The association of religiosity and political conservatism: The role of political engagement

Political Psychology

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 275-299

  Malka, Ariel ^a   Lelkes, Yphtach ^b   Srivastava, Sanjay ^c   Cohen, Adam B ^d   Miller, Dale T ^b  

^a YESHIVA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^d ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Conservative ideology; Political attitudes; Political engagement; Religion; Social influence

Indexed keywords

EID: 84857990560     PISSN: 0162895X     EISSN: 14679221     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00875.x     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Alford, J. R., Funk, C. L., & Hibbing, J. R. (2005). Are political orientations genetically transmitted? American Political Science Review, 99, 153-167.
2. American National Election Studies. (1996). The 1996 National Election Study [data set]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies [producer and distributor].
3. American National Election Studies. (2000). The 2000 National Election Study [data set]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies [producer and distributor].
4. American National Election Studies. (2004). The 2004 National Election Study [data set]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies [producer and distributor].
5. American National Election Studies. (2008). The ANES 2008 Time Series Study [data set]. Stanford University and the University of Michigan [producers].
6. Baldassari, D., & Gelman, A. (2008). Partisans without constraint: Political polarization and trends in American public opinion. American Journal of Sociology, 114, 408-446.
7. Bartels, L. M. (1993). The political impact of media exposure. American Political Science Review, 87, 267-285.
8. Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. Chicago: John Wiley & Sons.
9. Carmines, E. G., & Stimson, J. A. (1989). Issue evolution: Race and the transformation of American politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10. Cohen, A. B., Malka, A., Hill, E. C., Thoemmes, F., Hill, P. C., & Sundie, J. M. (2009). Race as a moderator of the relationship between religiosity and political alignment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 271-282.
11. Cohen, G. L. (2003). Party over policy: The dominating impact of group influence on political beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 808-822.
12. Converse, P. E. (1964). Nature of belief systems in mass publics. In D. Apter (Ed.), Ideology and Discontent (pp. 206-261). New York: Free Press.
13. Davis, N., & Robinson, R. (1996). Are the rumors of war exaggerated? Religious orthodoxy and moral progressivism in America. American Journal of Sociology, 102, 756-787.
14. Delli Carpini, M. X., & Keeter, S. (1996). What Americans know about politics and why it matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
15. Eaves, L. J., Eysenck, H. J., & Martin, N. G. (1989). Genes, culture, and personality: An empirical approach. San Diego: Academic Press.
16. Federico, C. M., & Goren, P. (2009). Motivated social cognition and ideology: Is attention to elite discourse a prerequisite for epistemically motivated political affinities? In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification (pp. 267-291) New York: Oxford University Press.
17. Federico, C., Hunt, C. V., & Ergun, D. (2009). Political expertise, social worldviews, and ideology: Translating "competitive jungles" and "dangerous worlds" into ideological reality. Social Justice Research, 22, 259-279.
18. Fiorina, M. P., Abrams, S. J., & Pope, J. C. (2006). Culture war? The myth of a polarized America (2nd ed). New York: Pearson Longman.
19. Gallup (2004). Americans and the death penalty.
20. Gallup (2009). Catholics similar to mainstream on abortion, stem cells: Catholics actually more liberal on some issues.
21. Ganzach, Y. (1997). Misleading interaction and curvilinear terms. Psychological Methods, 2, 235-237.
22. Gerber, E. R., & Jackson, J. E. (1993). Endogenous preferences and the study of institutions. American Political Science Review, 87, 639-656.
23. Gerring, J. (1998). Party ideologies in America, 1828-1996. New York: Cambridge University Press.
24. Goren, P., Federico, C. M., & Kittilson, M. C. (2009). Source cues, partisan identities, and political value expression. American Journal of Political Science, 53, 805-820.
25. Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1029-1046.
26. Green, J. C., Guth, J. L., & Fraser, C. R. (1991). Apostles and apostates? Religion and politics among party activists. In J. L. Guth & J. C. Green (Eds.), The Bible and the ballot box: Religion and politics in the 1988 election (pp. 113-136). Boulder, CO: Westview.
27. Guth, J. L., Green, J. C., Smidt, C. E., Kellstedt, L. A., & Poloma, M. M. (1997). The bully pulpit: The politics of Protestant clergy. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
28. Guth, J. L., Kellstedt, L. A., Smidt, C. E., & Green, J. C. (2006). Religious influences in the 2004 presidential election. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 36, 223-242.
29. Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2003). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality. Implications for physical and mental health research. American Psychologist, 58, 64-74.
30. Hillygus, D. S., & Shields, T. G. (2005). Moral issues and voter decision making in the 2004 presidential election. PS: Political Science & Politics, 38, 201-209.
31. Hunter, J. D. (1991). Culture wars: The struggle to define America. New York: Basic Books.
32. Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. (1987). News that matters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
33. Jacoby, W. G. (1995). The structure of ideological thinking in the American electorate. American Journal of Political Science, 39, 314-335.
34. Jelen, T. G. (2009). Religion and American public opinion: Social issues. In C. E. Smidt, L. A. Kellstedt, & J. L. Guth (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of religion and American politics (pp. 217-242). New York: Oxford University Press.
35. Jost, J. T. (2006). The end of the end of ideology. American Psychologist, 61, 651-670.
