Melanoma of the lentigo maligna subtype: Diagnostic challenges and current treatment paradigms

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Volumn 129, Issue 2, 2012, Pages

  McGuire, Lindsay K ^a   Disa, Joseph J ^a   Lee, Erica H ^a   Busam, Klaus J ^a   Nehal, Kishwer S ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HUMAN; MALIGNANT LENTIGO; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW; SKIN TUMOR;

HUMANS; HUTCHINSON'S MELANOTIC FRECKLE; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84856721929     PISSN: 00321052     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31823aeb72     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Smalberger GJ, Siegel DM, Khachemoune A. Lentigo maligna. Dermatol Ther. 2008;21:439-446.
2. Melanoma of the skin. In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al, eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010:325-344.
3. Kelly JW. Following lentigo maligna may not prevent the development of life-threatening melanoma. Arch Dermatol. 1992;128:657-660.
4. Weinstock MA, Sober AJ. The risk of progression of lentigo maligna to lentigo maligna melanoma. Br J Dermatol. 1987; 116:303-310.
5. Gaudy-Marqueste C, Madjlessi N, Guillot B, Avril MF, Grob JJ. Risk factors in elderly people for lentigo maligna compared with other melanomas: A double case-control study. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145:418-423.
6. Sasaki Y, Niu C, Makino R, et al. BRAF point mutations in primary melanoma show different prevalences by subtype. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;123:177-183.
7. Bongiorno MR, Doukaki S, Malleo F, Aricó M. Identification of progenitor cancer stem cell in lentigo maligna melanoma. Dermatol Ther. 2008;21:S1-S5.
8. Koh HK, Michalik E, Sober AJ, et al. Lentigo maligna melanoma has no better prognosis than other types of melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 1984;2:994-1001.
9. Newell GR, Sider JG, Bergfelt L, Kripke ML. Incidence of cutaneous melanoma in the Unites States by histology with special reference to the face. Cancer Res. 1988;48:5036-5041.
10. Paraskevas LR, Halpern AC, Marghoob AA. Utility of the Wood's light: Five cases from a pigmented lesion clinic. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152:1039-1044.
11. Robinson JK. Use of digital epiluminescence microscopy to help define the edge of lentigo maligna. Arch Dermatol. 2004; 140:1095-1100.
12. Wang SQ, Hashemi P. Noninvasive imaging technologies in the diagnosis of melanoma. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2010;29: 174-184.
13. Menzies SW, Emery J, Staples M, et al. Impact of dermoscopy and short-term sequential digital dermoscopy imaging for the management of pigmented lesions in primary care: A sequential intervention trial. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161:1270-1277.
14. Guitiera P, Pellacani G, Crotty KA, et al. The impact of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of the diagnostic accuracy of lentigo maligna and equivocal pigmented and nonpigmented macules of the face. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130:2080-2091.
15. Egbert B, Kempson R, Sagebiel R. Desmoplastic malignant melanoma: A clinicohistopathologic study of 25 cases. Cancer 1988;62:1033-2041.
16. McKenna JK, Florell SR, Goldman GD, Bowen GM. Lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma: Current state of diagnosis and treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32:493-504.
17. Bosbous MW, Dzwierzynski WM, Neuburg M. Lentigo maligna: Diagnosis and treatment. Clin Plast Surg. 2010;37:35-46.
18. Kimyai-Asadi A, Katz T, Goldberg LH, et al. Margin involvement after the excision of melanoma in situ: The need for complete en face examination of the surgical margins. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33:1434-1439; discussion 1439-1441.
19. NIH Consensus Development Program. Diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma. NIH Consensus Statement Online. January 27-29, 1992;10:1-26. Available at: Http://consensus. nih.gov/1992/1992Melanoma088html.htm. Accessed January 21, 2011.
20. Bosbous M, Dzwierzynski W, Neuburg M. Staged excision of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: A 10-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124:1947-1955.
21. Möller MG, Pappas-Politis E, Zager JS, et al. Surgical management of melanoma-in-situ using a staged marginal and central excision technique. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16:1526-1536.
22. Hazan C, Dusza SW, Delgado R, Busam KJ, Halpern AC, Nehal KS. Staged excision for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: A retrospective analysis of 117 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58:142-148.
23. Jejurikar SS, Borschel GH, Johnson TM, Lowe L, Brown DL. Immediate, optimal reconstruction of facial lentigo maligna and melanoma following total peripheral margin control. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:1249-1255.
24. Mahoney MH, Joseph M, Temple CL. The perimeter technique for lentigo maligna: An alternative to Mohs micrographic surgery. J Surg Oncol. 2005;91:120-125.
25. Huilgol SC, Selva D, Chen C, et al. Surgical margins for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: The technique of mapped serial excision. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140: 1087-1092.
26. Bub JL, Berg D, Slee A, Odland PB. Management of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma with staged excision: A 5-year follow-up. Arch Dermatol. 2004;104:552-558.
27. Malhotra R, Chen C, Huilgol SC, Hill DC, Selva D. Mapped serial excision for periocular lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. Ophthalmology 2003;110:2011-2018.
28. Agarwal-Antal N, Bowen GM, Gerwels JW. Histologic evaluation of lentigo maligna with permanent sections: Implications regarding current guidelines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002; 47:743-748.
29. Hill DC, Gramp AA. Surgical treatment of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. Australas J Dermatol. 1999; 40:25-30.
