A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 334, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 494-500

  Hinchey, Judy ^a   Chaves, Claudia ^a   Appignani, Barbara ^a   Breen, Joan ^a   Pao, Linda ^a   Wang, Annabel ^a   Pessin, Michael S ^a   Lamy, Catherine ^b   Mas, Jean Louis ^b   Caplan, Louis R ^a,c  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CENTRE HOSPITALIER SAINTE ANNE   (France)

^c TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BLINDNESS; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN INFARCTION; CEREBRAL BLINDNESS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONFUSION; FEMALE; HEADACHE; HUMAN; IMAGING; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; MALE; MENTAL FUNCTION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEIZURE; SYNDROME; VOMITING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BLINDNESS; BRAIN DISEASES; BRAIN EDEMA; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HEADACHE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; KIDNEY FAILURE; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; SEIZURES; SYNDROME; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 13344284635     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199602223340803     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Sheth RD, Riggs JE, Bodenstenier JB, Gutierrez AR, Ketonen LM, Ortiz OA. Parietal occipital edema in hypertensive encephalopathy a pathogenic mechanism Eur Neurol 1996;36:25-8.
2. Hauser RA, Lacey DM, Knight MR. Hypertensive encephalopathy magnetic resonance imaging demonstration of reversible cortical and white matter lesions Arch Neurol 1988;45.1078-83.
3. Weingarten K, Barbut D, Filippi C, Zimmerman RD. Acute hypertensive encephalopathy: findings on spin-echo and gradient-echo MR imaging AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994;162:665-70.
4. Schwartz RB, Jones KM, Kalina P, et al Hypertensive encephalopathy: findings on CT, MR imaging, and SPECT imaging in 14 cases AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159.379-83
5. Fisher M, Maister B, Jacobs R. Hypertensive encephalopathy: diffuse reversible white matter CT abnormalities Ann Neurol 1985;18:268-70.
6. Will AD, Lewis KL, Hinshaw DB Jr, et al. Cerebral vasoconstriction in toxemia. Neurology 1987;37:1555-7.
7. Duncan R, Hadley D, Bone I, Symonds EM, Worthington BS, Rubin PC. Blindness in eclampsia: CT and MR imaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:899-902
8. Raroque HG Jr, Orrison WW, Rosenberg GA Neurologic involvement in toxemia of pregnancy reversible MRI lesions. Neurology 1990;40:167-9.
9. Raps EC, Galetta SL, Broderick M, Atlas SW. Delayed peripartum vasculopathy: cerebral eclampsia revisited. Ann Neurol 1993;33:222-5.
10. Herzog TJ, Angel OH, Karram MM, Evertson LR. Use of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cortical blindness in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:980-2.
11. Sanders TG, Clayman DA, Sanchez-Ramos L, Vines FS, Russo L Brain in eclampsia. MR imaging with clinical correlation Radiology 1991,180:475-8.
12. Trommer BL, Homer D, Mikhael MA. Cerebral vasospasm and eclampsia. Stroke 1988;19:326-9.
13. Digre KB, Varner MW, Osborn AG, Crawford S Cranial magnetic resonance imaging in severe preeclampsia vs eclampsia Arch Neurol 1993,50:399-406.
14. Hughes RL Cyclosporine-related central nervous system toxicity in cardiac transplantation. N Engl J Med 1990;323:420-1.
15. Humphreys TR, Leyden JJ. Acute reversible central nervous system toxicity associated with low-dose oral cyclosporine therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993,29.490-2.
16. Truwit CL, Denaro CP, Lake JR, DeMarco T. MR imaging of reversible cyclosporin A-induced neurotoxicity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1991;12:651-9.
17. De Kuppel N, Sennesael J, Lamote J, Ebinger G, de Keyser J. Cyclosporin leukoencephalopathy induced by intravenous lipid solution Lancet 1992;339:1114.
18. de Groen PC, Aksamit AJ, Rakela J, Forbes GS, Krom RAF. Central nervous system toxicity after liver transplantation: the role of cyclosporine and cholesterol. N Engl J Med 1987;317:861-6
19. Bhatt BD, Meriano FV, Buchwald D. Cyclosporine-associated central nervous system toxicity. N Engl J Med 1988,318.788
20. Rubin AM, Kang H. Cerebral blindness and encephalopathy with cyclosporin A toxicity. Neurology 1987;37:1072-6
21. Gottrand F, Largillière C, Farriaux J-P. Cyclosporine neurotoxicity N Engl J Med 1991,324:1744-5.
22. Stein DP, Lederman RJ, Vogt DP, Carey WD, Broughan TA. Neurological complications following liver transplantation Ann Neurol 1992;31 644-9.
23. Freise CE, Rowley H, Lake J, Hebert M, Ascher NL, Roberts JP. Similar clinical presentation of neurotoxicity following FK 506 and cyclosporine in a liver transplant recipient. Transplant Proc 1991,23:3173-4.
24. Eidelman EH, Abu-Elmagd K, Wilson J, et al Neurologic complications of FK 506 Transplant Proc 1991,23.3175-8
25. Wijdicks FM, Wiesner RH, Dahlke LJ, Krom RAF. FK506-induced neurotoxicity in liver transplantation. Ann Neurol 1994;35:498-501.
26. Shutter LA, Green JP, Newman NJ, Hooks MA, Gordon RD. Cortical blindness and white matter lesions in a patient receiving FK506 after liver transplantation Neurology 1993;43:2417-8.
