Development of a social inclusion index to capture subjective and objective life domains (Phase II): Psychometric development study

Health Technology Assessment

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Huxley, P ^a   Evans, S ^a   Madge, S ^a   Webber, M ^b   Burchardt, T ^c   McDaid, D ^c   Knapp, M ^c  

^a SWANSEA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CHI SQUARE TEST; COGNITION; COMMUNITY CARE; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; CONSTRUCT VALIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVENIENCE SAMPLE; DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INTERNAL CONSISTENCY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; MOKKEN SCALE; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; PILOT STUDY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RATING SCALE; REVIEW; SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITIES PROFILE; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL CAPITAL; SOCIAL INCLUSION INDEX; SOCIAL PARTICIPATION; TEST RETEST RELIABILITY; UNITED KINGDOM; UNIVERSITY STUDENT;

EID: 84856770271     PISSN: 13665278     EISSN: 20464924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3310/hta16010     Document Type: Review

References (205)

1. Prime Minister's speech on the establishment of the social exclusion unit. 1998. URL: www.open.gov.uk/co/seu/more.html (accessed 24 June 2010).
2. Mental health and social exclusion unit report. London: The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister; 2004.
3. Brennan A, Rhodes J, Tyler P. New findings on the nature of economic and social exclusion in England and the implications for new policy initiatives. Department of Land Economy, Discussion paper 101. Cambridge: Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge; 1999.
4. Room G. Social quality in europe: perspectives on social exclusion. The Hague: Kluwer Law International; 1997.
5. Berman Y, Phillips D. Indicators of social quality and social exclusion at national and community level. Soc Indic Res 2000;50:329-50.
6. Commins P. Combating exclusion in Ireland 1990-1994. Midway report. Brussels: European Commission; 1993.
7. Council for the European Union. Joint report by the Commission and the Council on social inclusion. Brussels: Council for the European Union; 2003.
8. Commission of the European Communities. Social policy agenda: communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities; 2000.
9. Mental Health Europe. From exclusion to inclusion: the way forward to promoting social inclusion of people with mental health problems in Europe. Brussels: Mental Health Europe; 2008.
10. Curran C, Burchardt T, Knapp M, McDaid D, Bingqin L. Changes in multidisciplinary systematic reviewing: a study on social exclusion and mental health policy. Soc Policy Admin 2007;41:289-312.
11. Rodgers G, Gore C, Figueiredo J. Social exclusion: rhetoric, reality and responses. Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies; 1995.
12. Gordon D. Breadline Europe: the measurement of poverty. Bristol: Policy Press; 2000.
13. Townsend P. Poverty in the United Kingdom. Harmondsworth: Penguin; 1979.
14. Delanty G. Social theory and European transformation: is there a European society? Sociol Res Online 1998;3:1.
15. Huxley P, Thornicroft G. Social inclusion, social quality and mental illness. Br J Psychiatry 2002;182:289-90.
16. Abrahamson P. In W Beck, Van der Maesen, Walker A, editors. Combating poverty and social exclusion in Europe. The social quality of Europe. Bristol: Policy Press; 1998. pp. 145-76.
17. Kronauer M. Social exclusion and underclass: new concepts for the analysis of poverty. Aldershot: Ashgate; 1998.
18. Littlewood P. Social exclusion in Europe: problems and paradigms. Aldershot: Ashgate; 1999.
19. Reimer B. Social exclusion in a comparative context. Sociol Ruralis 2004;44:76-94.
20. Burchardt T, Le Grand J, Piachaud D. Understanding social exclusion. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002.
21. Spandler H. From social exclusion to inclusion? A critique of the inclusion imperative in mental health. Med Sociol Online 2007;2:3-16.
22. Zissi A, Tseloni A, Skapinakis P, Savvidou M, Chiou M. Exploring social capital in rural settlements of an islander region in Greece. J Community Appl Soc Psychol 2010;20:125-38.
23. Osborne K, Baum F, Ziersch A. Negative consequences of community group participation for women's mental health and well-being: implications for gender aware social capital building. J Community Appl Soc Psychol 2009;19:212-24.
24. Beck W, Van der Maesen, Walker A, editors. The social quality of Europe. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International; 1997.
