Trends in the inpatient mental health treatment of children and adolescents in US community hospitals between 1990 and 2000

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 64, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 89-96

  Case, Brady G ^a,d   Olfson, Mark ^b   Marcus, Steven C ^c   Siegel, Carole ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^d RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADJUSTMENT DISORDER; ADOLESCENCE; ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; AUTOMUTILATION; CHILD; CHILD CARE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMMUNITY HOSPITAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; MOOD DISORDER; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT CARE; PSYCHOSIS; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; CHILD; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HOSPITALIZATION; HOSPITALS, COMMUNITY; HUMANS; LENGTH OF STAY; MENTAL DISORDERS; PATIENT DISCHARGE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 33845966787     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: 15383636     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.1.89     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Bao Y, Sturm R. How do trends for behavioral health inpatient care differ from medical inpatient care in U.S. community hospitals? J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2001;4:55-63.
2. Mechanic D, McAlpine DD, Olfson M. Changing patterns of psychiatric inpatient care in the United States, 1988-1994. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:785-791.
3. Bernstein A, Hing E, Moss A, Allen K, Siller A, Tiggle R. Health care in America: trends in utilization [DHHS Publication No. 2004-1031]. Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 2003.
4. Leslie DL, Rosenheck RA, Horwitz SM. Patterns of mental health utilization and costs among children in a privately insured population. Health Serv Res. 2001;36:113-127.
5. Martin A, Leslie D. Psychiatric inpatient, outpatient, and medication utilization and costs among privately insured youths, 1997-2000. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:757-764.
6. Pottick KJ, Warner LA, Isaacs M, Henderson MJ, Milazzo-Sayre LJ, Manderscheid RW. Children and adolescents admitted to specialty mental health care programs in the United States, 1986 and 1997. In: Henderson MJ, ed. Mental Health, United States, 2002 [DHHS Pub No. (SMA) 3938]. Rockville, Md: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services; 2004:314-326.
7. Pottick KJ, McAlpine DD, Andelman RB. Changing patterns of psychiatric inpatient care for children and adolescents in general hospitals, 1988-1995. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1267-1273.
8. Ringel JS, Sturm R. National estimates of mental health utilization and expenditures for children in 1998. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2001;28:319-333.
9. Yearbook of Managed Behavioral Health and Employee Assistance Program Market Share in the United States, 2002-2003. Gettysburg, Pa: Open Minds; 2002.
10. Medicaid managed care program summary, June 30, 1995. Washington, DC: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
11. Medicaid Managed Care Enrollment Report. Washington, DC: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; 2002.
12. State profiles, 1999, on public sector managed behavioral health care [DHHS Publication No. [SMA] 00-3432]. The Lewin Group. Rockville, Md: Office of Managed Care, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000.
13. Zito JM, Safer DJ, DosReis S, Gardner JF, Magder L, Soeken K, Boles M, Lynch F, Riddle MA. Psychotropic practice patterns for youth: a 10-year perspective. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:17-25.
14. Olfson M, Marcus SC, Weissman MM, Jensen PS. National trends in the use of psychotropic medications by children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41:514-521.
15. Design of the HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2000. Rockville, Md: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2002.
16. Houchens R, Elixhauser A. Using the HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample to estimate trends [HCUP Methods Series Report No. 2005-01]. Rockville, Md: US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2005.
17. Census regions and divisions of the United States. Washington, DC: Geography Division, US Bureau of the Census.
18. Overview of the HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), 2000. Rockville, Md: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2002.
19. National intercensal estimates (1990-2000). Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census.
20. Bridged-race population estimates (vintage 2003) request. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2006.
21. Statistical abstract of the United States: 1992. Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census; 1992.
22. Statistical abstract of the United States: 2002. Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census; 2002.
23. Consumer price index: all urban consumers, medical care [series ID CUUR0000SAM, base period 1982-84]. Washington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor.
24. Goodwin R, Gould MS, Blanco C, Olfson M. Prescription of psychotropic medications to youths in office-based practice. Psychiatr Serv. 2001;52:1081-1087.
25. Milazzo-Sayre LJ, Henderson MJ, Manderscheid RW, Bokossa MC, Evans C, Male AA. Persons treated in specialty mental health care programs, United States, 1997. In: Henderson MJ, ed. Mental Health, United States, 2000 [DHHS Pub No. (SMA) 01-3537]. Rockville, Md: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services; 2001:172-217.
26. Henderson MJ, ed. Mental Health, United States, 1992 [DHHS Pub No. (SMA) 92-1942]. Washington, DC: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services; 1992:314-326.
27. Thomas MR, Rosenberg SA, Giese AA, Fryer GE, Dubovsky SL, Shore JH. Shortening length of stay without increasing recidivism on a university-affiliated inpatient unit. Psychiatr Serv. 1996;47:996-998.
28. Lyons JS, O'Mahoney MT, Miller SI, Neme J, Kabat J, Miller F. Predicting readmission to the psychiatric hospital in a managed care environment: implications for quality indicators. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:337-340.
29. Geller JL, Fisher WH, McDermeit M, Brown JM. The effects of public managed care on patterns of intensive use of inpatient psychiatric services. Psychiatr Serv. 1998;49:327-332.
