Aftercare, emergency department visits, and readmission in adolescents

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2012, Pages

  Carlisle, Corine E ^a,b   Mamdani, Muhammad ^b,c   Schachar, Russell ^a,b   To, Teresa ^a,b  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

aftercare; continuity of care; emergency psychiatry; mental health services; readmission

Indexed keywords

ADJUSTMENT DISORDER; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFTERCARE; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; COMORBIDITY; DATA BASE; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR; EATING DISORDER; EMERGENCY WARD; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH INSURANCE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HOSPITAL READMISSION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; MENTAL HOSPITAL; MOOD DISORDER; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OUTPATIENT CARE; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SUICIDE ATTEMPT;

EID: 84857633643     PISSN: 08908567     EISSN: 15275418     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.12.003     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Institute of Medicine Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders among Young People: Progress and Possibilities 2009 National Academies Press Washington, DC
2. M.J.L. Kirby, W.J. Keon The Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs SaT Out of the Shadows at Last: Transforming Mental Health, Mental Illness and Addiction Services in Canada The Senate, Canada. Final Report on Mental Health, Mental Illness and Addiction 2006
3. C. Waddell, K. McEwan, C.A. Shepherd, D.R. Offord, J.M. Hua A public health strategy to improve the mental health of Canadian children Can J Psychiatry 50 2005 226 233 (Pubitemid 41583260)
4. C. Clark, B. Rodgers, T. Caldwell, C. Power, S. Stansfeld Childhood and adulthood psychological ill health as predictors of midlife affective and anxiety disorders: the 1958 British Birth Cohort Arch Gen Psychiatry 64 2007 668 678 (Pubitemid 46878667)
5. M. Jokela, J. Ferrie, M. Kivimaki Childhood problem behaviors and death by midlife: the British National Child Development Study J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 48 2009 19 24
6. M. Knapp, P. McCrone, E. Fombonne, J. Beecham, G. Wostear The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression 3. Impact of comorbid conduct disorder on service use and costs in adulthood Br J Psychiatry 180 2002 19 23 (Pubitemid 34093620)
7. E. Fombonne, G. Wostear, V. Cooper, R. Harrington, M. Rutter The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression 1. Psychiatric outcomes in adulthood Br J Psychiatry 179 2001 210 217 (Pubitemid 32844281)
8. C. Waddell, D.R. Offord, C.A. Shepherd, J.M. Hua, K. McEwan Child psychiatric epidemiology and Canadian public policy-making: the state of the science and the art of the possible Can J Psychiatry 47 2002 825 832 (Pubitemid 35440148)
9. B.G. Case, M. Olfson, S.C. Marcus, C. Siegel Trends in the inpatient mental health treatment of children and adolescents in US community hospitals between 1990 and 2000 Arch Gen Psychiatry 64 2007 89 96 (Pubitemid 46041742)
10. A. Martin, D. Leslie Psychiatric inpatient, outpatient and medication utilization and costs among privately insured youths, 19972000 Am J Psychiatry 160 2003 757 764 (Pubitemid 41079610)
11. M. Olfson, M.J. Gameroff, S.C. Marcus, T. Greenberg, D. Shaffer National trends in hospitalization of youth with intentional self-inflicted injuries Am J Psychiatry 162 2005 1328 1335 (Pubitemid 40905584)
12. J.B. Romansky, J.S. Lyons, R.K. Lehner, C.M. West Factors related to psychiatric hospital readmission among children and adolescents in state custody Psychiatr Serv 54 2003 356 362 (Pubitemid 36753010)
13. J.C. Blader Symptom, family, and service predictors of children's psychiatric rehospitalization within one year of discharge J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43 2004 440 451 (Pubitemid 38812384)
14. C.A. Fontanella, S.J. Zuravin, C.L. Burry The effect of a Medicaid managed care program on patterns of psychiatric readmission among adolescents: evidence from Maryland J Behav Health Serv Res 33 2006 39 52 (Pubitemid 44421059)
