Vulnerability analysis of interdependent critical infrastructures: Case study of the Swedish railway system

International Journal of Critical Infrastructures

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 289-316

  Johansson, Jonas ^a   Hassel, Henrik ^a   Cedergren, Alexander ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Complex systems; Critical infrastructures; Interdependencies; Railway; Risk; Sweden; Vulnerability

Indexed keywords

LARGE SCALE SYSTEMS; PUBLIC WORKS; RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION; RAILROADS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; RISKS;

INTERDEPENDENCIES; INTERDEPENDENT INFRASTRUCTURES; PROACTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT; RAILWAY; SWEDEN; TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE; VULNERABILITY; VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS;

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES;

EID: 84857180031     PISSN: 14753219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJCIS.2011.045065     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Albert, R. and Barabási, A.L. (2002) 'Statistical mechanics of complex networks', Review of Modern Physics, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp.47-97.
2. Amin, M. (2000) 'National infrastructures as complex interactive networks', in Samad, T. and Wayrauch, J. (Eds.): Automation, Control, and Complexity: An Integrated Approach, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
3. Apostolakis, G.E. and Lemon, D.M. (2005) 'A screening methodology for the identification and ranking of infrastructure vulnerabilities due to terrorism', Risk Analysis, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.361-376. (Pubitemid 40664364)
4. Aven, T. (2009) 'Identification of safety and security critical systems and activities', Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 94, No. 2, pp.404-411.
5. Aven, T. and Renn, O. (2009) 'The role of quantitative risk assessments for characterizing risk and uncertainty and delineating appropriate risk management options, with special emphasis on terrorism risk', Risk Analysis, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp.587-600.
6. Boin, A. and McConnell, A. (2007) 'Preparing for critical infrastructure breakdowns: the limits of crisis management and the need for resilience', Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.50-59. (Pubitemid 46351481)
7. Boin, A., Lagadec, P., Michel-Kerjan, E. and Overdijk, W. (2003) 'Critical infrastructures under threat: learning from the anthrax scare', Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp.99-104. (Pubitemid 37232187)
8. Brown, T., Beyler, W. and Barton, D. (2004) 'Assessing infrastructure interdependencies: the challenge of risk analysis for complex adaptive systems', International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.108-117.
9. Buckle, P., Mars, G. and Smale, R.S. (2000) 'New approaches to assessing vulnerability and resilience', Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp.8-14.
10. Chang, S.E., McDaniels, T.L., Mikawoz, J. and Peterson, K. (2007) 'Infrastructure failure interdependencies in extreme events: power outage consequences in the 1998 ice storm', Natural Hazards, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp.337-358. (Pubitemid 46614406)
11. Crucitti, P., Latora, V. and Marchiori, M. (2004) 'Error and attack tolerance of complex networks', Physica A, Vol. 340, Nos. 1-3, pp.388-394.
12. Crucitti, P., Latora, V. and Marchiori, M. (2005) 'Locating critical lines in high-voltage electrical power grids', Fluctuation and Noise Letters, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.201-208.
13. de Bruijne, M. and van Eeten, M. (2007) 'Systems that should have failed: critical infrastructure protection in an institutionally fragmented environment', Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.18-29.
14. Dilley, M. and Boudreau, T.E. (2001) 'Coming to terms with vulnerability: a critique of the food security definition', Food Policy, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.229-247. (Pubitemid 32646640)
15. Einarsson, S. and Rausand, M. (1998) 'An approach to vulnerability analysis of complex industrial systems', Risk Analysis, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp.535-546.
16. Gorman, S.P., Schintler, L., Kulkarni, R. and Stough, R. (2004) 'The revenge of distance: vulnerability analysis of critical information infrastructure', Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp.48-63. (Pubitemid 38740189)
17. Gregory, R., Failing, L., Ohlson, D. and McDaniels, T.L. (2006) 'Some pitfalls of an overemphasis on science in environmental risk management decisions', Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp.717-735. (Pubitemid 44581277)
18. Haimes, Y.Y. (2006) 'On the definition of vulnerability in measuring risks to infrastructures', Risk Analysis, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.293-296.
19. Haimes, Y.Y. and Jiang, P. (2001) 'Leontief-based model of risk in complex interconnected infrastructures', Journal of Infrastructure Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.1-12. (Pubitemid 32207926)
20. Haimes, Y.Y. and Longstaff, T. (2002) 'The role of risk analysis in the protection of critical infrastructures against terrorism', Risk Analysis, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp.439-444. (Pubitemid 34655113)
21. Hatfield, A.J. and Hipel, K.W. (2002) 'Risk and systems theory', Risk Analysis, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp.1043-1057. (Pubitemid 36034183)
22. Hollnagel, E., Woods, D.D. and Leveson, N. (Eds.) (2006) Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Aldershot.
23. IEC (1995) Dependability Management - Part 3: Application Guide - Section 9: Risk Analysis of Technological Systems, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva.
24. IRGC (2006) White Paper on Managing and Reducing Social Vulnerabilities from Coupled Critical Infrastructures, International Risk Governance Council, Geneva.
25. Jenelius, E. and Mattsson, L-G. (2008) 'The vulnerability of road networks under area-covering disruptions', Proceedings of INFORMS Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.