25. Oliver J, Huxley P, Bridges K, Mohamad H. Quality of life and mental health services. London: Routledge; 1996.
26. Vogel J. Social indicators and social reporting. Stat J United Nations 1994;11:241-60.
27. Le Grand J, Richardson L. Outsider and insider expertise: the response of residents of deprived neighbourhood to an academic definition of social exclusion. Soc Policy Admin 2002;36:496-515.
28. Nussbaum M. Adaptive preferences and women's options. Econ Philos 2001;17:67-88.
29. Burchardt T. Are one man's rags another man's riches? Identifying adaptive expectations using panel data. Soc Indicators Res 2005;74:57-102.
30. Evans S, Huxley P. Adaptation, response shift and quality of life ratings in mentally well and unwell groups. Qual Life Res 2005;14:1719-32.
31. Lelkes O. Knowing what is good for you: empirical analysis of personal preferences and the objective good. (Special issue on the Socio-Economics of Happiness) J Socio-Econ 2006;35:285-307.
32. Berger-Schmitt R, Noll HH. Conceptual framework and structure of a European system of social indicators. Mannheim: Centre for Survey Research and Methodology (ZUMA); 2000.
33. Stewart A. Two conceptions of citizenship. Br J Sociol 1995;24:417-30.
34. Roche M. European citizenship and social exclusion. In Roche M, Van Berkel R, editors. Citizenship and exclusion: reconstructing the European Union. Aldershot: Ashgate; 1997. pp. 3-22.
35. Perron A, Rudge T, Holmes D. Citizen minds, citizen bodies: the citizenship experience and the government of mentally ill persons. Nurs Philos 2010;11:100-11.
36. McCabe K, Summerton R, Parr H. Mental health via cultural citizenship. J Public Ment Health 2007;6:33-6.
37. Forrest R, Kearns A. Social cohesion, social capital and the neighbourhood. Urban Stud 2001;38:2125-43.
38. Stanley D. What do we know about social cohesion?: the research perspective of the Federal Government's Social Cohesion Research Network. Can J Sociol 2003;28:5-17.
39. Freidkin N. Social cohesion. Annu Rev Sociol 2004;30:409-25.
40. Young A. Good mental health is rooted in social cohesion, not the individual. Nurs Times 2010;9:19-25.
41. Fone D, Dunstan F, Lloyd K, Williams G, Watkins J, Palmer S. Does social cohesion modify the association between area income deprivation and mental health? A multilevel analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:338-45.
42. Ford K. Social action for health: hopes, expectations and progress. Report on Health Development Agency seminar, London, 15 November 1999.
43. McMillan DW, Chavis DM. Sense of community: a definition and theory. J Community Psychol 1986;14:6-23.
44. Pooley J, Cohen L, Pike L. Can sense of community inform social capital? Soc Sci J 2005;42:71.
45. Levitas R. The concept and measurement of social exclusion. In Pantazis C, Gordon D, Levitas R, editors. Poverty and social exclusion in Britain. Bristol: Policy Press; 2006.
46. Putnam R. Making democracy work. Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1993.
47. Bourdieu P. The forms of capital. In Richardson J, editor. Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. New York, NY: Greenwood Press; 1986.
48. Grootaert C, Van Bastelaer T. The role of social capital in development: an empirical assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002.
49. Baum F. Social capital: is it good for your health? Issues for a public health agenda. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53:195-6.
50. Stone W, Gray M, Hughes J. Social capital at work. How family, friends and civic ties relate to labour market outcomes. Melbourne, VIC: Australian Institute of Family Studies; 2003.
51. Stewart A. Never ending story: inclusion and exclusion in the late modernity. In Stewart A, Askonas P, editors. Social inclusion possibilities and tensions. Basingstoke: Macmillan; 2000.
52. Colletta N, Cullen M. Violent conflict and the transformation of social capital. Washington, DC: The World Bank; 2000.
53. Berkman LF, Glass T, Brissette I, Seeman TE. From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Soc Indicators Res 2000;51:843-57.
54. Stanley D. Report of the proceedings of the IFACCA/ISSEC research workshop 'looking for new connections'. Montreal: Department of Canadian Heritage, Strategic Research and Analysis Directorate; 2004.
55. Araya R, Dunstan F, Playle R, Thomas H, Palmer S, Lewis G. Perceptions of social capital and the built environment and mental health. Soc Sci Med 2006;62:3072-83.
56. Veiel H, Baumann U. The meaning and measurement of social support. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation; 1992. pp. 235-57.
