The importance of measuring macroprolactin in the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemic patients

Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 94-99

  Lu, Chih Chin ^a   Hsieh, Ching Jung ^a  

^a CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Hyperprolactinemia; Macroprolactinemia; Polyethylene glycol; Prolactin

Indexed keywords

CABERGOLINE; ESTRADIOL; FOLLITROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; MACROGOL; MACROPROLACTIN; PROLACTIN; TESTOSTERONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ESTRADIOL BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; FOLLITROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; GALACTORRHEA; HUMAN; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; IMPOTENCE; INFERTILITY; LUTEINIZING HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENSTRUATION DISORDER; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PROLACTIN BLOOD LEVEL; TESTOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ADULT; DOPAMINE AGONISTS; ESTRADIOL; FEMALE; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; HUMANS; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROLACTIN; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 84857064359     PISSN: 1607551X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.10.030     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. D.C. Aron, J.W. Findling, and J.B. Tyrrell Hypothalamus and pituitary gland F.S. Greenspan, D.G. Gardner, Basic and clinical endocrinology 7th ed. 2004 Lange Medical Books-McGraw Hill New York, NY 106 175
2. S. Vallette-Kasic, I. Morange-Ramos, A. Selim, G. Gunz, S. Morange, and A. Enjalbert Macroprolactinemia revisited: a study on 106 patients J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 2002 581 588 (Pubitemid 34158222)
3. T.P. Smith, A.M. Suliman, M.N. Fahie-Wilson, and T.J. McKenna Gross variability in the detection of prolactin in sera containing big big prolactin (macroprolactin) by commercial immunoassays J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 2002 5410 5415 (Pubitemid 36034335)
4. W. Schneider, S. Marcovitz, S. Al-Shammari, S. Yago, and S. Chevalier Reactivity of macroprolactin in common automated immunoassays Clin Biochem 34 2001 469 473 (Pubitemid 33001316)
5. T.P. Smith, L. Kavanagh, M.L. Healy, and T.J. McKenna Technology insight: measuring prolactin in clinical samples Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 3 2007 279 289
6. N. Hattori, K. Ikekubo, T. Ishihara, K. Moridera, M. Hino, and H. Kurahachi A normal ovulatory woman with hyperprolactinemia: presence of anti-prolactin autoantibody and the regulation of prolactin secretion Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 126 1992 497 500
7. V. Leite, H. Cosby, L.G. Sobrinho, M.A. Fresnoza, M.A. Santos, and H.G. Friesen Characterization of big, big prolactin in patients with hyperprolactinaemia Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 37 1992 365 372
8. R.D. Jackson, J. Wortsman, and W.B. Malarkey Characterization of a large molecular weight prolactin in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and normal menses J Clin Endocrinol Metab 61 1985 258 264 (Pubitemid 15044257)
9. P.G. Whittaker, T. Wilcox, and T. Lind Maintained fertility in a patient with hyperprolactinemia due to big, big prolactin J Clin Endocrinol Metab 53 1981 863 866 (Pubitemid 13238674)
10. T. Bjøro, L. Mørkrid, R. Wergeland, A. Turter, A. Kvistborg, and T. Sand Frequency of hyperprolactinaemia due to large molecular weight prolactin (150-170 kD PRL) Scand J Clin Lab Invest 55 1995 139 147
11. F.A. Cattaneo, and M.N. Fahie-Wilson Concomitant occurrence of macroprolactin, exercise-induced amenorrhea, and a pituitary lesion: a diagnostic pitfall. Case report J Neurosurg 95 2001 334 337 (Pubitemid 32799758)
12. A.O. Olukoga, and J.W. Kane Macroprolactinaemia: validation and application of the polyethylene glycol precipitation test and clinical characterization of the condition Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 51 1999 119 126 (Pubitemid 29339545)
13. A.M. Suliman, T.P. Smith, J. Gibney, and T.J. McKenna Frequent misdiagnosis and mismanagement of hyperprolactinemic patients before the introduction of macroprolactin screening: application of a new strict laboratory definition of macroprolactinemia Clin Chem 49 2003 1504 1509 (Pubitemid 37011739)
14. H. Leslie, C.H. Courtney, P.M. Bell, D.R. McCance, P.K. Ellis, and B. Sheridan Laboratory and clinical experience in 55 patients with macroprolactinemia identified by a simple polyethylene glycol precipitation method J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 2001 2743 2746 (Pubitemid 32545732)