15. J. Green, B. Jacobs, J. Beecham Inpatient treatment in child and adolescent psychiatrya prospective study of health gain and costs J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48 2007 1259 1267 (Pubitemid 350256555)
16. E.M. Arnold, D.B. Goldston, A. Ruggiero, B.A. Reboussin, S.S. Daniel, E.A. Hickman Rates and predictors of rehospitalization among formerly hospitalized adolescents Psychiatr Serv 54 2003 994 998 (Pubitemid 36793453)
17. J. Pedersen, T. Aarkrog A 10-year follow-up study of an adolescent psychiatric clientele and early predictors of readmission Nord J Psychiatry 55 2001 11 16 (Pubitemid 32243788)
18. E.M. Foster Do aftercare services reduce inpatient psychiatric readmissions? Health Serv Res 34 1999 715 736 (Pubitemid 29374517)
19. C.A. Fontanella The influence of clinical, treatment, and healthcare system characteristics on psychiatric readmission of adolescents Am J Orthopsychiatry 78 2008 187 198
20. C.R. Thomas, C.E. Holzer III The continuing shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 45 2006 1023 1031 (Pubitemid 44348741)
21. Z. Parker, M.M. Steele, W. Junek, L. Morin, S. Davidson, W. Fleisher Child Psychiatry in Canada: Physician Resources Position Statement 2002 Canadian Psychiatric Association Ottawa
22. D.B. Goldston, B.A. Reboussin, C. Kancler Rates and predictors of aftercare services among formerly hospitalized adolescents: a prospective naturalistic study J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42 2003 49 56 (Pubitemid 39610613)
23. S.D. Mayes, S.L. Calhoun, V.F. Krecko, H.P. Vesell, J. Hu Outcome following child psychiatric hospitalization J Behav Health Serv Res 28 2001 96 103 (Pubitemid 32367220)
24. J.F. Kelly, M.G. Myers, S.A. Brown A multivariate process model of adolescent 12-step attendance and substance use outcome following inpatient treatment Psychol Addict Behav 14 2000 376 389
25. C.A. King, J.D. Hovey, E. Brand, R. Wilson, N. Ghaziuddin Suicidal adolescents after hospitalization: parent and family impacts on treatment follow-through J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36 1997 85 93 (Pubitemid 27024232)
26. V. Granboulan, F. Roudot-Thoraval, S. Lemerle, P. Alvin Predictive factors of post-discharge follow-up care among adolescent suicide attempters Acta Psychiatr Scand 104 2001 31 36 (Pubitemid 32532327)
27. D.X. Parmelee, R. Cohen, M. Nemil, A.M. Best, S. Cassell, F. Dyson Children and adolescents discharged from public psychiatric hospitals: evaluation of outcome in a continuum of care J Child Fam Stud 4 1995 43 55
28. E.C. Soto, A.M. Frederickson, H. Trivedi Frequency and correlates of inappropriate pediatric psychiatric emergency room visits J Clin Psychiatry 70 2009 1164 1177
29. A.B. Goldstein, E. Frosch, S. Davarya, P.J. Leaf Factors associated with a six-month return to emergency services among child and adolescent psychiatric patients Psychiatr Serv 58 2007 1489 1492 (Pubitemid 350207274)
30. K.V. Christodulu, R. Lichenstein, M.D. Weist, M.E. Shafer, M. Simone Psychiatric emergencies in children Pediatr Emerg Care 18 2002 268 270
31. M.R. Sills, S.D. Bland Summary statistics for pediatric psychiatric visits to US emergency departments, 1993-1999 Pediatrics 110 2002 e40
32. R.C. Kessler, P. Berglund, O. Demler, R. Jin, E.E. Walters Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Arch Gen Psychiatry 62 2005 593 602 (Pubitemid 40973434)
33. T.M. Achenbach, L. Dumenci, L.A. Rescorla Are American children's problems still getting worse? A 23-year comparison J Abnorm Child Psychol 31 2003 1 11 (Pubitemid 36578347)
34. R.C. Kessler, O. Demler, R.G. Frank Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders, 1990 to 2003 N Engl J Med 352 2005 2515 2523 (Pubitemid 41007867)
35. S.T. Azrin, H.A. Huskamp, V. Azzone Impact of full mental health and substance abuse parity for children in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program Pediatrics 119 2007 452 459
36. C.A. Green, M.R. Polen, S.L. Janoff Understanding how clinician-patient relationships and relational continuity of care affect recovery from serious mental illness: STARS study results Psychiatr Rehabil J 32 2008 9 22
37. T.W. Pavkov, R.M. Goerge, B.J. Lee State hospital reentry among youth with serious emotional disturbance: a longitudinal analysis J Child Fam Stud 6 1997 373 383
