Invisible Stripes? Formerly Incarcerated Persons' Perceptions of Stigma

Deviant Behavior

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 89-107

  LeBel, Thomas P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858025477     PISSN: 01639625     EISSN: 15210456     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01639625.2010.538365     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Anderson, Elijah. 1999. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: Norton.
2. Becker, Howard S. 1963. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: Free Press.
3. Berger, Barbara E., Carol Estwing Ferrans, and Felissa R. Lashley. 2001. "Measuring Stigma in People with HIV: Psychometric Assessment of the HIV Stigma Scale."Research in Nursing and Health24:518-529.
4. Braithwaite, John. 1989. Crime, Shame, and Reintegration. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
5. Braithwaite, John and Valerie Braithwaite. 2001. "Part I: Shame, Shame Management and Regulation.Pp. 3-69 in Shame Management through Reintegration, edited by E. Ahmed, N. Harris, J. Braithwaite, and V. Braithwaite. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
6. Branscombe, Nyla R., Michael T. Schmitt, and Richard D. Harvey. 1999. "Perceiving Pervasive Discrimination among African-Americans: Implications for Group Identification and Well-Being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77: 135-149.
7. Clear, Todd R. 2007. Imprisoning Communities: How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse. New York: Oxford University Press.
8. Cohen, Jacob, Patricia Cohen, Stephen G. West, and Leona S. Aiken. 2003. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences., 3rd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
9. Corrigan, Patrick W., Amy C. Watson, and Leah Barr. 2006. "The Self-Stigma of Mental Illness: Implications for Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 25 (9): 875-884.
10. Crocker, Jennifer, Brenda Major, and Claude Steele. 1998. "Social Stigma.Pp. 504-553 in The Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 2, 4th ed., edited by D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, and G. Lindzey. New York: McGraw-Hill.
11. Goffman, Erving. 1963. Stigma: On the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
12. Harding, David J. 2003. "Jean Valjean's Dilemma: The Management of Ex-Convict Identity in the Search for Employment.Deviant Behavior 24: 571-595.
13. Harris, Anthony R. 1976. "Race, Commitment to Deviance and Spoiled Identity.American Sociological Review 41: 432-442.
14. Harvey, Richard D. 2001. "Individual Differences in the Phenomenological Impact of Social Stigma.The Journal of Social Psychology 141 (2): 174-189.
15. Hirschfield, Paul J. 2008. "The Declining Significance of Delinquent Labels in Disadvantaged Urban Communities.Sociological Forum 23 (3): 575-601.
16. Irwin, John. 1970. The Felon. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
17. Irwin, John. 2003. "Preface.Pp. xvii-xxii in Convict Criminology, edited by J. I. Ross and S. C. Richards. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
18. LaVigne, Nancy, Samuel J. Wolf, and Jesse Jannetta. 2004. Voices of Experience: Focus Group Findings on Prisoner Reentry in the State of Rhode Island. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
19. Lawes, Lewis E. 1938. Invisible Stripes. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, Inc.
20. Leary, Mark R. and Lisa S. Schreindorfer. 1998. "The Stigmatization of HIV and AIDS: Rubbing Salt in the Wound.Pp. 12-29 in HIV and Social Interaction, edited by V. J. Derlaga and A. P. Barbee. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
21. LeBel, Thomas P. 2009. "Formerly Incarcerated Persons' Use of Advocacy/Activism as a Coping Orientation in the Reintegration Process.Pp. 165-187 in How Offenders Transform their Lives, edited by B. M. Veysey, J. Christian, and D. J. Martinez. Cullompton, UK: Willan.
22. LeBel, Thomas P., Ros Burnett, and Shadd Maruna. 2004. "An Examination of the Impact of Prisoners' Perceptions of Stigma on Recidivism.Paper Presented at the 2004 American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting Nashville, TN.
23. LeBel, Thomas P., Ros Burnett, Shadd Maruna, and Shawn Bushway. 2008. "The 'Chicken and Egg' of Subjective and Social Factors in Desistance from Crime.European Journal of Criminology 5 (2): 130-158.
24. Legal Action Center. 2004. After Prison, Roadblocks to Reentry: A Report on State Legal Barriers Facing People with Criminal Records. New York: Legal Action Center.
25. Link, Bruce G., Francis T. Cullen, Elmer Struening, Patrick Shrout, and Bruce P. Dohrenwend. 1989. "A Modified Labeling Theory Approach in the Area of the Mental Disorders: An Empirical Assessment.American Sociological Review 54: 400-423.
26. Link, B. G., Elmer L. Struening, Michael Rahav, Jo C. Phelan, and Larry Nuttbrock. 1997. "On Stigma and its Consequences: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study of Men with Dual Diagnosis of Mental Illness and Substance Abuse.Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38: 177-190.
27. Link, Bruce G., Lawrence H. Lawrence H LawreYang, Jo C. Phelan, and Pamela Y. Collins. 2004. "Measuring Mental Illness Stigma.Schizophrenia Bulletin 30 (3): 511-541.
28. Luoma, Jason B., Michael P. Twohig, Thomas Waltz, Steven C. Hayes, Nancy Roget, Michelle Padilla, and Gary Fisher. 2007. "An Investigation of Stigma in Individuals Receiving Treatment for Substance Abuse."Addictive Behaviors32:1331-1346.
29. Major, Brenda and Laurie T. O'Brien. 2005. "The Social Psychology of Stigma.Annual Review of Psychology 56: 393-421.
