Malaria elimination in Malawi: Research needs in highly endemic, poverty-stricken contexts

Acta Tropica

Volumn 121, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 218-226

  Wilson, Mark L ^a   Walker, Edward D ^b   Mzilahowa, Themba ^c   Mathanga, Don P ^c   Taylor, Terrie E ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b Michigan State University ^*  (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI   (Malawi)

^d MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa infectious disease; Anopheles ecology; Malaria eradication; Plasmodium transmission; Public health policy; Vector control

Indexed keywords

ARTEMISIN; PYRIMETHAMINE PLUS SULFADOXINE;

DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DISEASE VECTOR; HEALTH POLICY; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; LOW INCOME POPULATION; MALARIA; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; POVERTY; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK FACTOR;

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANOPHELES; ARTICLE; BED NET; BRAIN MALARIA; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; DRUG INDICATION; ENDEMIC DISEASE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEALTH SURVEY; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; MALARIA; MALARIA CONTROL; MALAWI; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MICROBIAL GENETICS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NATIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION; NONHUMAN; PARASITE INCIDENCE; PARASITE LOAD; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; PARASITE VECTOR; PESTICIDE SPRAYING; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; POPULATION DYNAMICS; POVERTY; PREGNANT WOMAN; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCREENING TEST; SEASONAL VARIATION; SOCIAL STATUS; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE; VECTOR CONTROL;

ANIMALS; ANOPHELES; DISEASE ERADICATION; ENDEMIC DISEASES; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MALARIA; MALAWI; PLASMODIUM; POVERTY; RESEARCH; RURAL POPULATION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; URBAN POPULATION;

MALAWI;

