Water droplet accumulation and motion in PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell mini-channels

Energy

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 63-73

  Carton, J G ^a   Lawlor, V ^a,b   Olabi, A G ^a   Hochenauer, C ^b   Zauner, G ^b  

^a DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES UPPER AUSTRIA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Flow plate; Mini channel; PEM fuel cell; Visualisation; VOF; Water flooding

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; DROPS; VISUALIZATION;

CATALYST LAYERS; DROPLET FORMATION; EX SITU; FLOW CHANNELS; FLOW PLATES; FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE; GAS DIFFUSION LAYERS; LITERATURE REVIEWS; LOW TEMPERATURES; MEMBRANE DEHYDRATION; MINI CHANNELS; PEM FUEL CELL; PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; VOF; VOF (VOLUME OF FLUID); WATER DROPLETS; WATER SLUGS;

PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS (PEMFC);

BIOACCUMULATION; CATALYST; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION; FLOODING; FUEL CELL; LOW TEMPERATURE; MEMBRANE; NUMERICAL MODEL; VISUALIZATION; WATER FLOW; WATER MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84857690210     PISSN: 03605442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.10.023     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Supramaniam S. Fuel cells: from fundamentals to applications 2006, Springer Science & Business Media, New York.
2. Lawlor V., Zauner G., Hochenauer C., Mariani A., Griesser S., Carton J.G., et al. The use of a high temperature wind tunnel for MT-SOFC testing-part I: detailed experimental temperature measurement of an MT-SOFC using an Avant-Garde high temperature wind tunnel and various measurement techniques. Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 2010 December, 7(6):061016. (7 pp.).
3. Carton J.G., Olabi A.G. Wind/hydrogen hybrid systems: opportunity for Ireland's wind resource to provide consistent sustainable energy supply. Energy 2010, 35(12):4536-4544.
4. Haas H.R., Davis M.T. Electrode and catalyst durability requirements in automotive PEM applications: Technology status of a recent MEA design and next generation challenges. Anonymous 9th proton exchange membrane fuel cell symposium (PEMFC 9) - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, October 4, 2009-October 925 Vienna, Austria 2009, 1623-1631. Electrochemical Society Inc.
5. Achour H., Carton J.G., Olabi A.G. Estimating vehicle emissions from road transport, case study: Dublin City 2011.
6. Neef H.- International overview of hydrogen and fuel cell research. Energy 2009 March, 34(3):327-333.
7. Hassan N.S.M., Daud W.R.W., Sopian K., Sahari J. Water management in a single cell proton exchange membrane fuel cells with a serpentine flow field. Journal of Power Sources 2009, 193(1):249-257.
8. Pasaogullari U., Wang C.Y. Liquid water transport in gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Journal of Electrochemical Society 2004 March, 151(3):399-406.
9. Yi J.S., Nguyen T.V. The effect of the flow distributor on the performance of PEM fuel cells. Anonymous proceeding of the first international symposium on proton conducting membrane fuel cells 1 Pennington, NJ, USA Oct 1995, vol. 8:66-75. Electrochem. Soc.
10. Li X., Sabir I., Park J. A flow channel design procedure for PEM fuel cells with effective water removal. Journal of Power Sources 01 Jan 2007, 163(2):933-942.
11. Jin H.N., Lee Kyu-Jin, Hwang Gi-Suk, Kim Charn-Jung, Kaviany M. Microporous layer for water morphology control in PEMFC. International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer 2009 May, 52(11-12):2779-2791.
12. Jin H.N., Kaviany M. Effective diffusivity and water-saturation distribution in single- and two-layer PEMFC diffusion medium. International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer 2003 November, 46(24):4595-4611.
13. Djilali N., Litster S., Sinton D. Ex situ visualization of liquid water transport in PEM fuel cell gas diffusion layers. Journal of Power Sources 09 March 2006, 154(1):95-105.
14. Holmstrom N., Ihonen J., Lundblad A., Lindbergh G. The influence of the gas diffusion layer on water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Fuel Cells 2007, 7(4):306-313.
15. Wang Xiao-Dong, Duan Yuan-Yuan, Yan Wei-Mon, Peng Xiao-Feng Local transport phenomena and cell performance of PEM fuel cells with various serpentine flow field designs. Journal of Power Sources 03 Jan 2008, 175(1):397-407.
16. Wills J. Imaging water in PEM fuel cells. Fuel Cell Review 2005, 2(5):27-29.
17. Wang Xiao-Dong, Zhang Xin-Xin, Yan Wei-Mon, Lee Duu-Jong, Su A. Determination of the optimal active area for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with parallel, interdigitated or serpentine designs. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2009 May, 34(9):3823-3832.
18. Djilali N. Computational modelling of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells: challenges and opportunities. Energy 2007 April, 32(4):269-280.
19. Siegel C. Review of computational heat and mass transfer modeling in polymer-electrolyte-membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Energy 2008, 33(9):1331-1352.
20. Kumbur E.C., Sharp K.V., Mench M.M. Liquid droplet behavior and instability in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell flow channel. J. Power Sources 20 Oct 2006, 161(1):333-345.