30. Major, Brenda, Wendy J. Quinton, and Shannon K. McCoy. 2002. "Antecedents and Consequences of Attributions to Discrimination: Theoretical and Empirical Advances.Pp. 251-330 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, edited by M. P. Zanna. Boston, MA: Academic Press.
31. Markowitz, Fred E. 1998. "The Effects of Stigma on the Psychological Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Persons with Mental Illness.Journal of Health and Social Behavior 39: 335-347.
32. Maruna, Shadd. 2001. Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Reclaim Their Lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
33. Matsueda, Ross L. 1992. "Reflected Appraisals, Parental Labeling, and Delinquency: Specifying a Symbolic Interactionist Theory.American Journal of Sociology 97: 1577-1611.
34. McAnany, Patrick D., Edward Tromanhauser, and Dennis Sullivan. 1974. The Identification and Description of Ex-Offender Groups in the Chicago Area. Chicago: University of Illinois.
35. Mead, George H. 1934. Mind, Self and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
36. Nelson, Marta, Perry Deess, and Charlotte Allen. 1999. The First Month Out: Post- Incarceration Experiences in New York City. New York: Vera Institute of Justice.
37. Pager, Devah. 2007. Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
38. Paternoster, Raymond and Leeann Iovanni. 1989. "The Labeling Perspective and Delinquency: An Elaboration of the Theory and an Assessment of the Evidence.Justice Quarterly 6: 359-394.
39. Petersilia, Joan. 2003. When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. New York: Oxford University Press.
40. Pinel, Elizabeth C. 1999. "Stigma Consciousness: The Psychological Legacy of Social Stereotypes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76: 114-128.
41. Re-Entry Policy Council. 2005. Report of the Re-Entry Policy Council: Charting the Safe and Successful Return of Prisoners to the Community. New York: Council of State Governments.
42. Roberts, Julian V. and Loretta J. Stalans. 1997. Public Opinion, Crime, and Criminal Justice. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
43. Rose, Dina R. and Todd R. Clear. 2003. "Incarceration, Reentry, and Social Capital: Social Networks in the Balance.Pp. 313-341 in Prisoners Once Removed: The Impact of Incarceration and Reentry on Children, Families, and Communities, edited by J. Travis and M. Waul. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press.
44. Sabol, William J., Heather C. West, and Matthew Cooper. 2009. Prisoners in 2008. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin (NCJ 228417). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
45. Sampson, Robert J. and Dawn Jeglum Bartusch. 1998. "Legal Cynicism and (Subcultural?) Tolerance of Deviance: The Neighborhood Context of Racial Differences.Law and Society Review 32 (4): 777-804.
46. Sampson, Robert J. and John H. Laub. 1997. "A Life-Course Theory of Cumulative Disadvantage and the Stability of Delinquency.Pp. 133-163 in Developmental Theories of Crime and Delinquency, edited by T. P. Thornberry. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
47. State of New York Department of Correctional Services (NYSDOCS). 2004. Characteristics of Inmates Discharged 2003. Albany: State of New York Department of Correctional Services.
48. Sykes, Gresham M. and David Matza. 1957. "Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency.American Sociological Review 22: 664-673.
49. Taylor, Donald M., Stephen C. Wright, and Lana E. Porter. 1994. "Dimensions of Perceived Discrimination: The Personal/group Discrimination Discrepancy.Pp. 223-255 in The Psychology of Prejudice: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 7, edited by M. P. Zanna and J. M. Olson. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
50. Tewksbury, Richard. 2005. "Collateral Consequences of Sex Offender Registration.Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 21 (1): 67-81.
51. Travis, Jeremy. 2002. "Invisible Punishment: An Instrument of Social Exclusion.Pp. 15-36 in Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment, edited by M. Mauer and M. Chesney-Lind. New York: The New Press.
52. Travis, Jeremy. 2005. But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press.
53. Uggen, Christopher. 2003. "Criminology and the Sociology of Deviance.The Criminologist 28 (3): 1-5.
54. Uggen, Christopher, Jeff Manza, and Angela Behrens. 2004. "'Less than the Average Citizen': Stigma, Role Transition, and the Civic Reintegration of Convicted Felons.Pp. 261-293 in After Crime and Punishment: Pathways to Offender Reintegration, edited by S. Maruna and R. Immarigeon. Cullompton, UK: Willan.
55. Van Brakel, Wim H. 2006. "Measuring Health-related Stigma-A Literature Review.Psychology, Health, and Medicine 11 (3): 307-334.
56. Wacquant, Loic. 2001. "Deadly Symbiosis: When Ghetto and Prison Meet and Mesh.Punishment and Society 3 (1): 95-134.
57. Wahl, Otto F. 1999. Telling is Risky Business: Mental Health Consumers Confront Stigma. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
58. Western, Bruce. 2006. Punishment and Inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage.
59. Winnick, Terri A. and Mark Bodkin. 2008. "Anticipated Stigma and Stigma Management among those to be Labeled 'Ex-con.'Deviant Behavior 29: 295-333.
60. Wright, Eric R., William P. Gronfein, and Timothy J. Owens. 2000. "Deinstitutionalization, Social Rejection, and the Self-Esteem of Former Mental Patients.Journal of Health and Social Behavior 41: 69-90.
61. Wynn, Jennifer. 2001. Inside Rikers: Stories from the World's Largest Penal Colony. New York: St. Martin's Press.
62. Young, William J. 1976. "Impact of the Administration of Justice on Criminal Offenders: Perceptions of Stigma by Men on Parole.Unpublished dissertation, University at Washington.