27. Merimsky O, Chaitchik S. Neurotoxicity of interferon-alpha. Anticancer Drugs 1992;3:567-70.
28. Vaughn DJ, Jarvik JG, Hackney D, Peters S, Stadtmauer EA. High-dose cytarabine neurotoxicity: MR findings during the acute phase. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1993,14:1014-6.
29. Cohen RB, Abdallah JM, Gray JR, Foss F Reversible neurologic toxicity in patients treated with standard-dose fludarabine phosphate for mycosis fungoides and chronic lymphocytic leukemia Ann Intern Med 1993;118:114-6
30. Jacobs BC, Brant-Zawadzki M Ischemia. In: Stark DD, Bradley WG, eds. Magnetic resonance imaging. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1992:636-69
31. Caplan LR. "Top of the basilar" syndrome Neurology 1980;30:72-9
32. Robertson DM, Dinsdale HB, Ayashi T, Tu J. Cerebral lesions in adrenal regeneration hypertension. Am J Pathol 1970;59:115-32.
33. Dinsdale HB, Robertson DM, Chiang TY, Mukherjee SK. Hypertensive cerebral microinfarction and cerebrovascular reactivity. Eur Neurol 1971 1972;6 29-33
34. Dinsdale HB, Robertson DM, Haas RA. Cerebral blood flow in acute hypertension. Arch Neurol 1974;31.80-7.
35. Johansson BB. The blood-brain barrier and cerebral blood flow in acute hypertension. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1983,678:107-12.
36. Byrom FB. The pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy and its relation to the malignant phase of hypertension, experimental evidence from the hypertensive rat. Lancet 1954;2:201-11.
37. Sibai BM, Schneider JM, Morrison JC, et al The late postpartum eclampsia controversy. Obstet Gynecol 1980;55:74-8.
38. Dahmus MA, Barton JR, Sibai BM Cerebral imaging in eclampsia: magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992,167:935-41.
39. Donaldson JO. The brain in eclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 1994;13:115.
40. Roberts JM, Redman CWG. Pre-eclampsia, more than pregnancy-induced hypertension. Lancet 1993;341 1447-51. [Erratum, Lancet 1993;342: 504]
41. Igarashi T, Ishigatsubo Y, Ohno S, et al. Central nervous system toxicity related to FK506 in patients with Behcet's disease Ann Rheum Dis 1994;53:350-1
42. Sloane JP, Lwin KY, Gore ME, Powles RL, Smith JF Disturbance of blood-brain barrier after bone-marrow transplantation Lancet 1985;2.280-1.
43. Tollemar J, Ringdén O, Ericzon B-G, Tydén G Cyclosporine-associated central nervous system toxicity. N Engl J Med 1988,318:788-9.
44. DeGroen P, Aksamit A, Rakela J, Krom R. Cyclosporine-associated central nervous system toxicity. N Engl J Med 1988;318:789.
45. Sommer BG, Henry ML, Ferguson RM. Cyclosporine-associated renal arteriopathy. Transplant Proc 1986;18:Suppl 1:151-7.
46. Antonovych TT, Sabnis SG, Austin HA, et al. Cyclosporine A-induced arteriolopathy. Transplant Proc 1988;20:Suppl 3:951-8.
47. Moutabarrik A, Ishibashi M, Kameoka H, et al In vitro FK 506 kidney tubular cell toxieity Transplant Proc 1991;23:3137-40.
48. Remuzzi G, Bertani T. Renal vascular and thrombotic effects of cyclosporine. Am J Kidney Dis 1989;13:261-72.
49. Holler E, Kolb HJ, Hiller E, et al. Microangiopathy in patients on cyclosporine prophylaxis who developed acute graft-versus-host disease after HLA-identical bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1989,73:2018-24
50. Verbeke M, Van de Voorde J, de Ridder L, Lameire N. Functional analysis of vascular dysfunction in cyclosporin treated rats. Cardiovasc Res 1994;28:1152-6.
51. Sommer BG, Innes JT, Whitehurst RM, Sharma HM, Ferguson RM. Cyclosporine-associated renal arteriopathy resulting in loss of allograft function Am J Surg 1985;149:756-64.
52. Benigni A, Morigi M, Perico N, et al. The acute effect of FK506 and cyclosporine on endothelial cell function and renal vascular resistance. Transplantation 1992;54:775-80.
53. Fogo A, Hakim RC, Sugiura M, Inagami T, Kon V Severe endothelial injury in a renal transplant patient receiving cyclosporine. Transplantation 1990,49:1190-2.
54. Zoja C, Furci L, Ghilardi F, Zilio P, Benigni A, Remuzzi G. Cyclosporin-induced endothelial cell injury. Lab Invest 1986;55 455-62.
55. Bunchman TE, Brookshire CA. Cyclosporine-induced synthesis of endothelin by cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1991;88:310-4.
56. Brown Z, Neild GH. Cyclosporine inhibits prostacyclin production by cultured human endothelial cells. Transplant Proc 1987;19:1178-80.
57. Abu-Elmagd KM, Bronsther O, Kobayashi M, et al. Acute hemolytic anemia in liver and bone marrow transplant patients under FK 506 therapy. Transplant Proc 1991;23.3190-2.
58. Scherrer U, Vissing SF, Morgan BJ, et al. Cyclosporine-induced sympathetic activation and hypertension after heart transplantation. N Engl J Med 1990;323:693-9
59. Mueller AR, Platz KP, Bechstein WO, et al Neurotoxicity after orthotopic liver transplantation: a comparison between cyclosporine and FK506 Transplantation 1994,58:155-70.
60. Kupferschmidt H, Bont A, Schnorf H, et al. Transient cortical blindness and bioccipital brain lesions in two patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Ann Intern Med 1995,123:598-600.