Community Health Workers in Brazil's Unified Health System: A framework of their praxis and contributions to patient health behaviors

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 74, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 940-947

  Pinto, Rogério M ^a   da Silva, Sueli Bulhões ^b   Soriano, Rafaela ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^b PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Brazil; CBPR; Community Health Workers' praxis; Patient outcome

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; HEALTH EDUCATION; INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE; PARTICIPATORY APPROACH; PARTNERSHIP APPROACH; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; SERVICE PROVISION;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR CHANGE; BRAZIL; COMMUNITY CARE; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; EDUCATION PROGRAM; EMPATHY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; HEALTH AUXILIARY; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; LEARNING; MALE; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PATIENT CARE; PREDICTION; PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; SKILL; STATISTICAL MODEL; TEACHING;

ADULT; BRAZIL; COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; STATE MEDICINE;

BRAZIL; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84857446372     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: 18735347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.025     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Abbatt F. Scaling up health and education workers: Community health workers 2005, Literature review, Department for International Development. Health Systems Resource Centre, London.
2. Ajzen I. From intentions to actions: a theory of planned behavior. Action-control: From cognition to behavior 1985, 11-39. Springer, Heidelberg. J. Kuhi, J. Beckmann (Eds.).
3. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1991, 50(2):179-211.
4. Alcock G.A., More N.S., Patil S., Porel M., Vaidya L., Osrin D. Community-based health programmes: role perceptions and experiences of female peer facilitators in Mumbai's urban slums. Health Education Research 2009, 24(6):957-966.
5. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 1977, 84(2):191-215.
6. Bandura A. Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist 1989, 44(9):1175-1184.
7. Bhui K., Warfa N., Edonya P., McKenzie K., Bhugra D. Cultural competence in mental health care: a review of model evaluations. BMC Health Services Research 2007, 7(1):15.
8. Bonvicini K.A., Perlin M.J., Bylund C.L., Carroll G., Rouse R.A., Goldstein M.G. Impact of communication training on physician expression of empathy in patient encounters. Patient Education and Counseling 2009, 75(1):3-10.
9. Borzak L. Field study: A sourcebook for experiential learning 1981, Sage Publications.
10. Brownstein J.N., Hirsch G.R., Rosenthal E.L., Rush C.H. Community health workers " 101" for primary care providers and other stakeholders in health care systems. The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 2011, 34(3):210-220.
11. Cashman S.B., Adeky S., Allen A.J., Corburn J., Israel B.A., Montano J., et al. The power and the promise: working with communities to analyze data, interpret findings, and get to outcomes. American Journal of Public Health 2008, 98(8):1-11.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV/AIDS surveillance report 1998, Vol. 9.
13. Charmaz K. Constructing grounded theory 2006, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
14. Clarke M., Dick J., Zwarenstein M., Lombard C.J., Diwan V.K. Lay health worker intervention with choice of DOT superior to standard TB care for farm dwellers in South Africa: a cluster randomised control trial. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2005, 9(6):673-679.
15. Collins H.M., Evans R.J. The third wave of science studies: studies of expertise and experience. Social Studies of Sciences 2002, 32(2):235-296.
16. Dziopa F., Ahern K.J. What makes a quality therapeutic relationship in psychiatric/mental health nursing: a review of the research literature. The Internet Journal of Advanced Nursing Practice 2009, 10(1):1-24.
17. Farmer P., Gastineau N. Rethinking health and human rights: time for a paradigm shift. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2002, 30(4):655-666.
18. Franco L.M., Bennett S., Kanfer R. Health sector reform and public sector health worker motivation: a conceptual framework. Social Science & Medicine 2002, 54(8):1255-1266.
19. Freire P. Pedagogy of the oppressed 2000, Continuum, New York.
20. Freire P. Education for critical consciousness 2005, Continuum, New York.
21. Gilkey M., Garcia C.C., Rush C. Professionalization and the experience-based expert: strengthening partnerships between health educators and community health workers. Health Promotion Practice 2011, 12(2):178-182.
22. Green L.W. Guidelines and categories for classifying participatory research projects in health 2010, Retrieved January 24, 2011, from. http://lgreen.net/guidelines.html.
23. Hadwiger S.C. Cultural competence case scenarios for critical care nursing education. Nurse Educator 1999, 24(5):47-51.
