Importance of circulation changes to atlantic heat storage rates on seasonal and interannual time scales

Journal of Climate

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 350-362

  Piecuch, Christopher G ^a   Ponte, Rui M ^a  

^a ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Atlantic Ocean; Climate variability; Energy transport; Meridional overturning circulation; Optimization

Indexed keywords

ASYMMETRIC FLOWS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; BAROCLINIC; BAROCLINIC CIRCULATION; CIRCULATION CHANGES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DIFFUSIVE MIXING; ENERGY TRANSPORT; GENERAL CIRCULATION; HEAT EXCHANGE; HEAT INPUT; HEAT TRANSPORT; HIGHER LATITUDES; INTERANNUAL; INTERANNUAL TIME SCALE; LOCAL RESPONSE; MERIDIONAL HEAT TRANSPORTS; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATIONS; MIDLATITUDES; OCEAN HEAT; OCEAN STATE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; SURFACE HEAT FLUXES; TEMPERATURE VARIATION; TROPICAL REGIONS;

ADVECTION; CLIMATOLOGY; HEAT TRANSFER; OCEANOGRAPHY; OPTIMIZATION;

HEAT STORAGE;

ADVECTION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ANNUAL VARIATION; BAROCLINIC MOTION; CLIMATE VARIATION; ENERGY BUDGET; HEAT BUDGET; HEAT FLUX; HEAT TRANSFER; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SURFACE FLUX;

ATLANTIC OCEAN;

