A wire-flooring model1 for inducing lameness in broilers: Evaluation of probiotics as a prophylactic treatment

Poultry Science

Volumn 91, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 870-883

  Wideman, R F ^a   Hamal, K R ^a   Stark, J M ^a   Blankenship, J ^a   Lester, H ^a   Mitchell, K N ^a   Lorenzoni, G ^b   Pevzner, I ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS   (United States)

^b BIOMIN Holding GmbH   (Austria)

^c Cobb Vantress Inc ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Broiler; Flooring; Lameness; Osteomyelitis; Probiotics

Indexed keywords

AVES; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 84857938552     PISSN: 00325791     EISSN: 15253171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01907     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Alderson, M., and S. Nade. 1987. Natural history of acute septic arthritis in an avian model. J. Orthop. Res. 5:261-274.
2. Alderson, M., D. Speers, K. Emslie, and S. Nade. 1986. Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis-A single disease. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 68:268-274.
3. Andreasen, J. R., C. B. Andreasen, M. Anwer, and A. E. Sonn. 1993. Heterophil chemotaxis in chickens with natural staphylococcal infections. Avian Dis. 37:284-289.
4. Andrews, L. D., T. S. Whiting, and L. Stamps. 1990. Performance and carcass quality of broilers grown on raised floorings and litter. Poult. Sci. 68:1644-1651.
5. Beaumont, G. D. 1967. The intraosseous vasculature of the ulna of Gallus domesticus. J. Anat. 101:543-554.
6. Bradshaw, R. H., R. D. Kirkden, and D. M. Broom. 2002. A review of the aetiology and pathology of leg weakness in broilers in relation to welfare. Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. 13:45-103.
7. Butterworth, A. 1999. Infectious components of broiler lameness: A review. World's Poult. Sci. J. 55:327-352.
8. Carnaghan, R. B. A. 1966. Spinal cord compression due to spondylitis caused by Staphylococcus pyogenes. J. Comp. Pathol. 76:9-14.
9. Cui, Q., G.-J. Wang, C.-C. Su, and G. Balian. 1997. Lovastatin prevents steroid-induced adipogenesis and osteonecrosis. Clin Orthopaed. Rel. Res. 344:8-19.
10. Daum, R. S., W. H. Davis, K. B. Farris, R. J. Campeau, D. M. Mulvihill, and S. M. Shane. 1990. A model of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis in chickens. J. Orthop. Res. 8:804-813.
11. Dinev, I. 2009. Clinical and morphological investigations on the prevalence of lameness associated with femoral head necrosis in broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 50:284-290.
12. Duff, S. R. I. 1984a. Dyschondroplasia of the caput femoris in skeletally immature broilers. Res. Vet. Sci. 37:293-302.
13. Duff, S. R. I. 1984b. Capital femoral epiphyseal infarction in skeletally immature broilers. Res. Vet. Sci. 37:303-309.
14. Duff, S. R. I. 1984c. Consequences of capital femoral dyschondroplasia in young adult and skeletally mature broilers. Res. Vet. Sci. 37:310-319.
15. Duff, S. R. I. 1985. Hip instability in young adult broiler fowls. J. Comp. Pathol. 95:373-382.
16. Duff, S. R. I. 1986. Windswept deformities in poultry. J. Comp. Pathol. 96:147-158.
17. Duff, S. R. I. 1989a. Physeal clefts and disturbed endochondral ossification in broiler fowl. J. Comp. Pathol. 101:75-86.
18. Duff, S. R. I. 1989b. Disturbed endochondral ossification in the axial skeleton of young broiler fowls. J. Comp. Pathol. 101:399-409.
19. Duff, S. R. I. 1990a. Do different forms of spondylolisthesis occur in broiler fowls? Avian Pathol. 19:279-294.
