Combined effects of attention and motivation on visual task performance: Transient and sustained motivational effects

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Volumn 3, Issue MAR, 2009, Pages

  Engelmann, Jan B ^a   Damaraju, Eswar ^b   Padmala, Srikanth ^b   Pessoa, Luiz ^b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attention; Faces; fMRI; Motivation; Vision

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856873569     PISSN: 16625161     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/neuro.09.004.2009     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Alexander, G. E, DeLong M. R., and Strick, P. L. (1986). Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 357-381.
2. Anderson, A. K. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 134, 258-281.
3. Arrington, C. M., Carr, T. H., Mayer, A. R., and Rao, S. M. (2000). Neural mechanisms of visual attention: object-based selection of a region in space. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12(Suppl. 2), 106-117.
4. Bagurdes, L. A., Mesulam, M. M., Gitelman, D. R., Weintraub, S., and Small, D. M. (2008). Modulation of the spatial attention network by incentives in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia 46, 2943-2948.
5. Beaver, J. D., Lawrence, A. D., Passamonti, L., and Calder, A. J. (2008). Appetitive motivation predicts the neural response to facial signals of aggression. J. Neurosci. 28, 2719-2725.
6. Beaver, J. D., Lawrence, A. D., van Ditzhuijzen, J., Davis, M. H., Woods, A., and Calder, A. J. (2006). Individual differences in reward drive predict neural responses to images of food. J. Neurosci. 26, 5160-5166.
7. Bendiksby, M. S., and Platt, M. L. (2006). Neural correlates of reward and attention in macaque area LIP. Neuropsychologia 44, 2411-2420.
8. Birn, R. M., Cox, R. W., and Bandettini, P. A. (2002). Detection versus estimation in event-related fMRI: choosing the optimal stimulus timing. Neuroimage 15, 252-264.
9. Boynton, G. M., Engel, S. A., Glover, G. H., and Heeger, D. J. (1996). Linear systems analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging in human V1. J. Neurosci. 16, 4207-4221.
10. Braver, T. S., Gray, J. R., and Burgess, G. C. (2007). Explaining the many varieties of working memory variation: dual mechanisms of cognitive control. In Variation in Working Memory, A. R. A. Conway, C. Jarrold, M. J. Kane, A. Miyake and J. N. Towse, eds (Oxford, Oxford University Press), pp. 76-106.
11. Braver, T. S., Reynolds, J. R., and Donaldson, D. I. (2003). Neural mechanisms of transient and sustained cognitive control during task switching. Neuron 39, 713-726.
12. Breiter, H. C., Aharon, I., Kahneman, D., Dale, A., and Shizgal, P. (2001). Functional imaging of neural responses to expectancy and experience of monetary gains and losses. Neuron 30, 619-639.
13. Canli, T., Sivers, H., Whitfield, S. L., Gotlib, I. H., and Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Amygdala response to happy faces as a function of extraversion. Science 296, 2191.
14. Canli, T., Zhao, Z., Desmond, J. E., Kang, E., Gross, J., and Gabrieli, J. D. (2001). An fMRI study of personality influences on brain reactivity to emotional stimuli. Behav. Neurosci. 115, 33-42.
15. Carver, C. S., and White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 67, 319-333.
16. Cohen, M. (1997). Parametric analysis of fMRI data using linear systems methods. Neuroimage 6, 93-103.
17. Cohen, M. X., Young, J., Baek, J. M., Kessler, C., and Ranganath, C. (2005). Individual differences in extraversion and dopamine genetics predict neural reward responses. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 25, 851-861.
18. Corbetta, M., Kincade, J. M., Ollinger, J. M., McAvoy, M. P., and Shulman, G. L. (2000). Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 292-297.
19. Cox, R. W. (1996). AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput. Biomed. Res. 29, 162-173.
20. Cromwell, H. C., Hassani, O. K., and Schultz, W. (2005). Relative reward processing in primate striatum. Exp. Brain Res. 162, 520-525.
21. Dawe, S., Gullo, M. J., and Loxton, N. J. (2004). Reward drive and rash impulsiveness as dimensions of impulsivity: implications for substance misuse. Addict. Behav. 29, 1389-1405.
22. Dawe, S., and Loxton, N. J. (2004). The role of impulsivity in the development of substance use and eating disorders. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 28, 343-351.
23. Derryberry, D. (1989). Effects of goalrelated motivational states on the orienting of spatial attention. Acta Psychol. (Amst) 72, 199-220.