38. T. To, A. Guttmann, P.T. Dick Inpatient and Day Surgery Use by Children in Ontario ICES Atlas 2001 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto
39. R.E. Gearing, I. Mian, A. Sholonsky Developing a risk-model of time to first-relapse for children and adolescents with a psychotic disorder J Nerv Ment Dis 197 2009 6 14
40. A.S. Newton, S. Ali, D.W. Johnson A 4-year review of pediatric mental health emergencies in Alberta Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine 11 2009 447 454
41. Statistics Canada 2006 Census Community Profiles 2006 Statistics Canada [serial online] http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92- 591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=35&Geo2=PR&Code2= 01&Data=Count&SearchText=Ontario&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR= 01&B1=All&Custom= Accessed May 13, 2011
42. B.T. Chan, P.C. Austin Patient, physician, and community factors affecting referrals to specialists in Ontario, Canada: a population-based, multi-level modelling approach Med Care 41 2003 500 511
43. E. Lin, B. Chan, P.N. Goering Variations in mental health needs and fee-for-service reimbursement for physicians in Ontario Psychiatr Serv 49 1998 1445 1451 (Pubitemid 28513657)
44. Canadian Institute for Health Information Regulated Nurses: Canadian Trends, 2004 to 2008 2010 Canadian Institute for Health Information Ottawa
45. A. Guttmann, B. Zagorski, P.C. Austin Effectiveness of emergency department asthma management strategies on return visits in children: a population-based study Pediatrics 120 2007 e1402 e1410
46. C. van Walraven, M. Mamdani, J. Fang, P.C. Austin Continuity of care and patient outcomes after hospital discharge J Gen Intern Med 19 2004 624 631 (Pubitemid 38803152)
47. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision 2000 American Psychiatric Association Washington, DC
48. I. Harpaz-Rotem, D. Leslie, R.A. Rosenheck Treatment retention among children entering a new episode of mental health care Psychiatr Serv 55 2004 1022 1028 (Pubitemid 39209685)
49. L.A. Warner, C.A. Fontanella, K.J. Pottick Initiation and change of psychotropic medication regimens among adolescents in inpatient care J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 17 2007 701 712 (Pubitemid 350058988)
50. B. Chan Supply of Physicians' Services in Ontario ICES Research Atlas 1999 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto
51. S.S. Daniel, D.B. Goldston, A.E. Harris, A.E. Kelley, G.K. Palmes Review of literature on aftercare services among children and adolescents Psychiatr Serv 55 2004 901 912 (Pubitemid 39025217)
52. R. Blais, J.J. Breton, M. Fournier, M. St-Georges, C. Berthiaume Are mental health services for children distributed according to needs? Can J Psychiatry 48 2003 176 186 (Pubitemid 36596947)
53. V. du Plessis, R. Beshiri, R.D. Bollman Definitions of "Rural" Working Paper No. 61 2002 Statistics Canada Ottawa, Canada Agriculture and Rural Working Paper Series
54. C. McNiven, H. Puderer Delineation of Canada's north: an examination of the north-south relationship in Canada 2000 Statistics Canada, Geography Division Ottawa, Canada Geography Working Paper Series
55. R.H. Glazier, P. Gozdyra, N. Yeritsyan Geographic Access to Primary Care and Hospital Services for Rural and Northern Communities: Report to the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care 2011 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto
56. J.D. Tepper, S.E. Schultz, D.M. Rothwell, B.T.B. Chan Physician Services in Rural and Northern Ontario ICES Investigative Report 2005 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto
57. M.J. Glesby, D.R. Hoover Survivor treatment selection bias in observational studies: examples from the AIDS literature Ann Intern Med 124 2005 999 1005
58. R.B.J. D'Agostino Tutorial in biostatistics: propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group Stat Med 17 1998 2265 2281
59. P.R. Rosenbaum, D.B. Rubin Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score Am Stat 39 1985 33 38
60. P.C. Austin Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples Stat Med 28 2009 3083 3107
61. D.R. Cox Regression models and life tables J R Stat Soc B34 1972 187 220