57. Sarason IG, Levine HM, Basham HM. Assessing social support: the Social Support Questionnaire. J Pers Soc Psychol 1983;44:127-39.
58. Zubrick S. Commentary: area social cohesion, deprivation and mental health - does misery love company? Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:345-7.
59. Beal G. Additional hypotheses in participation research. Rural Sociol 1956;21:249-56.
60. Rose A. Attitudinal correlates of social participation. Soc Forces 1959;37:202-6.
61. Black T. Formal social participation: method and theory. Rural Sociol 1957;22:61-5.
62. Harp J. A general theory of social participation. Rural Sociol 1959;24:280-4.
63. Chapin S. Leadership and group activity. Sociol Soc Res 1924;8:141-5.
64. Chapin S. A quantitative scale for rating the home and social environment of middle-class families in an urban community: a first approximation to the measurement of socioeconomic status. J Educ Psychol 1928;19:99-111.
65. Chapin S. Social participation and social intelligence. Am Soc Rev 1939;4:157-66.
66. Parker RN. Measuring social participation. Am Soc Rev 1983;48:864-73.
67. Larivière N. Analysis of the concept of social participation: definitions, illustration, dimensions of activity and indicators. CJOT 2008;75:114-27.
68. Van Brakel W, Anderson AM, Mutatkar RK. The participation scale: measuring a key concept in public Health. Disabil Rehabil 2006;28:193-203.
69. Berry HL, Rodgers B. Preliminary development and validation of an Australian community participation questionnaire: types of participation and associations with distress in a coastal community. Soc Indicators Res 2007;64:1719-37.
70. Berry H. Social capital elite, excluded participants, busy working parents and aging, participating less: types of community participants and their mental health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2008;43:527-37.
71. Boardman J, Currie A, Killaspy H, Mezey G, editors. Social inclusion and mental health. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2010.
72. Mitchell J. The concept and use of social networks. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1969.
73. Laumann E. Bonds of pluralism. New York, NY: Wiley; 1973.
74. Fischer C, Jackson RM, Steuve CA, Gerson K. Networks and places: social relations in the urban setting. New York, NY: Free Press; 1977.
75. Fischer C. To dwell among friends: personal networks in town and city. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago; 1982.
76. Burt S. Toward a structural theory of action: New York, NY: Academic Press; 1982.
77. Berkman LF, Glass T. Social integration, social networks, social support, and health. In Berkman and Kawachi, editors. Social Epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000. pp. 137-173.
78. Eklund M, Hansson L. Social network among people with persistent mental illness: associations with sociodemographic, clinical and health-related factors. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2007;53:293-305.
79. Evans S. Quality of life measures in the elderly and later life. In Preedy VR, Watson RR, editors. Handbook of disease burdens and quality of life measures. Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. pp. 2649-65.
80. World Health Organization. Promoting mental health; Concepts emerging evidence and practice. Summary report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
81. Stewart-Brown S. Measuring the parts most measures do not reach: a necessity for evaluation in mental health promotion. J Ment Health Promot 2002;1:4-9.
82. Kammann R, Flett R. Affectometer 2: a scale to measure current level of general happiness. Aust J Psychol 1983;35:259-65.
83. Tennant R, Stewart-Brown S, Joseph S. The Affectometer 2: a valid measure of positive mental health in UK population. Birmingham: University of Birmingham; 2007.
84. Stewart-Brown S, Tennant A, Tennant R, Platt S, Parkinson J, Weich S. International construct validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale: a Rasch analysis using data from the Scottish Health Education Population Survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2009;7:15.
85. Tennant R, Hiller L, Fishwick R, Platt S, Joseph S, Weich S. Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Development and UK validation. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2007;5:63.
86. Keyes C. Social well-being. Soc Psychol Q 1998;61:121-40.
87. Wilhelm K, Wedgwood L, Parker G, Geerligs L, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Predicting mental health and well-being in adulthood. J Nerv Ment Dis 2010;198:85-90.
88. Wilson L. Developing a model for the measurement of social inclusion and social capital in regional Australia. Soc Indicators Res 2006;75:335-60.
89. Morgan C, Burns T, Fitzpatrick R, Pinfold V, Priebe S. Social exclusion and mental health: conceptual and methodological review. Br J Psychiatry 2007;191:477-83.