EID: 84856966323     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00123.1     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Adcroft, A., and Coauthors, 2010: MITgcm User Manual. MIT/ EAPS, 451 pp.
2. Bacon, S., 1997: Circulation and fluxes in the North Atlantic between Greenland and Ireland. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1420-1435.
3. Boccaletti, G., R. Ferrari, A. Adcroft, D. Ferreira, and J. Marshall, 2005: The vertical structure of ocean heat transport. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L10603, doi:10.1029/2005GL022474.
4. Böning, C. W., and P. Herrmann, 1994: Annual cycle of poleward heat transport in the ocean: Results from high-resolution modeling of the north and equatorial Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 91-107.
5. Boyer, T. P., and S. Levitus, 1998: Objective analysis of temperature and salinity for the world ocean on a 1/4° grid. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 11, 62 pp.
6. Bryden, H., and S. Imawaki, 2001: Ocean heat transport. Ocean Circulation and Climate: Observing and Modelling the Global Ocean, G. Siedler, J. Church, and J. Gould, Eds., Cambridge, 455-474.
7. Deser, C., M. Holland, G. Reverdin, and M. Timlin, 2002: Decadal variations in Labrador Sea ice cover and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3035, doi:10.1029/2000JC000683.
8. Deser, C., M. A. Alexander, S.-P. Xie, and A. S. Phillips, 2010: Sea surface temperature variability: Patterns and mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 2, 115-143.
9. Ding, H., N. S. Keenlyside, and M. Latif, 2010: Equatorial Atlantic interannual variability: Role of heat content. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C09020, doi:10.1029/2010JC006304.
10. Dong, B.-W., and R. T. Sutton, 2001: The dominant mechanisms of variability in Atlantic ocean heat transport in a coupled oceanatmosphere GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 12, doi:10.1029/2000GL012531.
11. Dong, B.-W., and R. T. Sutton,2002: Variability in North Atlantic heat storage and heat transport in a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. Climate Dyn., 19, 485-497.
12. Donlon, C. J., P. J. Minnett, C. Gentemann, T. J. Nightingale, I. J. Barton, B. Ward, and M. J. Murray, 2002: Toward improved validation of satellite sea surface skin temperature measurements for climate research. J. Climate, 15, 353-369.
13. Fukumori, I., R. Raghunath, and L.-L. Fu, 1998: Nature of global large-scale sea level variability in relation to atmospheric forcing: A modeling study. J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C3), 5493-5512.
14. Ganachaud, A., and C. Wunsch, 2003: Large-scale ocean heat and freshwater transports during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. J. Climate, 16, 696-705.
15. Gent, P. R., and J. C. McWilliams, 1990: Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 150-155.
16. Gill, A. E., and P. P. Niiler, 1973: The theory of the seasonal variability in the ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 20, 141-177.
17. Gouretski, V. V., and K. P. Koltermann, 2004: WOCE Global Hydrographic Climatology: A Technical Report. Berichte des Bundesamtes für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, 52 pp. and two CD-ROMs.
18. Griffies, S. M., 1998: The Gent-McWilliams skew flux. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 831-841.
19. Grist, J. P., and Coauthors, 2010: The roles of surface heat flux and ocean heat transport convergence in determining Atlantic Ocean temperature variability. Ocean Dyn., 60, 771-790, doi:10.1007/s10236-010-0292-4.
20. Hall, M. M., and H. L. Bryden, 1982: Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport. Deep-Sea Res., 29, 339-359.
21. Heimbach, P., 2008: The MITgcm/ECCO adjoint modelling infrastructure. CLIVAR Exchanges, Vol. 13, International CLIVAR Project Office, Southampton, United Kingdom, 13-17.
22. Heimbach, P., C. Hill, and R. Giering, 2005: An efficient exact adjoint of the parallel MITgeneral circulationmodel, generated via automatic differentiation. Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 21, 1356-1371.
23. Holfort, J., and G. Siedler, 2001: The meridional oceanic transports of heat and nutrients in the South Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 5-28.
24. Hsiung, J., R. E. Newell, and T. Houghtby, 1989: The annual cycle of oceanic heat storage and oceanic meridional heat transport. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 1-28.
25. Jayne, S. R., and J. Marotzke, 2001: The dynamics of ocean heat transport variability. Rev. Geophys., 39, 385-411, doi:10.1029/2000RG000084.
26. Jayne, S. R., and J. Marotzke, 2002: The oceanic eddy heat transport. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 3328-3345.
27. Jerlov, N. G., 1968: Optical Oceanography. Elsevier, 194 pp.
28. Johns, W. E., and Coauthors, 2011: Continuous, array-based estimates of Atlantic Ocean heat transport at 26.58N. J. Climate, 24, 2429-2449.
29. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
30. Large, W. G., J. C. McWilliams, and S. C. Doney, 1994: Oceanic vertical mixing:Areview and a model with nonlocal boundary layer parameterization. Rev. Geophys., 32, 363-403, doi:10.1029/94RG01872.
31. Lozier, M. S., 2010: Deconstructing the conveyor belt. Science, 328, 1507-1511.
32. Lumpkin, R., K. G. Speer, and K. P. Koltermann, 2008: Transport across 488Nin the AtlanticOcean. J. Phys.Oceanogr., 38, 733-752.
33. MacDonald, A. M., 1998: The global ocean circulation: A hydrographic estimate and regional analysis. Prog. Oceanogr., 41, 281-382.
34. Marshall, J., A. Adcroft, C. Hill, L. Perelman, and C. Heisey, 1997a: A finite-volume, incompressible Navier Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (C3), 5753-5766.
35. Marshall, J.,, C. Hill, L. Perelman, and A. Adcroft, 1997b: Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic ocean modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (C3), 5733-5752.
36. Marshall, J., and Coauthors, 2001: North Atlantic climate variability: Phenomena, impacts and mechanisms. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1863-1898, doi:10.1002/joc.693.
37. McDonagh, E. L., and B. A. King, 2005: Oceanic fluxes in the South Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 109-122.
38. McDonagh, E. L., P. McLeod, B. A. King, H. L. Bryden, and S. T. Valdés, 2010: Circulation, heat, and freshwater transport at 368N in the Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 2661-2678.
39. Merle, J., 1980: Seasonal heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 464-469.
40. Paulson, C. A., and J. J. Simpson, 1977: Irradiance measurements in the upper ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 952-956.
41. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort, 1992: Physics of Climate. American Institute of Physics, 520 pp.
42. Redi, M. H., 1982: Oceanic isopycnal mixing by coordinate rotation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1154-1158.
43. Rintoul, S. R., 1991: South Atlantic interbasin exchange. J. Geophys. Res., 96 (C2), 2675-2692.
44. Sato, O. T., and T. Rossby, 2000: Seasonal and low-frequency variability of the meridional heat flux at 368N in the North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 606-621.
45. Shaffrey, L., and R. Sutton, 2004: The interannual variability of energy transports within and over the Atlantic Ocean in a coupled climate model. J. Climate, 17, 1433-1448.
46. Talley, L. D., 1999: Some aspects of ocean heat transport by the shallow, intermediate and deep overturning circulations. Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Timescales, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 112, Amer. Geophys. Union, 1-22.
47. Talley, L. D., 2003: Shallow, intermediate, and deep overturning components of the global heat budget. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 530-560.
48. Trenberth, K. E., and J. M. Caron, 2001: Estimates of meridional atmosphere and ocean heat transports. J. Climate, 14, 3433-3443.
49. Vialard, J., and P. Delecluse, 1998:AnOGCMstudy for theTOGA decade. Part I: Role of salinity in the physics of the western Pacific fresh pool. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1071-1088.
50. Volkov, D. L., T. Lee, and L.-L. Fu, 2008: Eddy-induced meridional heat transport in the ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20601, doi:10.1029/2008GL035490.
51. Wang, J., and J. A. Carton, 2002: Seasonal heat budgets of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 3474-3489.
52. Wunsch, C., and P. Heimbach, 2006: Estimated decadal changes in the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and heat flux 1993-2004. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 2012-2024.
53. Wunsch, C., and P. Heimbach, 2007: Practical global oceanic state estimation. Physica D, 230, 197-208.
54. Wunsch, C., and P. Heimbach, 2009: The globally zonally integrated ocean circulation, 1992-2006: Seasonal and decadal variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 351-368.
55. Wunsch, C., R. M. Ponte, and P. Heimbach, 2007: Decadal trends in sea level patterns: 1993-2004. J. Climate, 20, 5889-5911.
56. Wunsch, C., P. Heimbach, R. M. Ponte, I. Fukumori, and Coauthors, 2009: The global general circulation of the ocean estimated by the ECCO-Consortium. Oceanography (Wash. D.C.), 22, 88-103.