30. Demirci H, Johnson TM, Frueh BR, Musch DC, Fullen DR, Nelson CC. Management of periocular cutaneous melanoma with a staged excision technique and permanent sections: The square procedure. Ophthalmology 2008;115:2295-2300.
31. Bene NI, Healy C, Coldiron BM. Mohs micrographic surgery is accurate 95.1% of the time for melanoma in situ: A prospective study of 167 cases. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34:660-664.
32. Walling HW, Scupham RK, Bean AK, Ceilley RI. Staged excision versus Mohs micrographic surgery for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007; 57:659-664.
33. Temple CL, Arlette JP. Mohs micrographic surgery in the treatment of lentigo maligna and melanoma. J Surg Oncol. 2006;94:287-292.
34. Bhardwaj SS, Tope WD, Lee PK. Mohs micrographic surgery for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma using Mel-5 immunostaining: University of Minnesota experience. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32:690-696; discussion 696-697.
35. Bricca GM, Brodland DG, Ren D, Zitelli JA. Cutaneous head and neck melanoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:92-100.
36. Bienert TN, Trotter MJ, Arlette JP. Treatment of cutaneous melanoma of the face by Mohs micrographic surgery. J Cutan Med Surg. 2003;7:25-30.
37. Albertini JG, Elston DM, Libow LF, Smith SB, Farley MF. Mohs micrographic surgery for melanoma: A case series, a comparative study of immunostains, an informative case report, and a unique mapping technique. Dermatol Surg. 2002; 28:656-665.
38. Clayton BD, Leshin B, Hitchcock MG, Marks M, White WL. Utility of rush paraffin-embedded tangential sections in the management of cutaneous neoplasms. Dermatol Surg. 2000; 26:671-678.
39. Zalla MJ, Lim KK, DiCaudo DJ, Gagnot MM. Mohs micrographic excision of melanoma using immunostains. Dermatol Surg. 2000;26:771-784.
40. Zitelli JA, Brown C, Hanusa BH. Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of primary cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37:236-245.
41. Robinson JK. Margin control for lentigo maligna. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;31:79-85.
42. Gaudy-Marqueste C, Perchenet A, Taséi A, et al. The "spaghetti technique": An alternative to Mohs surgery or staged surgery for problematic lentiginous melanoma (lentigo maligna and acral lentiginous melanoma). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64:113-118.
43. Cohen LM, McCall MW, Zax RH. Mohs micrographic surgery for lentigo maligna melanoma: A follow-up study. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24:673-677.
44. Cohen LM, McCall MW, Hodge SJ, Freedman JD, Callen JP, Zax RH. Successful treatment of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma with Mohs' micrographic surgery aided by rush permanent sections. Cancer 1994;73:2964-2970.
45. Osborne JE, Hutchinson PE. A follow-up study to investigate the efficacy of initial treatment of lentigo maligna with surgical excision. Br J Plast Surg. 2002;55:611-615.
46. Dawn EM, Dawn AG, Miller SJ. Mohs surgery for the treatment of melanoma in situ: A review. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33: 395-402.
47. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines) for melanoma, version 2.2010. Available at: Http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician-gls/ f-guidelines.asp. Accessed April 3, 2011.
48. Arnon O, Rapini R, Mamelak A, Goldberg LH. Mohs micrographic surgery: Current techniques. Isr Med Assoc J. 2010; 12:431-435.
49. Zitelli JA, Moy RL, Abell E. The reliability of frozen sections in the evaluation of surgical margins for melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;24:102-106.
50. Barlow RJ, White CR, Swanson NA. Mohs' micrographic surgery using frozen sections alone may be unsuitable for detecting single atypical melanocytes at the margins of melanoma in situ. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:290-294.
51. Prieto VG, Argenyi ZB, Barnhill RL, et al. Are en face frozen sections accurate for diagnosing margin status in melanocytic lesions? Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;120:203-208.
52. El Tal AK, Abrou AE, Stiff MA, Mehregan DA. Immunostaining in Mohs micrographic surgery: A review. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36:275-290.
53. Johnson TM, Headington JT, Baker SR, Lowe L. Usefulness of the staged excision for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: The "square" procedure. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37:758-764.
54. Stretch JR, Scolyer RA. Surgical strategies and histopathologic issues in the management of lentigo maligna. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16:1456-1458.
55. Mahoney M, Joseph M, Temple CL. The perimeter technique for lentigo maligna: An alternative to Mohs micrographic surgery. J Surg Oncol. 2005;91:120-125.
56. Clark GS, Pappas-Politis EC, Cherpelis BS, et al. Surgical management of melanoma in situ on chronically sun-damaged skin. Cancer Control 2008;15:216-224.
57. van Meurs T, van Doorn R, Kirtschig G. Recurrence of lentigo maligna after initial complete response to treatment with 5% imiquimod cream. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33:623-626; discussion 626-627.
58. Cohen LM. Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;33:923-936.
59. Zalaudek I, Horn M, Richtig E, Hödl S, Kerl H, Smolle J. Local recurrence in melanoma in situ: Influence of sex, age, site of involvement and therapeutic modalities. Br J Dermatol. 2003;148:703-708.
60. Powell AM, Robson AM, Russell-Jones R, Barlow RJ. Imiquimod and lentigo maligna: A search for prognostic features in a clinicopathological study with long-term follow-up. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160:994-998.
61. Farshad A, Burg G, Panizzon R, Dummer R. A retrospective study of 150 patients with lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma and the efficacy of radiotherapy using Grenz or soft X-rays. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:1042-1046.
62. Schmid-Wendtner MH, Brunner B, Konz B, et al. Fractionated radiotherapy of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in 64 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000; 43:477-482.