90. Boutillier C, Croucher A. Social inclusion and mental health. BJOT 2010;73:136-9.
91. Poortinga W. Social capital: an individual or collective resource for health? Soc Sci Med 2006;62:292-302.
92. Stafford M, De Silva M, Stansfeld S, Marmot M. Neighbourhood social capital and common mental disorder: testing the link in a general population sample. Health Place 2008;14:394-405.
93. Secker J, Hacking S, Kent L. Development of a measure of social inclusion for Arts and Mental Health project participants. J Ment Health Promot 2009;18:65-72.
94. Lloyd C, Tse S, Deane F. Community participation and social inclusion: how practitioners can make a difference. AeJAMH 2006;5:1-10.
95. Stewart G, Sara G, Harris M, Waghorn G, Hall A, Sivarajasingam S. A brief measure of vocational activity and community participation: development and reliability of the Activity and Participation Questionnaire. Aust NZ J Psychiat 2010;44:258-66.
96. Cook S, Chambers E, Coleman J. Occupational therapy for people with psychotic conditions in community settings: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2009;23:40-52.
97. Dorer G, Harries P, Marston L. Measuring social inclusion: a staff survey of mental health service users' participation in community occupations. BJOT 2009;72:520-30.
98. Nietlisbach G, Maercker A. Effects of social exclusion in trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Trauma 2009;1:323-31.
99. Perkins R, Rinaldi M, Hardisty J. Harnessing the expertise of experience: increasing access to employment within mental health services for people who have themselves experienced mental health problems. Diversity Health Care 2010;7:13-21.
100. Almedom A. Social capital and mental health: an interdisciplinary review of primary evidence. Soc Sci Med 2005;61:943-64.
101. Patulny R, Svendsen G. Exploring the social capital grid: bonding, bridging, qualitative, quantitative. Int J Sociol Soc Policy 2007;27:32-51.
102. Derose KP, Varda DM. Social capital and health care access: a systematic review. Med Care Res Rev 2009:66;272-306.
103. Lofors J, Sundquist K. Low-linking social capital as a predictor of mental disorders: a cohort study of 4.5 million Swedes. Soc Sci Med 2007;64:21-34.
104. De Silva M, Huttly S, Harpham T, Kenward M. Social capital and mental health: a comparative analysis of four low income countries. Soc Sci Med 2007;64:5-20.
105. Yip W, Subramanian S, Mitchell A, Lee D, Wang J, Kawachi I. Does social capital enhance health and well-being? Evidence from rural China. Soc Sci Med 2007;64:35-49.
106. d'Hombres B, Rocco L, Suhrcke M, Haerpfer C, McKee M. The influence of social capital on health in eight former Soviet countries: why does it differ? J Epidemiol Community Health 2009.
107. Phongsavan P, Chey T, Bauman A, Brooks R, Silove D. Social capital, socio-economic status and psychological distress among Australian adults. Soc Sci Med 2006;63:2546-61.
108. Irwin J, LaGory M, Ritchey F, Fitzpatrick K. Social assets and mental distress among the homeless: exploring the roles of social support and other forms of social capital on depression. Soc Sci Med 2008;67:1935-43.
109. Petrou S, Kupek E. Social capital and its relationship with measures of health status: evidence from the Health Survey for England 2003. Health Econ 2008;17:127-43.
110. Fang W, Sek-yum Ngai S. On the indigenization of social exclusion among young rural- urban migrant workers: the case of Hangzhou, a coastal city in China. Int J Adolesc Youth 2009;15:193-216.
111. Burke J, O'Campob P, Salmonb C, Walker R. Pathways connecting neighborhood influences and mental well-being: socioeconomic position and gender differences. Soc Sci Med 2009;68:1294-304.
112. De Silva M, Harpham T, Tuan T, Bartolini R, Penny M, Huttly S. Psychometric and cognitive validation of a social capital measurement tool in Peru and Vietnam. Soc Sci Med 2006;62:941-53.
113. Looman W, Farrag S. Psychometric properties and cross-cultural equivalence of the Arabic Social Capital Scale: instrument development study. Int J Nurs Stud 2009;46:45-54.
114. Webber M, Huxley P. Measuring access to social capital: the validity and reliability of the Resource Generator-UK and its association with common mental disorder. Soc Sci Med 2007;65:481-92.
115. Chen X, Stanton B, Gong J, Fang X, Li X. Personal Social Capital Scale: an instrument for health and behavioral research. Health Educ Res 2009;24:306-17.