62. S. Sytema, P. Burgess, M. Tansella Does community care decrease length of stay and risk of rehospitalization in new patients with schizophrenia disorders? A comparative case register study in Groningen, the Netherlands; Victoria, Australia; and South-Verona, Italy Schizophr Bull 28 2002 273 281 (Pubitemid 35462243)
63. H.-C. Lin, H.-C. Lee The association between timely outpatient visits and the likelihood of rehospitalization for schizophrenia patients Am J Orthopsychiatry 78 2008 494 497
64. N.C. Silva, D.G. Bassani, L.S. Palazzo A case-control study of factors associated with multiple psychiatric readmissions Psychiatr Serv 60 2009 786 791
65. J.C. West, J.E. Wilk, D.S. Rae Medicaid prescription drug policies and medication access and continuity: findings from ten states Psychiatr Serv 60 2009 601 610
66. B.J. Tonge, G.C. Hughes, J.M. Pullen, J. Beaufoy, S. Gold Comprehensive description of adolescents admitted to a public psychiatric inpatient unit and their families Aust N Z J Psychiatry 42 2008 627 635 (Pubitemid 352015741)
67. D.L. Pogge, B. Insalaco, H. Bertisch Six-year outcomes in first admission adolescent inpatients: clinical and cognitive characteristics at admission as predictors Psychiatry Res 160 2008 47 54
68. J. McClellan, D. Breiger, C. McCurry, S.A. Hlastala Premorbid functioning in early-onset psychotic disorders J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42 2003 666 672 (Pubitemid 39625052)
69. G. Masi, S. Millepiedi, M. Mucci, R.R. Pascale, G. Perugi, H.S. Akiskal Phenomenology and comorbidity of dysthymic disorder in 100 consecutively referred children and adolescents: beyond DSM-IV Can J Psychiatry 48 2003 99 105 (Pubitemid 36402210)
70. S. Szick, D.E. Angus, G. Nichol, M.B. Harrison, J. Page, D. Moher Health Care Delivery in Canada and the United States: Are There Relevant Differences in Health Care Outcomes? 1999 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto
71. C. van Walraven, A. Jennings, M. Taljaard et al. Incidence of potentially avoidable urgent readmission and their relation to all-cause urgent readmissions Can Med Assoc J 183 2011 E1067 E1072
72. W.D. Klinkenberg, R.J. Calsyn Predictors of receipt of aftercare and recidivism among persons with severe mental illness: a review Psychiatr Serv 47 1996 487 496 (Pubitemid 26141367)
73. R. Andersen, J.F. Newman Societal and individual determinants of medical care in the United States Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc 51 1973 95 124
74. J.K. Sargeant, T. Adey, F. McGregor Psychiatric human resources planning in Canada Can J Psychiatry 55 Suppl 2010 1 20
75. L.I. Iezzoni Risk Adjustment for Measuring Healthcare Outcomes 3 ed. 2003 Health Administration Press Chicago
76. P.R. Rosenbaum, D.B. Rubin The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effect Biometrika 70 1983 41 55
77. R.B. D'Agostino, W. Lang, M. Walkup, T. Morgan, A. Karter Examining the impact of missing data on propensity score estimation in determining the effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) Health Serv Outcomes Res Method 2 2001 291 315
78. P.R. Rosenbaum Observational Studies 1995 Springer New York
79. P.C. Austin, M. Mamdani, T.A. Stukel, G.M. Anderson, J.V. Tu The use of propensity scores for estimating treatment effects: administrative versus clinical data Stat Med 24 2005 1563 1578 (Pubitemid 40716354)
80. W.G. Cochran The effectiveness of adjustment by subclassification in removing bias in observational studies Biometrics 24 1968 205 213
81. P.R. Rosenbaum, D.B. Rubin Reducing bias in observational studies using subclassification the propensity score J Am Stat Assoc 79 1984 516 524
82. P.R. Rosenbaum, D.B. Rubin Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score Am Stat 39 1985 33 38
83. R.B.J. D'Agostino Tutorial in biostatistics: propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group Stat Med 17 1998 2265 2281
84. P.R. Rosenbaum Model-based direct adjustment J Am Stat Assoc 82 1987 387 394
85. P. Austin, R. Platt Survivor treatment bias, treatment selection bias and propensity scores in observational research J Clin Epidemiol 63 2010 136 138
86. P.C. Austin The relative ability of different propensity score methods to balance measured covariates between treated and untreated subjects in observational studies Med Decis Making 29 2009 661 677