15. M.N. Fahie-Wilson Polyethylene glycol precipitation as a screening method for macroprolactinemia Clin Chem 45 1999 436 437 (Pubitemid 29114190)
16. Y.K. Soon, K.M. Ferguson, G. McGarrick, and S.L. Jeffcoate Size heterogeneity of immunoreactive prolactin in hyperprolactinaemic serum Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 16 1982 259 265 (Pubitemid 12168205)
17. M.R. Sánchez-Eixerés, M. Mauri, R. Alfayate, M.L. Graells, C. Miralles, and A. López Prevalence of macroprolactin detected by Elecsys 2010 Horm Res 56 2001 87 92 (Pubitemid 34195732)
18. M.N. Fahie-Wilson, and S.G. Soule Macroprolactinaemia: contribution to hyperprolactinaemia in a district general hospital and evaluation of a screening test based on precipitation with polyethylene glycol Ann Clin Biochem 34 1997 252 258 (Pubitemid 27236927)
19. A.O. Olukoga, and J. Kane Antiprolactin autoantibodies and hyperprolactinaemia Eur J Endocrinol 133 1995 463 464
20. L. Vilar, L.A. Naves, M.C. Freitas, M. Lima, V. Canadas, and J.L. Albuquerque Clinical and laboratory features greatly overlap in patients with macroprolactinemia or monomeric hyperprolactinemia Minerva Endocrinol 32 2007 79 86
21. P.C. de Soárez, S.C. Souza, J.G. Vieira, and M.B. Ferraz The effect of identifying macroprolactinemia on health-care utilization and costs in patients with elevated serum prolactin levels Value Health 12 2009 930 934
22. A. Leaños-Miranda, D. Pascoe-Lira, K.A. Chávez-Rueda, and F. Blanco-Favela Persistence of macroprolactinemia due to antiprolactin autoantibody before, during, and after pregnancy in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 2001 2619 2624 (Pubitemid 32545714)
23. J. De Schepper, J. Schiettecatte, B. Velkeniers, Z. Blumenfeld, M. Shteinberg, and P. Devroey Clinical and biological characterization of macroprolactinemia with and without prolactin-IgG complexes Eur J Endocrinol 149 2003 201 207 (Pubitemid 37120992)
24. M. Guitelman, M.E. Colombani-Vidal, C.C. Zylbersztein, L. Fiszlejder, M. Zeller, and O. Levalle Hyperprolactinemia in asymptomatic patients is related to high molecular weight posttranslational variants or glycosylated forms Pituitary 5 2002 255 260 (Pubitemid 37184447)
25. F. Tütüncüler, F. Darendeliler, M. Aygün, and N. Hekim Macroprolactinemia in childhood and adolescence: a cause of hyperprolactinemia Turk J Pediatr 48 2006 143 147 (Pubitemid 44070366)
26. A.N. Andersen, H. Pedersen, H. Djursing, B.N. Andersen, and H.G. Friesen Bioactivity of prolactin in a woman with an excess of large molecular size prolactin, persistent hyperprolactinemia and spontaneous conception Fertil Steril 38 1982 625 628 (Pubitemid 12003460)
27. A. Bonhoff, J.C. Vuille, F. Gomez, and B. Gellersen Identification of macroprolactin in a patient with asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia as a stable PRL-IgG complex Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 103 1995 252 255
28. N. Hattori, and C. Inagaki Anti-prolactin (PRL) autoantibodies cause asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia: bioassay and clearance studies of PRL-immunoglobulin G complex J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 1997 3107 3110 (Pubitemid 27385683)
29. O.M. Hauache, A.J. Rocha, A.C. Maia, R.M. Maciel, and J.G. Vieira Screening for macroprolactinaemia and pituitary imaging studies Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 57 2002 327 331 (Pubitemid 35013811)
30. J. Gibney, T.P. Smith, and T.J. McKenna The impact on clinical practice of routine screening for macroprolactin J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 2005 3927 3932 (Pubitemid 41058153)
31. A. Alfonso, K.I. Rieniets, and R.A. Vigersky Incidence and clinical significance of elevated macroprolactin levels in patients with hyperprolactinemia Endocr Pract 12 2006 275 280
32. B. Cavaco, V. Leite, M.A. Santos, E. Arranhado, and L.G. Sobrinho Some forms of big big prolactin behave as a complex of monomeric prolactin with an immunoglobulin G in patients with macroprolactinemia or prolactinoma J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80 1995 2342 2346
33. N. Hattori, K. Ikekubo, T. Ishihara, K. Moridera, M. Hino, and H. Kurahachi Correlation of the antibody titers with serum prolactin levels and their clinical course in patients with anti-prolactin autoantibody Eur J Endocrinol 130 1994 438 445 (Pubitemid 24165768)
34. G. Tamer, A. Telci, F. Aral, and F. Alagol Response of macroprolactinemia to dopamine agonists Turk Jem 12 2008 83 85