36. Jost, J. T. (2007). Coda: After "The end of the end of ideology"-Reply to Glassman and Karno (2007) and Unger (2007). American Psychologist, 62, 1077-1080.
37. Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339-375.
38. Jost, J. T., Nosek, B. A., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Ideology: Its resurgence in social, personality, and political psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 126-136.
39. Judd, C. M., & Krosnick, J. A. (1989). The structural bases of consistency among political attitudes: The effects of political expertise and attitude importance. In A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude structure and function (pp. 99-128). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
40. Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Personal influence. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
41. Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Napier, J. L., Callan, M. J., & Laurin, K. (2008). God and the government: Testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 18-35.
42. Kellstedt, L. A., & Green, J. C. (1993). Knowing God's many people: Denominational preference and political behavior. In D. C. Leege & L. A. Kellstedt (Eds.), Rediscovering the religious factor in American politics (pp. 53-71). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
43. Kelly, N. J., & Morgan, J. (2008). Religious traditionalism and Latino politics in the United States. American Politics Research, 36, 236-263.
44. Kohut, A., Green, J. C., Keeter, S., & Toth, R. C. (2000). Diminishing divide: Religion's changing role in American politics. Washington, DC: Brookings.
45. Layman, G. C. (2001). The great divide: Religious and cultural conflict in American party politics. New York: Columbia University Press.
46. Layman, G. C., & Carmines, E. G. (1997). Cultural conflict in American politics: Religious traditionalism, postmaterialism, and U.S. political behavior. Journal of Politics, 59, 751-777.
47. Layman, G. C., & Carsey, T. M. (2002). Party polarization and party structuring of policy attitudes: A comparison of three NES panel studies. Political Behavior, 24, 199-236.
48. Layman, G. C., & Green, J. C. (2005). Wars and rumours of wars: The contexts of cultural conflict in American political behavior. British Journal of Political Science, 36, 61-89.
49. Leege, D. C., & Kellstedt, L. A. (Eds.), (1993). Rediscovering the religious factor in American politics. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
50. Lincoln, C. E., & Mamiya, L. H. (1990). The Black church in the African American experience. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
51. Malka, A., & Lelkes, Y. (2010). More than ideology: Conservative-liberal identity and receptivity to political cues. Social Justice Research, 23, 156-188.
52. Mutz, D. C. (1998). Impersonal influence: How perceptions of mass collectives affect political attitudes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
53. Mutz, D. C. (2002). The consequences of cross-cutting networks for political participation. American Journal of Political Science, 46, 838-855.
54. Olson, L. R., & Green, J. C. (2006). The religion gap. PS: Political Science & Politics, 39, 455-59.
55. Pew Forum On Religion and Public Life (2005). Religion and public life: A faith-based partisan divide.
56. Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life (2008). U.S. religious landscape survey: Religious affiliation: Diverse and dynamic.
57. Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life (2009). Faith in flux: Changes in religious affiliation in the U.S.
58. Rahn, W. M. (1993). The role of partisan stereotypes in information processing about political candidates. American Journal of Political Science, 37, 472-496.
59. Roof, W. C., & McKinney, W. (1987). American mainline religion: Its changing shape and future. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
60. Smidt, E. C., Kellstedt, L. A., & Guth, J. L. (2009). The role of religion in American politics: Explanatory theories and associated analytical and measurement issues. In C. E. Smidt, L. A. Kellstedt, & J. L. Guth (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of religion and American politics (pp. 3-42). New York: Oxford University Press.
61. Sniderman, P. M., Brody, R. A., & Tetlock, P. E. (1991). Reasoning and choice: Explorations in political psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
62. Sniderman, P. M., & Bullock, J. (2004). A consistency theory of public opinion and political choice: The hypothesis of menu dependence. In W. E. Saris & P. M. Sniderman (Eds.), Studies in public opinion: Attitudes, nonattitudes, measurement error, and change (pp. 337-358). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
63. Stark, R., & Finke, R. (2000). Acts of faith: Explaining the human side of religion. Berkeley: University of California Press.
64. Steensland, B., Park, J. Z., Regnerus, M. D., Robinson, L. D., Wilcox, W. B., & Woodberry, R. D. (2000). The measure of American religion: Toward improving the state of the art. Social Forces, 79, 291-318.
65. Stimson, J. A. (1975). Belief systems: Constraint, complexity, and the 1972 election. American Journal of Political Science, 19, 393-417.
66. Thorisdottir, H., Jost, J. T., Levitan, I., & Shrout, P. E. (2007). Psychological needs and values underlying left-right political orientation: Cross-national evidence from Eastern and Western Europe. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71, 175-203.
67. Wald, K. (2003). Religion and politics in the United States. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
68. Wilcox, C., & Larsen, C. (2006). Onward Christian soldiers? The religious right in American politics (3rd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview.
69. Williams, R. H. (1997). Cultural wars in American politics: Critical reviews of a popular myth. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
70. Wuthnow, R. (1988). The restructuring of American religion: Society and faith since World War II. Princeton, NJ; Princeton University Press.
71. Zaller, J. R. (1992). The nature and origins of mass opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.