30. Korkeila JA, Lehtinen V, Tuori T, Helenius H. Frequently hospitalised psychiatric patients: a study of predictive factors. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1998;33:528-534.
31. Kessing LV, Andersen PK, Mortensen PB. Predictors of recurrence in affective disorder: a case register study. J Affect Disord. 1998;49:101-108.
32. Lieberman PB, Wiitala SA, Elliott B, McCormick S, Goyette SB. Decreasing length of stay: are there effects on outcomes of psychiatric hospitalization? Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155:905-909.
33. Wickizer TM, Lessler D, Boyd-Wickizer J. Effects of health care cost-containment programs on patterns of care and readmissions among children and adolescents. Am J Public Health. 1999;89:1353-1358.
34. Figueroa R, Harman J, Engberg J. Use of claims data to examine the impact of length of inpatient psychiatric stay on readmission rate. Psychiatr Serv. 2004;55:560-565.
35. Sharfstein J. Unhealthy partnership. The American Prospect. 2001;12:24.
36. Knox RA, Dembner A. Trapped in mental ward: state lacks programs for troubled youths. Boston Globe. June 4, 2000:A1.
37. Goldberg C. Children trapped by mental illness. New York Times. July 9, 2001:A1.
38. Sugg D. A hospital crisis: children in need of psychiatric care. Baltimore Sun. February 13, 2000:A1.
39. West SA, Strakowski SM, Sax KW, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, McConville BJ. Phenomenology and comorbidity of adolescents hospitalized for the treatment of acute mania. Biol Psychiatry. 1996;39:458-460.
40. West SA, McElroy SL, Strakowski SM, Keck PE Jr, McConville BJ. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescent mania. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:271-273.
41. Kovacs M, Pollock M. Bipolar disorder and comorbid conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:715-723.
42. Wozniak J, Biederman J, Kiely K, Ablon JS, Faraone SV, Mundy E, Mennin D. Mania-like symptoms suggestive of childhood-onset bipolar disorder in clinically referred children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:867-876.
43. Wozniak J, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Frazier J, Kim J, Millstein R, Gershon J, Thornell A, Cha K, Snyder JB. Mania in children with pervasive developmental disorder revisited. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:1552-1559.
44. Bowring MA, Kovacs M. Difficulties in diagnosing manic disorders among children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992;31:611-614.
45. Youngstrom EA, Findling RL, Calabrese JR, Gracious BL, Demeter C, Bedoya DD, Price M. Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of six potential screening instruments for bipolar disorder in youths aged 5 to 17 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43:847-858.
46. Pogge DL, Wayland-Smith D, Zaccario M, Borgaro S, Stokes J, Harvey PD. Diagnosis of manic episodes in adolescent inpatients: structured diagnostic procedures compared to clinical chart diagnoses. Psychiatry Res. 2001;101:47-54.
47. Robison LM, Skaer TL, Sclar DA, Galin RS. Is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder increasing among girls in the US? trends in diagnosis and the prescribing of stimulants. CNS Drugs. 2002;16:129-137.
48. Mandell DS, Thompson WW, Weintraub ES, Destefano F, Blank MB. Trends in diagnosis rates for autism and ADHD at hospital discharge in the context of other psychiatric diagnoses. Psychiatr Serv. 2005;56:56-62.
49. Kataoka SH, Zhang L, Wells KB. Unmet need for mental health care among U.S. children: variation by ethnicity and insurance status. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1548-1555.
50. Garland AF, Lau AS, Yeh M, McCabe KM, Hough RL, Landsverk JA. Racial and ethnic differences in utilization of mental health services among high-risk youths. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1336-1343.
51. Report of the Surgeon General's Conference on Children's Mental Health: A National Action Agenda. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service; 2000.
52. Glied S, Bowen Garrett A, Hoven C, Rubio-Stipec M, Regier D, Moore RE, Goodman S, Wu P, Bird H. Child outpatient mental health service use: why doesn't insurance matter? J Ment Health Policy Econ. 1998;1:173-187.
53. Mansbach JM, Wharff E, Austin SB, Ginnis K, Woods ER. Which psychiatric patients board on the medical service? Pediatrics. 2003;111:e693-e698.
54. Burns BJ, Teagle SE, Schwartz M, Angold A, Holtzman A. Managed behavioral health care: a Medicaid carve-out for youth. Health Aff (Millwood). 1999;18:214-225.
55. Dickey B, Normand SL, Norton EC, Rupp A, Azeni H. Managed care and children's behavioral health services in Massachusetts. Psychiatr Serv. 2001;52:183-188.
56. Saunders RC, Heflinger CA. Access to and patterns of use of behavioral health services among children and adolescents in TennCare. Psychiatr Serv. 2003;54:1364-1371.
57. Cuellar AE, Libby AM, Snowden LR. How capitated mental health care affects utilization by youth in the juvenile justice and child welfare systems. Ment Health Serv Res. 2001;3:61-72.
58. Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, Kowatch RA, Hughes CW, Carmody T, Rintelmann J. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54:1031-1037.
59. Wilens TE, Biederman J, Kwon A, Chase R, Greenberg L, Mick E, Spencer TJ. A systematic chart review of the nature of psychiatric adverse events in children and adolescents treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2003;13:143-152.