26. Jenelius, E., Petersen, T. and Mattsson, L-G. (2006) 'Importance and exposure in road network vulnerability analysis', Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 40, No. 7, pp.537-560.
27. Johansson, J. and Hassel, H. (2010) 'An approach for modelling interdependent infrastructures in the context of vulnerability analysis', Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 95, No. 12, pp.1335-1344.
28. Johansson, J., Jönsson, H. and Johansson, H. (2007) 'Analysing the vulnerability of electric distribution systems: a step towards incorporating the societal consequences of disruptions', International Journal of Emergency Management, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp.4-17. (Pubitemid 46476340)
29. Jönsson, H., Johansson, J. and Johansson, H. (2008) 'Identifying critical components in technical infrastructure networks', Journal of Risk and Reliability, Vol. 222, No. 2, pp.235-243.
30. Kaplan, S., Haimes, Y.Y. and Garrick, B.J. (2001) 'Fitting hierarchical holographic modeling into the theory of scenario structuring and a resulting refinement to the quantitative definition of risk', Risk Analysis, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp.807-819. (Pubitemid 34016132)
31. Keeney, R.L. (1992) Value-Focused Thinking, a Path to Creative Decisionmaking, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
32. Kröger, W. (2008) 'Critical infrastructures at risk: a need for a new conceptual approach and extended analytical tools', Reliability Engineering & System Safety, Vol. 93, No. 12, pp.1781-1787.
33. Latora, V. and Marchiori, M. (2005) 'Vulnerability and protection of infrastructure networks', Physical Review E, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp.1-4.
34. Lee, E.E., Mitchell, J.E. and Wallace, W.A. (2007) 'Restoration of services in interdependent infrastructure systems: a network flow approach', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp.1303-1317. (Pubitemid 350130720)
35. Little, R.G. (2002) 'Controlling cascading failure: understanding the vulnerabilities of interconnected infrastructures', Journal of Urban Technology, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.109-123.
36. Little, R.G. (2004) 'A socio-technical systems approach to understanding and enhancing the reliability of interdependent infrastructure systems', International Journal of Emergency Management, Vol. 2, Nos. 1-2, pp.98-110. (Pubitemid 39378216)
37. McDaniels, T. (2000) 'Creating and using objectives for ecological risk assessment and management', Environmental Science & Policy, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp.299-304.
38. McDaniels, T., Chang, S., Cole, D., Mikawoz, J. and Longstaff, H. (2008) 'Fostering resilience to extreme events within infrastructure systems: characterizing decision contexts for mitigation and adaptation', Global Environmental Change, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.310-318.
39. McDaniels, T., Chang, S., Peterson, K., Mikawoz, J. and Reed, D. (2007) 'Empirical framework for characterizing infrastructure failure interdependencies', Journal of Infrastructure Systems, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp.175-184. (Pubitemid 47307218)
40. McEntire, D.A. (2005) 'Why vulnerability matters - exploring the merit of an inclusive disaster reduction concept', Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.206-222. (Pubitemid 40689106)
41. Min, H.J., Beyler, W., Brown, T., Son, Y.J. and Jones, A.T. (2007) 'Towards modeling and simulation of critical national infrastructure interdependencies', IIE Transactions, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp.57-71. (Pubitemid 44688391)
42. Murray, A.T., Matisziw, T.C. and Grubesic, T.H. (2008) 'A Methodological Overview of Network Vulnerability Analysis', Growth and Change, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 573-592.
43. Newman, M.E. (2003) 'The structure and function of complex networks', SIAM Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp.167-256.
44. Patterson, S.A. and Apostolakis, G.E. (2007) 'Identification of critical locations across multiple infrastructures for terrorist actions', Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 92, No. 9, pp.1183-1203. (Pubitemid 46341795)
45. Peters, K., Buzna, L. and Helbing, D. (2008) 'Modelling of cascading effects and efficient response to disaster spreading in complex networks', International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, pp.46-62.
46. Restrepo, C.E., Simonoff, J.S. and Zimmerman, R. (2006) 'Unraveling geographic interdependencies in electric power infrastructure', Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Science.
47. Rinaldi, S.M. (2004) 'Modeling and simulating critical infrastructure and their interdependencies', Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii Conference on Systems Science, Hawaii.
48. Rinaldi, S.M., Peerenboom, J.P. and Kelley, T.K. (2001) 'Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies', IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp.11-25. (Pubitemid 34092056)
49. Robert, B., de Calan, R. and Morabito, L. (2008) 'Modelling interdependencies among critical infrastructures', International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.392-408.
50. Robert, B., Morabito, L. and Quenneville, O. (2007) 'The preventive approach to risks related to interdependent infrastructures', International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.166-182. (Pubitemid 47091318)
51. Wilhelmsson, A. and Johansson, J. (2009) 'Assessing response system capabilities of socio-technical systems', Proceedings of the International Emergency Management Society (TIEMS 2009), Istanbul, Turkey.
52. Zimmerman, R. (2001) 'Social implication of infrastructure network interactions', Journal of Urban Technology, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp.97-119. (Pubitemid 33758898)
53. Zimmerman, R. and Restrepo, C.E. (2006) 'The next step: quantifying infrastructure interdependencies to improve security', International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, Vol. 2, Nos. 2/3, pp.215-230.
54. Zio, E. (2007) 'From complexity science to reliability efficiency: a new way of looking at complex network systems and critical infrastructures', International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, Vol. 3, Nos. 3/4, pp.488-508. (Pubitemid 47202744)