20. Duff, S. R. I. 1990b. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Pages 254-283 in Poultry Diseases. 3rd ed. F. T. W. Jordan, ed. Bailliere Tindall, London, UK.
21. Duff, S. R. I., and P. M. Hocking. 1986. Effect of unilateral weightbearing on pelvic limb development in broiler fowls: Morphological and radiological findings. Res. Vet. Sci. 40:393-399.
22. Duff, S. R. I., and C. J. Randall. 1987. Observations on femoral head abnormalities in broilers. Res. Vet. Sci. 42:17-23.
23. Durairaj, V., R. Okimoto, K. Rasaputra, F. D. Clark, and N. C. Rath. 2009. Histopathology and serum clinical chemistry evaluation of broilers with femoral head separation disorder. Avian Dis. 53:21-25.
24. El-Lethey, H., B. Huber-Eicher, and T. W. Jungi. 2003. Exploration of stress-induced immunosuppression in chickens reveals both stress-resistant and stress-susceptible antigen responses. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 95:91-101.
25. Emslie, K. R., L. M. Fenner, and S. M. L. Nade. 1984. Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis: II. The effect of a metaphyseal abscess on the surrounding blood supply. J. Pathol. 142:129-134.
26. Emslie, K. R., and S. Nade. 1983. Acute hematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis: A description of the natural history in an avian model. Am. J. Pathol. 110:333-345.
27. Emslie, K. R., and S. Nade. 1985. Acute hematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Comp. Pathol. Bulletin 17:2-3.
28. Emslie, K. R., N. R. Ozanne, and S. M. L. Nade. 1983. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: An experimental model. J. Pathol. 141:157-167.
29. Griffiths, G. L., W. L. Hopkinson, and J. Lloyd. 1984. Staphylococcal necrosis in the head of the femur in broiler chickens. Aust. Vet. J. 61:293.
30. Grumbles, L. C. 1959. Cage layer fatigue (cage paralysis). Avian Dis. 3:122-125.
31. Haye, U., and P. Simons. 1978. Twisted legs in broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 19:549-557.
32. Howlett, C. R. 1980. The fine structure of the proximal growth plate and metaphysis of the avian tibia: Endochondral osteogenesis. J. Anat. 130:745-768.
33. Howlett, C. R., M. Dickson, and A. K. Sheridan. 1984. The fine structure of the proximal growth plate of the avian tibia: Vascular supply. J. Anat. 139:115-132.
34. Huff, G., W. Huff, N. Rath, J. Balog, N. B. Anthony, and K. Nestor. 2006. Stress-induced colibacillosis and turkey osteomyelitis complex in turkeys selected for increased body weight. Poult. Sci. 85:266-272.
35. Huff, G. R., W. E. Huff, N. C. Rath, and J. M. Balog. 2000. Turkey osteomyelitis complex. Poult. Sci. 79:1050-1056.
36. Hunt, C. D., D. A. Ollerich, and F. H. Nielsen. 1979. Morphology of the perforating cartilage canals in the proximal tibial growth plate of the chick. Anat. Rec. 194:143-157.
37. Joiner, K. S., F. J. Hoerr, E. van Santen, and S. J. Ewald. 2005. The avian major histocompatibility complex influences bacterial skeletal disease in broiler breeder chickens. Vet. Pathol. 42:275-281.
38. Julian, R. J. 1985. Osteochondrosis, dyschondroplasia, and osteomyelitis causing femoral head necrosis in turkeys. Avian Dis. 29:854-866.
39. Kense, M. J., and W. J. M. Landman. 2011. Enterococcus cecorum infections in broiler breeders and their offspring: Molecular epidemiology. Avian Pathol. 40:603-612.
40. Kestin, S. C., T. G. Knowles, A. F. Tinch, and N. G. Gregory. 1992. The prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens and its relationship with genotype. Vet. Rec. 131:190-194.
41. Kuscu, B., and A. Gurel. 2008. Lesions in the thymus and bone marrow in chicks with experimentally induced chicken infectious anemia disease. J. Vet. Sci. 9:15-23.