116. Kritsotakis G, Koutis A, Alegakis A, Philalithis A. Development of the social capital questionnaire in Greece. Res Nurs Health 2008;31:217-25.
117. Sheikh M, Ali S, Hussain A, Shehzadi R, Afzal M. Measurement of social capital as an indicator of community-based initiatives (CBI) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. J Health Organ Manag 2009;23:429-41.
118. Lloyd C, Waghorn G, Best M, Gemmell S. Reliability of a composite measure of social inclusion for people with psychiatric disabilities. Aust Occup Ther J 2008;55:47-56.
119. Novak J. Learning, creating and using knowledge, concept maps as facilitative tools in schools and in corporations. London: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1998.
120. Huxley P, Evans S, Munroe M, Webber M, Burchardt T, Knapp M, et al. Development of a social inclusion index to capture subjective and objective domains (Phase I). Final report to NCCRM. Southampton, UK: NCCRM; 2006.
121. CASS Question Bank. URL: http://surveynet.ac.uk/sqb/(accessed 24 June 2010).
122. UK Data Archive. URL: www.data-archive.ac.uk (accessed 24 June 2010).
123. Kish L. A procedure for objective respondent selection within the household. J Am Stat Assoc 1949;44:380-7.
124. Scott J, Marshall G. A dictionary of sociology (Oxford Paperback). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.
125. Andrews FM, Withey SB. Social indicators of well-being: Americans' perceptions of quality of life. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1976.
126. Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinksi M, Gandek B. SF-36 health survey manual and interpretation guide. Boston, MA: New England Medical Center; 1993.
127. Molenaar IW, Sijtsma K. User's manual. MSP5 for Windows. A program for Mokken scale analysis for polytomous items. Groningen: iecProGAMMA; 2000.
128. Simes RJ. An improved Bonferroni procedure with multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 1986:73:751-4.
129. Horn JL. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika 1965;30:179-85.
130. Watkins MW, editor. Monte Carlo PCA for Parallel Analysis [computer software]. In State College PEPA. State College, PA: Penn State University; 2000.
131. Guilford JP. Psychometric methods. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Book Company; 1936.
132. Sijtsma K, Molenaar IW. Introduction to nonparametric item response theory. In Jaeger RM, editor. Measurement methods for the social sciences 5. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2002.
133. Loevinger J. A systematic approach to the construction and evaluation of tests of ability. Psychol Monogr 1947;61:4.
134. Mokken RJ. Nonparametric models for dichotomous responses. In Van der Linden WJ, Hambleton RK, editors. Handbook of modern item response theory. New York, NY: Springer; 1997. pp. 351-68.
135. Pallant J. SPSS Survival Manual: a step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows. 3rd edn. Buckingham: Open University Press; 2007.
136. Briggs SR, Cheek JM. The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986;54:106-48.
137. Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
138. Atkinson MJ, Lennox RD. Extending basic principles of measurement models to the design and validation of patient reported outcomes. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2006;4:65.
139. National Centre for Social Research and University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health. Health survey for England. Colchester: University of Essex; 2006.
140. British Household Panel Survey: waves 1-17, 1991-2008. Colchester: University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research; 2009.
141. Taking Part: The National Survey of Culture, Leisure and Sport, 2005-2006. Colchester, Essex: University of Essex, Department for Culture, Media and Sport; 2007.
142. Citizenship Survey, 2007-2008. Colchester: Communities and Local Government Race, Cohesion and Faith Research Unit and National Centre for Social Research; 2008.
143. Social Research, Offending, Crime and Justice Survey, 2004. Colchester: Home Office. Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. Offending Surveys and Research, National Centre for Social Research and BMRB; December 2008.
144. English Household Census Form. Office for National Statistics; 2001.
145. Social Research, British Crime Survey, 2006-2007. Colchester: Home Office. Research, Development and Statistics Directorate and BMRB; December 2008.
146. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, April-June. Colchester: Office for National Statistics, Social and Vital Statistics Division and Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, Central Survey Unit; 2009.
147. General Household Survey. Colchester, Essex: Office for National Statistics, Social and Vital Statistics Division; 2009.
148. Priebe S, Huxley PJ, Knight S, Evans S. Application and results of the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). Int J Soc Psychiatry 1999;45:7-12.