21. Park J., Li X. Multi-phase micro-scale flow simulation in the electrodes of a PEM fuel cell by lattice Boltzmann method. Journal of Power Sources 15 Mar 2008, 178(1):248-257.
22. Kimball Erin, Whitaker Tamara, Kevrekidis I.G., Benziger J.B. Drops, slugs and flooding in PEM fuel cells. Anonymous 7th symposium devoted to proton exchange membrane fuel cells - 212th ECS Meeting, October 7, 2007-October 1211 Washington, DC 2007, 725-736. Electrochemical Society Inc., United States.
23. Yang X.G., Zhang F.Y., Lubawy A.L., Wang C.Y. Visualization of liquid water transport in a PEFC. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 2004 November, 7(11):408-411.
24. Hakenjos A., Muenter H., Wittstadt U., Hebling C. A PEM fuel cell for combined measurement of current and temperature distribution, and flow field flooding. Journal of Power Sources 2004, 131(1-2):213-216.
25. Gao B., Steenhuis T.S., Zevi Y., Parlange J.-, Carter R.N., Trabold T.A. Visualization of unstable water flow in a fuel cell gas diffusion layer. Journal of Power Sources 2009, 190(2):493-498.
26. Zhu X., Sui P.C., Djilali N. Dynamic behaviour of liquid water emerging from a GDL pore into a PEMFC gas flow channel. Journal of Power Sources 2007, 172(1):287-295.
27. Tüber K., Pócza D., Hebling C. Visualization of water buildup in the cathode of a transparent PEM fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 24 Nov 2003, 124(2):403-414.
28. Ge S., Wang Chao-Yang Liquid water formation and transport in the PEFC anode. Journal of Electrochemical Society 2007 October, 154(10):B998-B1005.
29. Quan P., Lai Ming-Chia Numerical study of water management in the air flow channel of a PEM fuel cell cathode. Journal of Power Sources 10 Jan 2007, 164(1):222-237.
30. Liu Z., Mao Z., Wang C. A two dimensional partial flooding model for PEMFC. Journal of Power Sources 25 Aug 2006, 158(2):1229-1239.
31. Zhu X., Liao Q., Sui P.C., Djilali N. Numerical investigation of water droplet dynamics in a low-temperature fuel cell microchannel: effect of channel geometry. Journal of Power Sources 01 Feb 2010, 195(3):801-812.
32. Carton J.G., Olabi A.G. Design of experiment study of the parameters that affect performance of three flow plate configurations of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Energy 2010, 35(7):2796-2806.
33. Li H., Tang Y., Wang Z., Shi Z., Wu S., Song D., et al. A review of water flooding issues in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 15 Mar 2008, 178(1):103-117.
34. Ous T., Arcoumanis C. Visualisation of water droplets during the operation of PEM fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources 08 Nov 2007, 173(1):137-148.
35. Weng F., Su A., Hsu C., Lee C. Study of water-flooding behaviour in cathode channel of a transparent proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 03 Jul 2006, 157(2):674-680.
36. Hussaini I.S., Wang C. Visualization and quantification of cathode channel flooding in PEM fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources 2009, 187(2):444-451.
37. Lu Z., Kandlikar S.G., Rath C., Grimm M., Domigan W., White A.D., et al. Water management studies in PEM fuel cells, Part II: ex situ investigation of flow maldistribution, pressure drop and two-phase flow pattern in gas channels. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2009 May, 34(8):3445-3456.
38. Zhou B., Quan P., Sobiesiak A., Liu Z. Water behavior in serpentine micro-channel for proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode. Journal of Power Sources 01 Dec 2005, 152:131-145.
39. Fluent Inc. Fluent Manual & Tutorials. U.S., See Also: [accessed 2010]. http://my.fit.edu/itresources/manuals/fluent6.3/help/.
40. Van Sint Annaland M., Deen N.G., Kuipers J.A.M. Numerical simulation of gas bubbles behaviour using a three-dimensional volume of fluid method. Chemical Engineering Science 2005, 60(11):2999-3011.
41. Lai F., Sanchez C., Sanchez M. Numerical simulation of thermocapillary pumping using the volume of fluid method 2006, vol. 86. Anonymous Oklahoma Science, Oklahoma, 75-83.
42. Theodorakakos A., Ous T., Gavaises M., Nouri J.M., Nikolopoulos N., Yanagihara H. Dynamics of water droplets detached from porous surfaces of relevance to PEM fuel cells. Journal of Colloid Interface Science 2006, 300(2):673-687.
43. Bazylak A., Heinrich J., Djilali N., Sinton D. Liquid water transport between graphite paper and a solid surface. Journal of Power Sources 2008, 185(2):1147-1153.
44. Curtin D.E., Lousenberg R.D., Henry T.J., Tangeman P.C., Tisack M.E. Advanced materials for improved PEMFC performance and life. Journal of Power Sources 2004, 131(1-2):41-48.
45. Advani S.G., Spernjak D., Prasad A.K. Experimental investigation of liquid water formation and transport in a transparent single-serpentine PEM fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 10 Jul 2007, 170(2):334-344.
46. Du W., Zhang L., Bi X.T., Wilkinson D., Stumper J., Wang H. Two-dimensional simulations of gas-liquid two-phase flow in mini channels of PEM fuel cell flow field. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2010, 8.
47. Hu M., Zhu X., Gu A. Simulation of the internal transport phenomena for PEM fuel cells with different modes of flow. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2004, 12(1):14-26.