Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in childhood: Report of four cases and review of the literature

Pediatric Emergency Care

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 153-157

  Endo, Ayumi ^a   Fuchigami, Tatsuo ^a   Hasegawa, Maki ^a   Hashimoto, Koji ^a   Fujita, Yukihiko ^a   Inamo, Yasuji ^a   Mugishima, Hideo ^a  

^a NIHON UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

fluid attenuated inversion recovery; hypertensive encephalopathy; magnetic resonance imaging

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODY; ANTISTREPTOLYSIN; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C4; CYCLOSPORIN A; DIAZEPAM; DILTIAZEM; ENALAPRIL; FLUDARABINE; METHOTREXATE; NIFEDIPINE; PREDNISOLONE; STREPTOKINASE ANTIBODY; TACROLIMUS; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ACUTE GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE; ADOLESCENT; ALLERGIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; ANAPHYLACTOID PURPURA; ANTISTREPTOKINASE TITER; APLASTIC ANEMIA; AUTOREGULATION; BACTERIUM DETECTION; BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; CASE REPORT; CHILD; CONSCIOUSNESS DISORDER; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; GRAND MAL SEIZURE; HEADACHE; HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; HEMATURIA; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; MALE; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; OLIGURIA; PERIORBITAL EDEMA; POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RASH; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; SCHOOL CHILD; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; STREPTOLYSIN TITER; THROAT CULTURE; TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE; TONIC SEIZURE; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; VOMITING;

ADOLESCENT; ANEMIA, APLASTIC; ANTICONVULSANTS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; CHILD; CYCLOSPORINE; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC; FEMALE; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; POSTERIOR LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PURPURA, SCHOENLEIN-HENOCH; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; VISION DISORDERS;

