling to close the isotope gap. Science 2011, 331:277-279.
3. Boyd R.E. Technetium generators - status and prospects. Radiochim Acta 1987, 41:59-63.
4. Parker P.L., Kuroda P.K. The occurrence of molybdenum-99 in natural and in depleted uranium salts and the spontaneous fission half-life of uranium-238. J Inorg Nucl Chem 1958, 5:153-158.
5. Vandegrift G.F., Conner C., Hofman G.L., Leonard R.A., Mutalib A., Sedlet J., et al. Modification of targets and processes for conversion of Mo-99 production from high- to low-enriched uranium. Ind Eng Chem Res 2000, 39:3140-3145.
6. National Research Council Medical isotope production without highly enriched uranium 2009, 90-162. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
7. Nguyen V.D., Pham D.K., Kim T.T., Bui V.L., Rahman M.S., Kim K.S., et al. Thermal neutron cross-section and resonance integral of the Mo-98(n,gamma)Mo-99 reaction. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res, B Beam Interact Mater Atoms 2009, 267:462-468.
8. Nagai Y., Hatsukawa Y. Production of Mo-99 for nuclear medicine by Mo-100(n, 2n)Mo-99. J Phys Soc Jpn 2009, 78.
9. Evans J.V., Moore P.W., Shying M.E., Sodeau J.M. Zirconium molybdate gel as a generator for Tc-99m .1. the concept and its evaluation. Appl Radiat Isotopes 1987, 38:19-23.
10. Sarkar S.K., Saraswathy R., Arjun G., Ramamoorthy N. High radioactive concentration of Tc-99m from a zirconium [Mo-99]molybdate gel generator using an acidic alumina column for purification and concentration. Nucl Med Commun 2004, 25:609-614.
11. Gellie R.W., Lokan K.H. Photodisintegration of molybdenum. Nucl Phys 1964, 60:343.
12. Alsmille R.G., Moran H.S. Photoneutron production from 34- and 100-Mev electrons in thick uranium targets. Nucl Instrum Methods 1967, 51:339.
13. Stichelbaut F., Jongen Y. Design of accelerator-based solutions to produce Mo-99 using lowly-enriched uranium. Nucl Med Biol 2010, 37:713.
14. Beaver J.E., Hupf H.B. Production of Tc-99m on a medical cyclotron - feasibility study. J Nucl Med 1971, 12:739.
15. Lagunas-Solar M.C., Kiefer P.M., Carvacho O.F., Lagunas C.A., Cha Y.P. Cyclotron production of Nca Tc-99m and Mo-99 - an alternative non-reactor supply source of instant Tc-99m and Mo-99/Tc-99m generators. Appl Radiat Isotopes 1991, 42:643-657.
16. Scholten B., Lambrecht R.M., Cogneau M., Ruiz H.V., Qaim S.M. Excitation functions for the cyclotron production of Tc-99m and Mo-99. Appl Radiat Isotopes 1999, 51:69-80.
17. Takacs S., Szucs Z., Tarkanyi F., Hermanne A., Sonck M. Evaluation of proton induced reactions on Mo-100: new cross sections for production of Tc-99m and Mo-99. J Radioanal Nucl 2003, 257:195-201.
18. Khandaker M.U., Uddin M.S., Kim K.S., Lee Y.S., Kim G.N. Measurement of cross-sections for the (p, xn) reactions in natural molybdenum. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res,B Beam Interact Mat Atoms 2007, 262:171-181.
19. Lebeda O., Pruszynski M. New measurement of excitation functions for (p,x) reactions on (nat)Mo with special regard to the formation of (95m)Tc, (96m+g)Tc, (99m)Tc and (99)Mo. Appl Radiat Isotopes 2010, 68:2355-2365.
20. Gagnon K., Benard F., Kovacs M., Ruth T.J., Schaffer P., Wilson J.S., et al. Cyclotron production of (99m)Tc: experimental measurement of the (100)Mo(p,x)(99)Mo, (99m)Tc and (99g)Tc excitation functions from 8 to 18 MeV. Nucl Med Biol 2011, 38:907-916.
21. Guerin B., Tremblay S., Rodrigue S., Rousseau J.A., Dumulon-Perreault V., Lecomte R., et al. Cyclotron production of Tc-99m: an approach to the medical isotope crisis. J Nucl Med 2010, 51:13N-16N.
22. Targholizadeh H., Raisali G., Jalilian A.R., Rostampour N., Ensaf M., Dehghan M.K. Cyclotron production of technetium radionuclides using a natural metallic molybdenum thick target and consequent preparation of [Tc]-BRIDA as a radio-labelled kit sample. Nukleonika 2010, 55:113-118.
23. 4 solution obtained from reactor-produced (n,gamma) Mo-99 using a tiny Dowex-1 column in tandem with a small alumina column. Appl Radiat Isotopes 2008, 66:1814-1817.
24. McAlister D.R., Horwitz E.P. Automated two column generator systems for medical radionuclides. Appl Radiat Isotopes 2009, 67:1985-1991.
25. Dmitriev S., Buklanov G., Starodub G., Shishkina T., Shishkin S. Production of high purity Tc-97 for environmental research. Czechoslov J Phys 1999, 49:823-824.