24. Haines A., Sanders D., Lehmann U., Rowe A.K., Lawn J.E., Jan S., et al. Achieving child survival goals: potential contribution of community health workers. The Lancet 2007, 369(9579):2121-2131.
25. Hamilton S.S., Yuan B.J., Lachman N., Hellyer N.J., Krause D.A., Hollman J.H., et al. Interprofessional education in gross anatomy: experience with first year medical and physical therapy students at Mayo Clinic. Anatomical Sciences Education 2008, 1(6):258-263.
26. Houle C.O. Continuing learning in the professions. Journal for Continuing Education Professionals in Health Sciences 1981, 1(1):76-80.
27. Howgego I.M., Yellowlees P., Owen C., Meldrum L., Dark F. The therapeutic alliance: the key to effective patient outcome? A descriptive review of the evidence in community mental health case management. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2003, 37(2):169-183.
28. Israel B.A., Schulz A.J., Parker E.A., Becker A.B. Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health 1998, 19(1):173-202.
29. Itin C. Reasserting the philosophy of experiential education as a vehicle for change in the 21st century. Journal of Experiential Education 1999, 22(2):91-98.
30. Janesick V.J. The choreography of qualitative research design: minutes, improvisations, and crystallization. Handbook of qualitative research 2000, 379-399. Sage Publications, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA. 2nd ed. N.K. Denzin, Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.).
31. Kolb D.A. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development 1984, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
32. Leipzig R.M., Hyer K., Ek K., Wallenstein S., Vezina M.L., Fairchild S., et al. Attitudes toward working on interdisciplinary healthcare teams: a comparison by discipline. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2002, 50(6):1141-1148.
33. Lewin S.A., Dick J., Pond P., Zwarenstein M., Aja G., Van Wyk B., et al. Lay health workers in primary and community health care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online) 2005, 1:CD004015.
34. Lincoln Y.S., Guba E.G. Naturalistic inquiry 1985, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
35. Longtin Y., Sax H., Leape L.L., Sheridan S.E., Donaldson L., Pittet D. Patient participation: current knowledge and applicability to patient safety. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2010, 85(1):53-62.
36. McCormick M.C., Brooks-Gunn J., Shorter T., Holmes J.H., Wallace C.Y., Heagarty M.C. Outreach as case finding: its effect on enrollment in prenatal care. Medical Care 1989, 27(2):103-111.
37. Macinko J., de Fátima Marinho de Souza M., Guanais F.C., da Silva Simoes C.C. Going to scale with community-based primary care: an analysis of the family health program and infant mortality in Brazil, 1999-2004. Social Science & Medicine 2007, 65(10):2070-2080.
38. Macinko J., Guanais F.C., Marinho de Souza M.F. Evaluation of the impact of the Family health program on infant mortality in Brazil, 1990-2002. Journal Epidemiology and Community Health 2006, 60(1):13-19.
39. Mahler H. Promotion of primary health care in member countries of WHO. Public Health Reports 1978, 93(2):107-113.
40. Martin M.A., Catrambone C.D., Kee R.A., Evans A.T., Sharp L.K., Lyttle C., et al. Improving asthma self-efficacy: developing and testing a pilot community-based asthma intervention for African American adults. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009, 123(1):153-159. e153.
41. Mayfield-Johnson S. Adult learning, community education, and public health: making the connection through community health advisors. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2011, 130:65-77.
42. Miller P.M., Brown T., Hopson R. Centering love, hope, and trust in the community: transformative urban leadership informed by Paulo Freire. Urban Education 2011, 46(5):1078-1099.
43. Ministério da Saúde Atenção básica: Saúde da Família 2011, Retrieved June 20, 2011, from. http://dab.saude.gov.br/abnumeros.php.
44. Ministério da Saúde Saúde da familia 2011, Retrieved June 15, 2011, from. http://dtr2004.saude.gov.br/dab/atencaobasica.php.
45. Montaño D.E., Kasprzyk D., Taplin S.H. The theory of reasoned action; the theory of planned behavior. Health behavior education: Theory, research, practice 1997, 85-112. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. 2nd ed. K. Glanz, F.M. Lewis, B.K. Rimer (Eds.).
46. Nascimento E.P.L., Correa C.R.S. O agente comunitário de saúde: formação, inserção e práticas. Cadernos de Saúde PǓblica, Rio de Janeiro 2008, 24(6):1304-1313.
47. National Institutes of Health Maintenance of long term behavioral change 2003, NIH Guide, Retrieved June 19, 2011, from. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OB-03-003.html.
48. Nunes M.O., Trad L.B., Almeida B.A., Homem C.R., Melo M.C.I. O agente comunitário de saúde: construção da identidade desse personagem hibrido e polifônico. Cadernos de Saúde PǓblica, Rio de Janeiro 2002, 18(6):1639-1646.
49. Pan American Health Organization Renewing primary health care in the Americas: the Pan American Health Organization proposal for the twenty-first century. Pan American Journal of Public Health 2007, 21(2/3). Retrieved June 19, 2011, from. http://journal.paho.org/uploads/1178725284.pdf.