EID: 84857174019     PISSN: 07495161     EISSN: 15351815     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182442fe8     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, et al. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:494-500. (Pubitemid 26067737)
2. Dillon WP, Rowley H. The reversible posterior cerebral edema syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:591. (Pubitemid 30422779)
3. Schwarz RB. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome [comment]. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1743.
4. Casey SO, Sampaio RC, Michel E, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: utility of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in the detection of cortical and subcortical lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:1199-1206. (Pubitemid 30655653)
5. Schwarz RB, Jones KM, Kalina P, et al. Hypertensive encephalopathy finding on CT, MR imaging, and SPECT imaging in 14 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;159:379-383.
6. Prasad N, Gulati S, Gupta RK, et al. Is reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy with severe hypertension completely reversible in all patients? Pediatr Nephrol. 2003;18:1161-1166. (Pubitemid 37406866)
7. Sanders TG, Clayman DA, Sanchez-Ramos L, et al. Brain in eclampsia: MR imaging with clinical correlation. Radiology. 1991;180:475-478.
8. Kwon S, Koo J, Lee S. Clinical spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Pediatr Neurol. 2001;24: 361-364.
9. Garg RK. Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Postgrad Med J. 2001;77:24-28. (Pubitemid 32055944)
10. Fuchigami T, Inamo Y, Hashimoto K, et al. Henoch-Schönlein purpura complicated by reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2010;26:583-585.
11. Ay H, Buonanno FS, Schaefer PW, et al. Posterior leukoencephalopathy without severe hypertension: utility of diffusion-weighted MRI. Neurology. 1998;51:1369-1376. (Pubitemid 28520560)
12. Covarrubias DJ, Luetmer PH, Campeau NG. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: prognostic utility of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;23:1038-1048.
13. Ito Y, Niwa H, Iida T, et al. Posttransfusion reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome with cerebral vasoconstriction. Neurology. 1997;49:1174-1175. (Pubitemid 27456113)
14. Schwartz RB, Feske SK, Polak JF, et al. Preeclampsia-eclampsia: clinical and neuroradiologic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy. Radiology. 2000;217:371-376.
15. Saeed B, Abou-Zor N, Amer Z, et al. Cyclosporin-A induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2008;19:439-442.
16. Das CJ, Seith A. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Indian Pediatr. 2006;43:657-658. (Pubitemid 44315907)
17. Ö zcakar ZB, Ekim M, Fitoz S, et al. Hypertension induced reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: a report of two cases. Eur Pediatr. 2004;163:728-730. (Pubitemid 40064380)
18. Wirrell EC, Hamiwka LD, Hamiwka LA, et al. Acute glomerulonephritis presenting with PRES: a report of 4 cases. Can J Neurol Sci. 2007;34:316-321. (Pubitemid 47359835)
19. Gülmüz H, Per H, Kumandaz S, et al. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in childhood: report of nine cases and review of the literature. Neurol Sci. 2010;31:125-131.
20. Yokoboru S, Yokota H, Yamamoto Y. Pediatric posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome and NSAID-induced acute tubular interstitial nephritis. Pediatr Neurol. 2006;34: 245-247.
21. Incecik F, Herguner MO, Altunbasak S, et al. Evaluation of nine children with reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome. Neurol India. 2009;57:475-477.
22. Gupta A, Swaroop C, Rastogi R, et al. Simultaneous occurrence of posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome in two cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia induction chemotherapy. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2008;25:351-358. (Pubitemid 351874089)
23. Hourani R, Abboud M, Hourani M, et al. L-Asparaginase-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment in children. Neuropediatrics. 2008;39:46-50. (Pubitemid 351828318)
24. Baytan B, Ö zdemir Ö , Demirkaya M, et al. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy induced by cancer chemotherapy. Pediatr Neurol. 2010;43:197-201.
25. Keyserling HF, Provenzale JM. Atypical imaging findings in a near-fatal case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child. Neuroradiology. 2007;188:219-221. (Pubitemid 46012512)
26. Aboian MS, Junna MR, Krecke KN, et al. Mesial temporal sclerosis after posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Pediatr Neurol. 2009;41:226-228.
27. Lai CC, Chen SJ, Lien SH, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy in a child with Langerhans cell histiocytosis following allogenic PBSCT treatment with cyclosporine. Eur J Pediatr. 2008;167:817-820.
28. Heo S, Hye Cho HJ, et al. A case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with myelodysplastic syndrome following allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2010;27:59-64.
29. Lodish M, Patronas NJ, Stratakis CA. Reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome associated with micronodular adrenocortical disease and Cushing syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169: 125-126.
30. Kurahashi H, Okumura A, Koide T, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with bronchial asthma. Brain Dev. 2006;28:544-546. (Pubitemid 44051820)
31. Branson JA, Dale RC. Transient bilateral blindness and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a rare complication of enuresis treatment. J Paediatr Child Health. 2008;44: 380-382. (Pubitemid 351677494)
32. Bakshi R, Bates VE, Mechtler LL, et al. Occipital lobe seizures as the major clinical manifestation of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging findings. Epilepsia. 1998;39:295-299. (Pubitemid 28141310)
33. Jones BV, Egelhoff JC, Patterson RJ. Hypertensive encephalopathy in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997;18:101-106. (Pubitemid 27036636)
34. Mukherjee P, McKinstry RC. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: evaluation with diffusion tensor MR imaging. Radiology. 2001;219:756-765. (Pubitemid 32476268)
35. Kinoshita T, Moritani T, Sherier DA, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome: a pictorial essay. Clin Imaging. 2003;27:307-315. (Pubitemid 37025662)
36. Tokunaga Y, Kira R, Takemoto M, et al. Diagnostic usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonances imaging in influenza-associated acute encephalopathy or encephalitis. Brain Dev. 2000;22:451-453.
37. Adams HP Jr, Adams RJ, Brott T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with ischemic stroke: a scientific statement from the Stroke Council of American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2003;34:1056-1083. (Pubitemid 36402991)