24. Engelmann, J. B., and Pessoa, L. (2007). Motivation sharpens exogenous spatial attention. Emotion 7, 668-674.
25. Fox, M. D., and Raichle, M. E. (2007). Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 700-711.
26. Genovese, C. R., Lazar, N. A., and Nichols, T. (2002). Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate. Neuroimage 15, 870-878.
27. Gilbert, A. M., and Fiez, J. A. (2004). Integrating rewards and cognition in the frontal cortex. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 4, 540-552.
28. Gray, J. R., and Braver, T. S. (2002). Personality predicts workingmemory-related activation in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2, 64-75.
29. Gray, J. R., Burgess, G. C., Schaefer, A., Yarkoni, T., Larsen, R. J., and Braver, T. S. (2005). Affective personality differences in neural processing efficiency confirmed using fMRI. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 5, 182-190.
30. Green, D. M., and Swets, J. A. (1966). Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics. New York, Wiley.
31. Hollerman, J. R., and Schultz, W. (1998). Dopamine neurons report an error in the temporal prediction of reward during learning. Nat. Neurosci. 1, 304-309.
32. Hollerman, J. R., Tremblay, L., and Schultz, W. (2000). Involvement of basal ganglia and orbitofrontal cortex in goal-directed behavior. Prog. Brain Res. 126, 193-215.
33. Hooker, C. I., Verosky, S. C., Miyakawa, A., Knight, R. T., and D'Esposito, M. (2008). The influence of personality on neural mechanisms of observational fear and reward learning. Neuropsychologia 46, 2709-2724.
34. Hopfinger, J. B., Buonocore, M. H., and Mangun, G. R. (2000). The neural mechanisms of top-down attentional control. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 284-291.
35. Jorm, A. F., Christensen, H., Henderson, A. S., Jacomb, P. A., Korten, A. E., and Rodgers, B. (1998). Using the BIS/BAS scales to measure behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation: factor structure, validity and norms in a large community sample. Pers. Individ. Dif. 26, 49-58.
36. Kastner, S., Pinsk, M. A., De Weerd, P., Desimone, R., and Ungerleider, L. G. (1999). Increased activity in human visual cortex during directed attention in the absence of visual stimulation. Neuron 22, 751-761.
37. Kim, H., Shimojo, S., and O'Doherty, J. P. (2006). Is avoiding an aversive outcome rewarding? Neural substrates of avoidance learning in the human brain. PLoS Biol. 4, e233.
38. Kincade, J. M., Abrams, R. A., Astafiev, S. V., Shulman, G. L., and Corbetta, M. (2005). An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of voluntary and stimulus-driven orienting of attention. J. Neurosci. 25, 4593-4604.
39. Knutson, B., Adams, C. M., Fong, G. W., and Hommer, D. (2001). Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens. J. Neurosci. 21, RC159.
40. Knutson, B., Taylor, J., Kaufman, M., Peterson, R., and Glover, G. (2005). Distributed neural representation of expected value. J. Neurosci. 25, 4806-4812.
41. LaBar, K. S., Gitelman, D. R., Parrish, T. B., Kim, Y. H., Nobre, A. C., and Mesulam, M. M. (2001). Hunger selectively modulates corticolimbic activation to food stimuli in humans. Behav. Neurosci. 115, 493-500.
42. Leland, D. S., Arce, E., Feinstein, J. S., and Paulus, M. P. (2006). Young adult stimulant users' increased striatal activation during uncertainty is related to impulsivity. Neuroimage 33, 725-731.
43. Leon, M. I., and Shadlen, M. N. (1999). Effect of expected reward magnitude on the response of neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque. Neuron 24, 415-425.
44. Libera, C. D., and Chelazzi, L. (2006). Visual selective attention and the effects of monetary rewards. Psychol. Sci. 17, 222-227.
45. Liu, J., Harris, A., and Kanwisher, N. (2002). Stages of processing in face perception: an MEG study. Nat. Neurosci. 5, 910-916.
46. Locke, H. S., and Braver, T. S. (2008). Motivational influences on cognitive control: behavior, brain activation, and individual differences. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 8, 99-112.
47. Loftus, G. R., and Masson, M. E. (1994). Using confidence intervals in withinsubject designs. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 1, 476-490.
48. Macmillan, N. A., and Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection Theory: A User's Guide. New York, Cambridge University Press.
49. Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Field, M., and De Houwer, J. (2003). Eye movements to smoking-related pictures in smokers: relationship between attentional biases and implicit and explicit measures of stimulus valence. Addiction 98, 825-836.
50. Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Hyare, H., and Lee, S. (1998). Selective attention to food-related stimuli in hunger: are attentional biases specific to emotional and psychopathological states, or are they also found in normal drive states? Behav. Res. Ther. 36, 227-237.