26. Murata K., Ikeda S. Studies on polynuclear molybdates in the aqueous-solution by laser Raman-spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta Part A-Mol Biomol Spectrosc 1983, 39:787-794.
27. U.S. Pharmacopeia. http://www.pharmacopeia.cn/v29240/usp29nf24s0_m80740.html.
28. U.S. Pharmacopeia. http://www.pharmacopeia.cn/v29240/usp29nf24s0_c467.html.
29. JTBaker. MSDS tetrabutylammonium bromide.
30. Chen F., Decristoforo C., Rohrbacher B., Riccabona G. A simple 2-strip method to determine the radiochemical purity of Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine. Eur J Nucl Med 1993, 20:334-338.
31. Asif M., Mushtaq A. Evaluation of highly loaded low specific activity Mo-99 on alumina column as Tc-99m generator. J Radioanal Nucl 2010, 284:439-442.
32. Rosch F., Novgorodov A.F., Qaim S.M. Thermochromatographic separation of (99m)Tc from enriched molybdenum targets and its large-scale production for nuclear medical application. Radiochim Acta 1994, 64:113-120.
33. Bigott H.M., Laforest R., Liu X.D., Ruangma A., Wuest F., Welch M.J. Advances in the production, processing and microPET image quality of technetium-94m. Nucl Med Biol 2006, 33:923-933.
34. Chakravarty R., Dash A., Venkatesh M. A novel electrochemical technique for the production of clinical grade (99m)Tc using (n, gamma)(99)Mo. Nucl Med Biol 2010, 37:21-28.
35. Allen J.F. An improved technetium-99m generator for medical applications. Int J Appl Radiat Isot 1965, 16:332.
36. Baker R.J. System for routine production of concentrated Tc-99m by solvent extraction of Mo-99. Int J Appl Radiat Isot 1971, 22:483.
37. Tachimor S., Nakamura H., Amano H. Diffusion of Tc-99m in neutron irradiated molybdenum trioxide and its application to separation. J Nucl Sci Technol-Tokyo 1971, 8:295.
38. 2O at 25 degrees C. J Solution Chem 1997, 26:561-577.
39. Wu D.Q., Qu S.S., Xu Z.G. Isopiestic activity-coefficients and osmotic coefficients of sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate in aqueous-solution. J Chem Thermodyn 1990, 22:35-39.
40. 99Mo adsorbed on a large alumina column in tandem with Dowex-1 and AgCl columns. Appl Radiat Isotopes 2002, 57:7-16.
41. Chattopadhyay S., Das M.K. A novel technique for the effective concentration of Tc-99m from a large alumina column loaded with low specific-activity (n,gamma)-produced Mo-99. Appl Radiat Isotopes 2008, 66:1295-1299.
42. Chattopadhyay S., Das S.S., Barua L. A simple and rapid technique for recovery of Tc-99m from low specific activity (n,gamma)Mo-99 based on solid-liquid extraction and column chromatography methodologies. Nucl Med Biol 2010, 37:17-20.
43. -)-Tc-99m by a single anion exchanger column I: feasibility of extending the useful life of column chromatographic Tc-99m generator. Appl Radiat Isotopes 2001, 55:561-567.
44. Huddleston J.G., Willauer H.D., Griffin S.J., Rogers R.D. Aqueous polymeric solutions as environmentally benign liquid liquid extraction media. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999, 38:2523-2539.
45. Bond A.H., Chang F.W.K., Thakkar A.H., Williamson J.M., Gula M.J., Harvey J.T., et al. Design, synthesis, and uptake performance of ABEC resins for the removal of pertechnetate from alkaline radioactive wastes. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999, 38:1676-1682.
46. Bond A.H., Gula M.J., Harvey J.T., Duffey J.M., Horwitz E.P., Griffin S.T., et al. Flowsheet feasibility studies using ABEC resins for removal of pertechnetate from nuclear wastes. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999, 38:1683-1689.
47. Bond A.H., Hines J.J., Young J.E., Horwitz E.P. Automated radionuclide separation system and method. Off Gaz U S Pat Trademark Off Pat 2004, 1286.
48. Young J.E., Hines J.J. Compact automated radionuclide separator. Off Gaz U S Pat Trademark Off Pat 2004, 1285.
49. Hammermaier A., Reich E., Bogl W. Chemical, radiochemical, and radionuclide purity of eluates from different commercial fission Mo-99 Tc-99m generators. Eur J Nucl Med 1986, 12:41-46.
50. Celler A., Hou X., Bénard F., Ruth T.J. Theoretical modeling of yields for proton-induced reactions on natural and enriched molybdenum targets. Phys Med Biol 2011, 56:5469-5484.
51. McDevitt M.R., Finn R.D., Sgouros G., Ma D.S., Scheinberg D.A. An Ac-225/Bi-213 generator system for therapeutic clinical applications: construction and operation. Appl Radiat Isotopes 1999, 50:895-904.
52. Miederer M., Scheinberg D.A., McDevitt M.R. Realizing the potential of the Actinium-225 radionuclide generator in targeted alpha particle therapy applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008, 60:1371-1382.