149. Brugha T, Evans S. Quality of Life, social support and physical health. In Singleton N, Lewis G, editors. Better or worse: a longitudinal study of the mental health of adults living in private households in Great Britain. London: TSO; 2003.
150. Jenkins R, Meltzer H, Bebbington P, Brugha TS, Farrell M, McManus S, et al. The British Mental Health Survey programme: achievements and latest findings. Soc Psychiatr Epidemiol 2009;44:899-904.
151. Nieuwenhuizen C, Koeter MWJ, Huxley P. The Lancashire Quality of Life Profile: modification and psychometric evaluation. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001;36:36-44.
152. Carle AC, Bauman KJ, Short K. Assessing the measurement and structure of material hardship in the United States. Soc Indicators Res 2009;92:35-51.
153. Capellari L, Jenkins S. Summarising multiple deprivation indicators. Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) working paper no. 2006-40. Colchester: ISER, Essex University; 2006.
154. Jenkinson C, Layte R, Wright L, Coulter A. The UK SF-36: an analysis and interpretation manual. Oxford: Oxford Department of Primary Health and Public Care, University of Oxford; 1996.
155. Burholt V, Nash P. Short Form 36 (SF-36) survey questionnaire: normative data for Wales. J Publ Health 2011;doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr006.
156. Kelly MJ, Dunstan FD, Lloyd K, Fone DL. Evaluating cutpoints for the MHI-5 and MCS using the GHQ-12: a comparison of five different methods. BMC Psychiatry 2008;8:10.
157. Goldberg DP, Williams P. A user's guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor: National Foundation for Educational Research; 1988.
158. Office for National Statistics (ONS). Psychiatric morbidity among adults living in private households. London: ONS; 2000.
159. Priebe S, Kaiser W, Huxley P. Do different subjective evaluation criteria reflect different constructs? J Nerv Ment Dis 1999;186:385-92.
160. Kunz S. Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D in a study of people with mild to moderate dementia. Qual Life Res 2010:19:425-34.
161. Jacobsen N, Follette W, Revenstorf D. Psychotherapy outcome research: methods for reporting variability and evaluating clinical significance. Behav Ther 1984;15:336-52.
162. Caspar C, Berghout MA, Zevalkink J. Clinical significance of long-term psychoanalytic treatment. Bull Menninger Clin 2009;73:7-33.
163. Hageman W, Arrindell W. A further refinement of the Reliable Change (RC) index by improving the pre-post difference score: introducing the RCI. Behav Res Ther 1993;31: 693-700.
164. Lyon N, Mangla J, Tait C, Scholes S. Families and Children Study (FACS) 2005, Wave 7. Prepared for Department for Work and Pensions. P2472; 2007.
165. Attwood C, Singh G, Prime D, Creasey R et al. 2001 Home Office Citizenship Survey: people, families and communities. Home Office Research Study 270. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate; 2003.
166. Lee P. The process of gatekeeping in health care research. Nurs Times 2005;101:36.
167. Holloway I, Wheeler S. Qualitative research in nursing. 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell; 2002.
168. Ulrich CM, Wallen GR, Fiester A, Grady C. Respondent burden in clinical research; when are we asking too much of subjects? IRB: Ethics Hum Res 2005;27:17-20
169. Buss MK, Arnold RM. Challenges in palliative care: one experience. J Palliative Med 2004;7:405-7.
170. Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. 4th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008.
171. Murray J, Bellringer S, Easter A. Evaluation of capital volunteering: Fourth Interim Report - Outcome at 12 months. London: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; 2008.
172. Cummins RA, McCable MP, Romeo Y, Gullone E. The comprehensive quality of life scale (ComQol): instrument development and psychometric evaluation on college staff and students. Educ Psychol Meas 1994;54:372-82.
173. Cummins RA. The comprehensive quality of life scale (ComQol 5th edn). Melbourne: Deakin University (School of Psychology); 1997.
174. O'Boyle CA, McGee HM, Hickey A, O'Malley K, Joyce C. The schedule for the evaluation of individual quality of life: user manual. Dublin: The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (Department of Psychology); 1993.
175. Trauer T, Mackinnon A. Why are we weighting? The role of importance ratings in quality of life measurement. Qual Life Res 2001;10:579-85.
176. Stevens SS. On the psychophysical law. Psychol Rev 1957;64:153-81.
177. Schmidt FL. Implications of a measurement problem for expectancy theory research. Organ Behav Hum Perform 1973;10:243-51.