EID: 84857450093     PISSN: 0001706X     EISSN: 18736254     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.11.002     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Alonso P.L., Brown G., Arevalo-Herrera M., Binka F., Chitnis C., Collins F., Doumbo O.K., Greenwood B., Hall B.F., Levine M.M., Mendis K., Newman R.D., Plowe C.V., Rodriguez M.H., Sinden R., Slutsker L., Tanner M. A research agenda to underpin malaria eradication. PLoS Med. 2011, 8:e1000406.
2. Anthony T.G., Conway D.J., Cox-Singh J., Matusop A., Ratnam S., Shamsul S., Singh B. Fragmented population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in a region of declining endemicity. J. Infect. Dis. 2005, 191:1558-1564.
3. Birbeck G.L., Molyneux M.E., Kaplan P.W., Seydel K.B., Chimalizeni Y.F., Kawaza K., Taylor T.E. Blantyre Malaria Project Epilepsy Study (BMPES) of neurological outcomes in retinopathy-positive paediatric cerebral malaria survivors: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2010, 9:1173-1181.
4. Bowie C. Poverty and Health in Malawi. Malawi Med. J. 2006, 18:5-12.
5. Chibwana A.I., Mathanga D.P., Chinkhumba J., Campbell C.H. Socio-cultural predictors of health-seeking behaviour for febrile under-five children in Mwanza-Neno district, Malawi. Malar. J. 2009, 8:219.
6. Chinkhumba J., Skarbinski J., Chilima B., Campbell C., Ewing V., San Joaquin M., Sande J., Ali D., Mathanga D. Comparative field performance and adherence to test results of four malaria rapid diagnostic tests among febrile patients more than five years of age in Blantyre, Malawi. Malar. J. 2010, 9. -
7. Chizema-Kawesha E., Miller J.M., Steketee R.W., Mukonka V.M., Mukuka C., Mohamed A.D., Miti S.K., Campbell C.C. Scaling up malaria control in Zambia: progress and impact 2005-2008. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2010, 83:480-488.
8. Coetzee M., Fontenille D. Advances in the study of Anopheles funestus, a major vector of malaria in Africa. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2004, 34:599-605.
9. Cohen J.M., Moonen B., Snow R.W., Smith D.L. How absolute is zero? An evaluation of historical and current definitions of malaria elimination. Malar. J. 2010, 9:213.
10. Escalante A.A., Lal A.A., Ayala F.J. Genetic polymorphism and natural selection in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Genetics 1998, 149:189-202.
11. Feachem R.G., Phillips A.A., Targett G.A., Snow R.W. Call to action: priorities for malaria elimination. Lancet 2010, 376:1517-1521.
12. Ferguson H.M., Dornhaus A., Beeche A., Borgemeister C., Gottlieb M., Mulla M.S., Gimnig J.E., Fish D., Killeen G.F. Ecology: a prerequisite for malaria elimination and eradication. PLoS Med. 2010, 7:e1000303.
13. Gatton M.L., Cheng Q. Interrupting malaria transmission: quantifying the impact of interventions in regions of low to moderate transmission. PLoS One 2010, 5:e15149.
14. Greenwood B. Can malaria be eliminated?. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2009, 103(Suppl 1):S2-S5.
15. Greenwood B.M. Control to elimination: implications for malaria research. Trends Parasitol. 2008, 24:449-454.
16. Gysels M., Pell C., Mathanga D.P., Adongo P., Odhiambo F., Gosling R., Akweongo P., Mwangi R., Okello G., Mangesho P., Slutsker L., Kremsner P.G., Grobusch M.P., Hamel M.J., Newman R.D., Pool R. Community response to intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) delivered through the expanded programme of immunization in five African settings. Malar. J. 2009, 8:191.
17. Harris I., Sharrock W.W., Bain L.M., Gray K.A., Bobogare A., Boaz L., Lilley K., Krause D., Vallely A., Johnson M.L., Gatton M.L., Shanks G.D., Cheng Q. A large proportion of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections with low and sub-microscopic parasite densities in the low transmission setting of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands: challenges for malaria diagnostics in an elimination setting. Malar. J. 2010, 9:254.
18. Hay S.I., Smith D.L., Snow R.W. Measuring malaria endemicity from intense to interrupted transmission. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2008, 8:369-378.
19. Hommel M. Towards a research agenda for global malaria elimination. Malar. J. 2008, 7(Suppl 1):S1.
20. Hunt R., Edwardes M., Coetzee M. Pyrethroid resistance in southern African Anopheles funestus extends to Likoma Island in Lake Malawi. Parasit. Vectors 2010, 3:122.
21. Kalilani L., Mofolo I., Chaponda M., Rogerson S.J., Meshnick S.R. The effect of timing and frequency of Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy on the risk of low birth weight and maternal anemia. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2010, 104:416-422.
22. Laufer M.K., Takala-Harrison S., Dzinjalamala F.K., Stine O.C., Taylor T.E., Plowe C.V. Return of chloroquine-susceptible falciparum malaria in Malawi was a reexpansion of diverse susceptible parasites. J. Infect. Dis. 2010, 202:801-808.
23. Lewallen S., Bronzan R.N., Beare N.A., Harding S.P., Molyneux M.E., Taylor T.E. Using malarial retinopathy to improve the classification of children with cerebral malaria. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2008, 102:1089-1094.
24. Luntamo M., Kulmala T., Mbewe B., Cheung Y.B., Maleta K., Ashorn P. Effect of repeated treatment of pregnant women with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and azithromycin on preterm delivery in Malawi: a randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2010, 83:1212-1220.
25. Malawi Ministry of Health, 2005a. Health Management Information Bulletin, Annual Report (2004-2005). pp. 1-36.
26. Malawi Ministry of Health, 2005b. Malaria Strategic Plan 2005-2010: Scalig up Malaria Control Interventions. Lilongwe, Malawi.
27. Malawi Ministry of Health, 2010a. Final Evaluation of the Health Sector Programme of Work (2004-2010), Technical Report 2. pp. 1-23. http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/16987450/284173746/name/Malawi+POW+achievements+TR+draft.pdf.
28. Malawi Ministry of Health, 2010b. Health Management Information Bulletin, Annual Report (2009-2010). pp. 1-35.
29. Malawi Ministry of Health, 2010c. Malawi National Malaria Indicator Survey 2010. pp. 1-87.
30. Mathanga D.P., Campbell C.H., Vanden Eng J., Wolkon A., Bronzan R.N., Malenga G.J., Ali D., Desai M. Comparison of anaemia and parasitaemia as indicators of malaria control in household and EPI-health facility surveys in Malawi. Malar. J. 2010, 9:107.
31. Mathanga D.P., Campbell C.H., Taylor T.E., Barlow R., Wilson M.L. Socially marketed insecticide-treated nets effectively reduce Plasmodium infection and anaemia among children in urban Malawi. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2006, 11:1367-1374.