42. Lutfi, A. M. 1970. The mode of growth, fate, and function of cartilage canals. J. Anat. 106:135-145.
43. McCaskey, P. C., G. N. Rowland, R. K. Page, and L. R. Minear. 1982. Focal failures of endochondral ossification in the broiler. Avian Dis. 26:701-717.
44. McCullagh, J. J., P. T. McNamee, J. A. Smyth, and H. J. Ball. 1998. The use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infection in commercial broiler flocks. Vet. Microbiol. 63:275-281.
45. McNamee, P. T., J. J. McCullagh, J. D. Rodgers, B. H. Thorp, H. J. Ball, T. J. Connor, D. McConaghy, and J. A. Smyth. 1999. Development of an experimental model of bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis in broilers following exposure to Staphylococcus aureus by aerosol, and inoculation with chicken anemia and infectious bursal disease viruses. Avian Pathol. 28:26-35.
46. McNamee, P. T., J. J. McCullagh, B. H. Thorp, H. J. Ball, D. Graham, S. J. McCullough, D. McConaghy, and J. A. Smyth. 1998. Study of leg weakness in two commercial broiler flocks. Vet. Rec. 143:131-135.
47. McNamee, P. T., and J. A. Smyth. 2000. Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (femoral head necrosis) of broiler chickens: A review. Avian Pathol. 29:253-270.
48. McNulty, M. S. 1991. Chicken anemia agent: A review. Avian Pathol. 20:187-203.
49. Mutalib, A., C. Riddell, and A. D. Osborne. 1983a. Studies on the pathogenesis of staphylococcal osteomyelitis in chickens. I. Effect of stress on experimentally induced osteomyelitis. Avian Dis. 27:141-156.
50. Mutalib, A., C. Riddell, and A. D. Osborne. 1983b. Studies on the pathogenesis of staphylococcal osteomyelitis in chickens. II. Role of the respiratory tract as a route of infection. Avian Dis. 27:157-160.
51. Nairn, M. E. 1973. Bacterial osteomyelitis and synovitis in the turkey. Avian Dis. 17:504-517.
52. Nairn, M. E., and A. R. A. Watson. 1972. Leg weakness of poultry-A clinical and pathological characterization. Aust. Vet. J. 48:645-656.
53. NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
54. Pattison, M. 1992. Impacts of bone problems on the poultry meat industry. Pages 329-338 in Bone Biology and Skeletal Disorders in Poultry. Poultry Science Symposium No 23. C. C. Whitehead, ed. Carfax Publ. Co., Abingdon, UK.
55. Riddell, C. 1973. Studies on spondylolisthesis (kinky back) in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 2:295-304.
56. Riddell, C. 1975. Studies on the pathogenesis of tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens. I. Production of a similar defect by surgical interference. Avian Dis. 19:483-489.
57. Riddell, C. 1976. Selection of broiler chickens for high and low incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia with observations on spondylolisthesis and twisted legs (perosis). Poult. Sci. 55:145-151.
58. Riddell, C. 1983. Pathology of the skeleton and tendons of broiler chickens reared to roaster weights. I. Crippled chickens. Avian Dis. 27:950-962.
59. Riddell, C. 1992. Noninfectious skeletal disorders of poultry-An overview. Pages 119-145 in Bone Biology and Skeletal Disorders in Poultry. Poultry Science Symposium No 23. C. C. Whitehead, ed. Carfax Publ. Co., Abingdon, UK.
60. Riddell, C., M. W. King, and K. R. Gunasekera. 1983. Pathology of the skeleton and tendons of broiler chickens reared to roaster weights. II. Normal chickens. Avian Dis. 27:980-991.
61. Rodgers, J. D., J. J. McCullagh, P. T. McNamee, J. A. Smyth, and H. J. Ball. 1999. Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from personnel in a poultry hatchery and in broiler parent farms with those isolated from skeletal disease in broilers. Vet. Microbiol. 69:189-198.