178. Evans MG. The problem of analysing multiplicative composites: interactions revisited. Am Psychol 1991;46:6-15.
179. Cummins RA. Vale ComQol: caveats to using the comprehensive quality of life scale. Welcome: The Personal Well-being Index. Melbourne, VIC: Australian Centre on Quality of Life; 2002.
180. English Household Census Form. Office for National Statistics; 1991.
181. Dale A. The content of the 1991 census: change and continuity. In Dale A, March C, editors. The 1991 Census user's guide. London: HMSO; 1993. pp. 16-51.
182. Wiggins RD, Joshi H, Bartley M, Gleave S, Lynch K, Cullis A. Place and personal circumstances in a multilevel account of women's long-term illness. Soc Sci Med 2002;54:827-38.
183. Riddell S, Banks P, Tinklin T. Disability and employment in Scotland: a review of the evidence base. Edinburgh: Scottish Government; 2005.
184. Riva M, Bambra C, Curtis S, Gauvin L. Collective resources or local social inequalities? Examining the social determinants of mental health in rural areas. Eur J Public Health 2011;21:197-203.
185. McManus S, Meltzer H, Brugha T, Bebbington P, Jenkins R. Adult psychiatric morbidity in 2007: results from household survey. 2009. URL: www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/mental%20health/other%20mental%20health%20publications/Adult%20psychiatric%20morbidity%2007/APMS%2007%20%28FINAL%29%20Standard.pdf (accessed 14 September 2010).
186. Social Exclusion Unit. Mental Health and Social Exclusion Unit report. London: The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister; 2004.
187. Burstow P. Care Services Minister outlines revised mental health strategy. 2010. URL: www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/02/09/2010/115218/care-services-minister-outlines-revisedmental-health-strategy.htm (accessed 24 June 2010).
188. Repper J, Perkins R. Social inclusion and recovery: a model for mental health practice. London: Baillière Tindall; 2003.
189. Department of Health (DoH). Equity and excellence: liberating the NHS. Report no. Cm7881. London: DoH; 2010.
190. Bates P. The Inclusion Web. National Development Centre, London; 2005.
191. Williamson M, Allen A. The Human Givens. Exeter, UK: Mind South West; 2006.
192. Davis FA, Lindley J. The Support Needs Questionnaire. 1999. (Available from Fabian Davis, Oxleas NHS Trust 100255.3512@ compuserve.com.)
193. Hacking S, Secker J, Spandler H, Kent L, Shenton J. Evaluating the impact of participatory art projects for people with mental health needs. Health Soc Care Community 2008;16:638-48. Epub 13 May 2008.
194. Lev-Wiesel R. Indicators constituting the construct of 'perceived community cohesion'. Community Dev J 2003;38:332-343. doi:10.1093/cdj/bsg007
195. Gross N, Martin WE. On group cohesiveness. AJS 1952;57:546-554.
196. Hetcher M. Principles of Group Solidarity. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 1987.
197. Bhattacharyya J. Rethinking community development. Hum Organ 1995;54:60-69.
198. Bollen KA, Hoyle RH. Perceived cohesion: A conceptual and empirical examination. Social Forces 1990;69:479-504.
199. Unger DG, Wandersman A. The importance of neighbors: The social, cognitive, and affective components of neighboring. Am J Community Psychol 1985;13:139-169.
200. Gruber KJ, Shelton GG. Assessment of neighborhood satisfaction by residents of three housing types. Soc Indicat Res 1987;19:303-315.
201. Buckner JC. The development of an instrument to measure neighborhood cohesion. Am J Community Psychol 1988;16:771-791.
202. De Jong Gierveld J, van Tilburg TG. A 6-item scale for overall, emotional, and social loneliness: Confirmatory tests on survey data. Res Aging 2006;28:582-598.
203. Lelieveldt HT. Helping citizens help themselves. Neighborhood improvement programs and the impact of social networks, trust and norms on neighborhood oriented forms of participation. Urban Aff Rev 2004;39:531-551.
204. Sibley A, Kersten P, Ward CD, George S, White B, Mehta RL. Measuring autonomy in disabled people: validation of a new scale in a UK population. Clin Rehabil 2006;20:793-803.
205. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. 4th edn. London: Allyn and Bacon; 2001.