50. Pérez L.M., Martinez J. Community health workers: social justice and policy advocates for community health and well-being. American Journal of Public Health 2008, 98(1):11-14.
51. Perino S.S. Nike-footed health workers deal with the problems of adolescent pregnancy. Public Health Reports 1992, 107(2):208-212.
52. Perkins M.B., Jensen P.S., Jaccard J., Gollwitzer P., Oettingen G., Pappadopulos E., et al. Applying theory-driven approaches to understanding and modifying clinicians' behavior: what do we know?. Psychiatric Services 2007, 58(3):342-348.
53. Pinto R.M. Community perspectives on factors that influence collaboration in public health research. Health Education & Behavior 2009, 36(5):930-947.
54. Pinto R.M., McKay M.M., Escobar-Chavez C. " You've gotta know the community": minority women make recommendation about community-focused health research. Women and Health 2008, 47(1):83-104.
55. Pinto R.M., Schimdt C.N.T., Rodriguesz P.S.O., Solano R. Using principles of community participatory research: groundwork for collaboration in Brazil. International Social Work 2007, 50(1):53-65.
56. Pinto, R. M., da Silva, S. B., Penido, C. M. F., & Spector, A. Y. International participatory research framework: triangulating procedures to build health research capacity in Brazil. Health Promotion International, in press.
57. Popay J., Williams G. Public health research and lay knowledge. Social Science & Medicine 1996, 42(5):759-768.
58. Rowe A.K., de Savigny D., Lanata C.F., Victora C.G. How can we achieve and maintain high-quality performance of health workers in low-resource settings?. Lancet 2005, 366(9490):1026-1035.
59. Rubin I.M., Beckhard R. Factors influencing the effectiveness of health teams. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 1972, 50(3):317-335.
60. Satterfield D.W., Burd C., Valdez H.G., Hosey G. The " in-between" people: participation of community health representatives in diabetes prevention and care in American Indian and Alaskan Native communities. Health Promotion Practice 2002, 3(2):166-175.
61. Savdié A., Chetley A. Sexual-health communication across and within cultures: the Clown Project, Guatemala. Development in Practice 2009, 19(4-5):560-572.
62. Schneider H., Hlophe H., Van Rensburg D. Community health workers and the response to HIV/AIDS in South Africa: tensions and prospects. Health Policy and Planning 2008, 23(3):179-187.
63. Silva J.A., Dalmaso A.S.W. Community health agent: Being, knowing and doing 2002, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro.
64. Silverman D. Analyzing talk and text. Handbook of qualitative research 2000, 821-834. Sage Publications, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA. 2nd ed. N.K. Denzin, Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.).
65. Simoni J.M., Franks J.C., Lehavot K., Yard S.S. Peer interventions to promote health: conceptual considerations. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 2011, 81(3):351-359.
66. Spencer M.S., Gunter K.E., Palmisano G. Community health workers and their value to social work. Social Work 2010, 55(2):169-180.
67. Standing H., Chowdhury A.M.R. Producing effective knowledge agents in a pluralistic environment: what future for community health workers?. Social Science & Medicine 2008, 66(10):2096-2107.
68. Stein A.T., Harzheim E. Effectiveness of primary health care evaluated by a longitudinal ecological approach. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2006, 60(1):3-4.
69. Strauss A.L., Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques 1990, Sage Publications, Inc, Newbury Park, CA.
70. Swider S.M. Outcome effectiveness of community health workers: an integrative literature review. Public Health Nursing 2002, 19(1):11-20.
71. Swider S.M., Martin M.A., Lynas C., Rothschild S. Project MATCH: training for a promotora intervention. Diabetes Education 2010, 36(1):98-108.
72. Taylor K. Paternalism, participation and partnership-the evolution of patient centeredness in the consultation. Patient Education and Counseling 2009, 74(2):150-155.
73. Travaline J.M., Ruchinskas R., D'Alonzo G.E. Patient-physician communication: why and how. JAOA: Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 2005, 105(1):13-18.
74. United States Department of Health and Human Services Plain language: A promising strategy for clearly communicating health information and improving health literacy 2005, Retrieved September 14, 2010, from. http://www.health.gov/communication/literacy/plainlanguage/IssueBrief.pdf.
75. Víctora C.G., Knauth D.R., Oliveira F.A. A ambigüidade dos agentes comunitários de saúde: Análise de uma experiência pioneira. Cultura, tecnologias em saúde e medicina: Perspective antropológica 2008, 247-256. EDUFBA, Salvador. C. Caroso (Ed.).
76. Wittman H. Reframing agrarian citizenship: land, life and power in Brazil. Journal of Rural Studies 2009, 25(1):120-130.
77. World Health Organization Health topics: Primary health care 2011, Retrieved June 19, 2011, from. http://www.who.int/topics/primary_health_care/en/.
78. Yedidia M.J. Transforming doctor-patient relationships to promote patient-centered care: lessons from palliative care. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2007, 33(1):40-57.