32. Mathanga D.P., Luman E.T., Campbell C.H., Silwimba C., Malenga G. Integration of insecticide-treated net distribution into routine immunization services in Malawi: a pilot study. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2009, 14:792-801.
33. Mathanga D.P., Walker E.D., Wilson M.L., Ali D., Taylor T.E., Laufer M.K. Malaria control in Malawi: current status and directions for the future. Acta Trop. 2011.
34. Mendis K., Rietveld A., Warsame M., Bosman A., Greenwood B., Wernsdorfer W.H. From malaria control to eradication: the WHO perspective. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2009, 14:802-809.
35. Mills A., Lubell Y., Hanson K. Malaria eradication: the economic, financial and institutional challenge. Malar. J. 2008, 7(Suppl 1):S11.
36. Moonen B., Cohen J.M., Snow R.W., Slutsker L., Drakeley C., Smith D.L., Abeyasinghe R.R., Rodriguez M.H., Maharaj R., Tanner M., Targett G. Operational strategies to achieve and maintain malaria elimination. Lancet 2010, 376:1592-1603.
37. Moonen B., Cohen J.M., Tatem A.J., Cohen J., Hay S.I., Sabot O., Smith D.L. A framework for assessing the feasibility of malaria elimination. Malar. J. 2010, 9:322.
38. Msyamboza K.P., Savage E.J., Kazembe P.N., Gies S., Kalanda G., D'Alessandro U., Brabin B.J. Community-based distribution of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy improved coverage but reduced antenatal attendance in southern Malawi. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2009, 14:183-189.
39. Mzilahowa T., Ball A.J., Bass C., Morgan J.C., Nyoni B., Steen K., Donnelly M.J., Wilding C.S. Reduced susceptibility to DDT in field populations of Anopheles quadriannulatus and Anopheles arabiensis in Malawi: evidence for larval selection. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2008, 22:258-263.
40. National Malaria Control Program, 2010. Malawi National Malaria Indicator Survey, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi.
41. National Statistical Office, 2010. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2010.
42. Ouedraogo A.L., Bousema T., Schneider P., de Vlas S.J., Ilboudo-Sanogo E., Cuzin-Ouattara N., Nebie I., Roeffen W., Verhave J.P., Luty A.J., Sauerwein R. Substantial contribution of submicroscopical Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage to the infectious reservoir in an area of seasonal transmission. PLoS One 2009, 4:e8410.
43. Raghavendra K., Barik T.K., Reddy B.P., Sharma P., Dash A.P. Malaria vector control: from past to future. Parasitol. Res. 2011, 108:757-779.
44. Rieckmann K.H. The chequered history of malaria control: are new and better tools the ultimate answer?. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 2006, 100:647-662.
45. Robert V., Macintyre K., Keating J., Trape J.F., Duchemin J.B., Warren M., Beier J.C. Malaria transmission in urban sub-Saharan Africa. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2003, 68:169-176.
46. Roberts L., Enserink M. Malaria. Did they really say...eradication?. Science 2007, 318:1544-1545.
47. Roca-Feltrer, A., Kwizombe, C.J., Sanjoaquin, M., Sesay, S., Faragher, B., Harrison, J., Geukers, K., Kabuluzi, S., Mathanga, D.P., Molyneux, E., Chagomera, M., Taylor, T., Molyneux, M., Heyderman, R.S. in press. No substantial decline in the burden of childhood outpatient or cerebral malaria at a large teaching hospital in Malawi between 2001 and 2010. Emerg. Infect. Dis.
48. Roll Back Malaria Partnership, 2008. Global Malaria Action Plan. p. 271.
49. Rowe A.K., Kachur S.P., Yoon S.S., Lynch M., Slutsker L., Steketee R.W. Caution is required when using health facility-based data to evaluate the health impact of malaria control efforts in Africa. Malar. J. 2009, 8:209.
50. Sabot O., Cohen J.M., Hsiang M.S., Kahn J.G., Basu S., Tang L., Zheng B., Gao Q., Zou L., Tatarsky A., Aboobakar S., Usas J., Barrett S., Cohen J.L., Jamison D.T., Feachem R.G. Costs and financial feasibility of malaria elimination. Lancet 2010, 376:1604-1615.
51. Steketee R.W., Campbell C.C. Impact of national malaria control scale-up programmes in Africa: magnitude and attribution of effects. Malar. J. 2010, 9:299.
52. Takala S.L., Plowe C.V. Genetic diversity and malaria vaccine design, testing and efficacy: preventing and overcoming 'vaccine resistant malaria'. Parasite Immunol. 2009, 31:560-573.
53. Tanner M., de Savigny D. Malaria eradication back on the table. Bull. World Health Organ. 2008, 86:82.
54. Tatem A.J., Smith D.L., Gething P.W., Kabaria C.W., Snow R.W., Hay S.I. Ranking of elimination feasibility between malaria-endemic countries. Lancet 2010, 376:1579-1591.
55. The malERA Consultative Group on Diagnoses and Diagnostics A research agenda for malaria eradication: diagnoses and diagnostics. PLoS Med. 2011, 8:e1000396.
56. The malERA Consultative Group on Drugs A research agenda for malaria eradication: drugs. PLoS Med. 2011, 8:e1000402.
57. The malERA Consultative Group on Health Systems and Operational Research A research agenda for malaria eradication: health systems and operational research. PLoS Med. 2011, 8:e1000397.
58. The malERA Consultative Group on Modeling A research agenda for malaria eradication: modeling. PLoS Med. 2011, 8:e1000403.
59. The malERA Consultative Group on Monitoring, Evaluation, Surveillance A research agenda for malaria eradication: monitoring, evaluation, and surveillance. PLoS Med. 2011, 8:e1000400.
60. The malERA Consultative Group on Vaccines A research agenda for malaria eradication: vaccines. PLoS Med. 2011, 8:e1000398.
61. The malERA Consultative Group on Vector Control A research agenda for malaria eradication: vector control. PLoS Med. 2011, 8:e1000401.
62. United Nations Development Program, 2010. Human Development Report 2010: The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development.
63. United Nations Human Settlement Programme, 2008. Country Programme Document 2008-2009 - Malawi. pp. 1-22.
64. World Bank. 2007. Development and the Next Generation. World Development Report. The World Bank. Washington, D.C. pp. 1-317.
65. World Health Organization, 1956. WHO Expert Committee on Malaria. Sixth Report. pp. 10-11.
66. World Health Organization, 2007. Malaria Elimination: A Field Manual for Low and Moderate Endemic Countries, 2007 ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 1-85.
67. World Health Organization, 2008. Global malaria control and elimination: report of a technical review. p. 47.
68. World Health Organization, 2010. World Malaria Report. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. p. v.
69. World Health Organization, 2011. World Health Statistics 2011. p. 170.