51. Mohanty, A., Gitelman, D. R., Small, D. M., and Mesulam, M. M. (2008). The spatial attention network interacts with limbic and monoaminergic systems to modulate motivation-induced attention shifts. Cereb. Cortex 18, 2604-2613.
52. Most, S. B., Smith, S. D., Cooter, A. B., Levy, B. N., and Zald, D. H. (2007). The naked truth: positive, arousing distractors impair rapid target perception. Cogn. Emot. 21, 964-981.
53. O'Doherty, J., Dayan, P., Schultz, J., Deichmann, R., Friston, K., and Dolan, R. J. (2004). Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. Science 304, 452-454.
54. Paulus, M. P., Rogalsky, C., Simmons, A., Feinstein, J. S., and Stein, M. B. (2003). Increased activation in the right insula during risk-taking decision making is related to harm avoidance and neuroticism. Neuroimage 19, 1439-1448.
55. Pessoa, L. (2009). How do emotion and motivation direct executive function? Trends Cogn. Sci. (in press).
56. Platt, M. L., and Glimcher, P. W. (1999). Neural correlates of decision variables in parietal cortex. Nature 400, 233-238.
57. Pochon, J. B., Levy, R., Fossati, P., Lehericy, S., Poline, J. B., Pillon, B., Le Bihan, D., and Dubois, B. (2002). The neural system that bridges reward and cognition in humans: an fMRI study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 5669-5674.
58. Posner, M. I., and Cohen, Y. (1984). Components of attention. In Attention and Performance, H. Bouman and D. Bowhuis, eds (Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum), pp. 531-556.
59. Reuter, M., Stark, R., Hennig, J., Walter, B., Kirsch, P., Schienle, A., and Vaitl, D. (2004). Personality and emotion: test of Gray's personality theory by means of an fMRI study. Behav. Neurosci. 118, 462-469.
60. Ross, S. R., Millis, S. R., Bonebright, T. L., and Bailley, S. E. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of the behavioral inhibition and activation scales. Pers. Individ. Dif. 33, 861-865.
61. Sadr, J., and Sinha, P. (2001). Exploring Object Perception with Random Image Structure Evolution. MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Memo No. 2001-06. Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
62. Sadr, J., and Sinha, P. (2004). Object recognition and random image structure evolution. Cogn. Sci. 28, 259-287.
63. Schultz, W. (2000). Multiple reward signals in the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 1, 199-207.
64. Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J. P., Dayan, P., Koltzenburg, M., Jones, A. K., Dolan, R. J., Friston, K. J., and Frackowiak, R. S. (2004). Temporal difference models describe higherorder learning in humans. Nature 429, 664-667.
65. Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Hergueta, T., Baker, R., and Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J. Clin. Psychiatry 59(Suppl. 20), 22-33; quiz 34-57.
66. Shulman, G. L., Ollinger, J. A., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T. E., Snyder, A. Z., Petersen, S. E., and Corbetta, M. (1999). Areas involved in encoding and applying directional expectations to moving objects. J. Neurosci. 21, 9480-9496.
67. Small, D. M., Gitelman, D., Simmons, K., Bloise, S. M., Parrish, T., and Mesulam, M. M. (2005). Monetary incentives enhance processing in brain regions mediating top-down control of attention. Cereb. Cortex 15, 1855-1865.
68. Sugrue, L. P., Corrado, G. S., and Newsome, W. T. (2004). Matching behavior and the representation of value in the parietal cortex. Science 304, 1782-1787.
69. Talairach, J., and Tournoux, P. (1988). Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain. New York, Thieme Medical.
70. Thiel, C. M., Zilles, K., and Fink, G. R. (2004). Cerebral correlates of alerting, orienting and reorienting of visuospatial attention: an eventrelated fMRI study. Neuroimage 21, 318-328.
71. Tobler, P. N., O'Doherty, J. P., Dolan, R. J., and Schultz, W. (2007). Reward value coding distinct from risk attituderelated uncertainty coding in human reward systems. J. Neurophysiol. 97, 1621-1632.
72. Visscher, K. M., Miezin, F. M., Kelly, J. E., Buckner, R. L., Donaldson, D. I., McAvoy, M. P., Bhalodia, V. M., and Petersen, S. E. (2003). Mixed blocked/event-related designs separate transient and sustained activity in fMRI. Neuroimage 19, 1694-1708.
73. Vul, E., Harris, C., Winkielman, P., and Pashler, H. (in press). Puzzlingly high correlations in fMRI studies of emotion, personality, and social cognition. Perspect. Psychol. Sci.
74. Watanabe, M. (1996). Reward expectancy in primate prefrontal neurons. Nature 382, 629-632.