62. Roush, W. B., and R. F. Wideman. 2000. Evaluation of growth velocity and acceleration in relation to pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS). Poult. Sci. 79:180-191.
63. Skeeles, K. J. 1997. Staphylococcosis. Pages 247-253 in Diseases of Poultry. 10th ed. B. W. Calnek, H. J. Barnes, C. W. Beard, L. R. McDougald, and Y. M. Saif, ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
64. Sørensen, P., G. Su, and S. C. Kestin. 2000. Effect of age and stocking density on leg weakness in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 79:864-870.
65. Speers, D. J., and S. M. L. Nade. 1985. Ultrastructural studies of adherence of Staphylococcus aureus in experimental acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. Infect. Immun. 49:443-446.
66. Tate, C. R., W. C. Mitchell, and R. G. Miller. 1993. Staphylococcus hyicus associated with turkey stifle joint osteomyelitis. Avian Dis. 37:905-907.
67. Thorp, B. H. 1988. Vascular pattern of the developing intertarsal joint in the domestic fowl. Res. Vet. Sci. 44:100-111.
68. Thorp, B. H. 1992. Abnormalities in the growth of leg bones. Pages 147-166 in Bone Biology and Skeletal Disorders in Poultry. Poultry Science Symposium No 23. C. C. Whitehead, ed. Carfax Publ. Co., Abingdon, UK.
69. Thorp, B. H. 1994. Skeletal disorders in the fowl: A review. Avian Pathol. 23:203-236.
70. Thorp, B. H., and S. R. I. Duff. 1988. Effect of unilateral weightbearing on pelvic limb development in broiler fowls: Vascular studies. Res. Vet. Sci. 44:164-174.
71. Thorp, B. H., and D. Waddington. 1997. Relationships between the bone pathologies, ash and mineral content of long bones in 35-day-old broiler chickens. Res. Vet. Sci. 62:67-73.
72. Thorp, B. H., C. C. Whitehead, L. Dick, J. M. Bradbury, R. C. Jones, and A. Wood. 1993. Proximal femoral degeneration in growing broiler fowl. Avian Pathol. 22:325-342.
73. Trueta, J., and V. P. Amato. 1960. The vascular contribution to osteogenesis III. Changes in the growth cartilage caused by experimentally induced ischaemia. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 42-B:571-587.
74. Waters, A. E., T. Contente-Cuomo, J. Buchhagen, C. M. Liu, L. Watson, K. Pierce, J. T. Foster, J. Bowers, E. M. Driebe, D. M. Engelthaler, P. S. Keim, and L. B. Price. 2011. Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in US meat and poultry. Clin. Infect. Dis. 52:1227-1230.
75. Weeks, C. A., T. D. Danbury, H. C. Davies, P. Hunt, and S. C. Kestin. 2000. The behaviour of broiler chickens and its modification by lameness. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 67:111-125.
76. Wideman, R. F., and Y. K. Kirby. 1995. A pulmonary artery clamp model for inducing pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers. Poult. Sci. 74:805-812.
77. Wise, D. R. 1971. Staphylococcal osteomyelitis of the avian vertebral column. Res. Vet. Sci. 12:169-171.
78. Wise, D. R., A. R. Jennings, and D. E. Bostock. 1973. Perosis in turkeys. Res. Vet. Sci. 14:167-172.
79. Wyers, M., Y. Cherel, and G. Plassiart. 1991. Late clinical expression of lameness related to associated osteomyelitis and tibial dyschondroplasia in male breeding turkeys. Avian Dis. 35:408-414.
80. Ytrehus, B., H. H. Andreas, C. N. Mellum, C. S. Carlson, S. Ekman, J. Teige, and F. P. Reinholt. 2004. Experimental ischemia of porcine growth cartilage produces lesions of osteochondrosis. J. Orthop. Res. 22:1201-1209.
81. Ytrehus, B., C. S. Carlson, and S. Ekman. 2007. Etiology and pathogenesis of osteochondrosis. Vet. Pathol. 44:429-448.