A performance assessment of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) via comparison with the Canadian Lightning Detection Network (CLDN)

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1143-1153

  Abreu, D ^a   Chandan, D ^a   Holzworth, R H ^b   Strong, K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; ALGORITHM; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; IONOSPHERE; LIGHTNING; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

CANADA; ONTARIO [CANADA]; TORONTO;

EID: 84856718786     PISSN: 18671381     EISSN: 18678548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/amt-3-1143-2010     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Burrows, W. R., King, P., Lewis, P. J., Kochtubajda, B., Snyder, B., and Turcotte, V.: Lightning occurrence patterns over Canada and adjacent United States from lightning detection network observations, Atmos.-Ocean, 40(1), 59-81, 2002.
2. Choi, Y., Wang, Y., Zeng, T., Martin, R. V., Kurosu, T. P., and Chance, K.: Evidence of lightning NOx and convective transport of pollutants in satellite observations over North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02805, doi:10.1029/2004GL021436, 2005.
3. Christian, H. J., Blakeslee, R. J., Boccippio, D. J., Boeck, W. L., Buechler, D. E., Driscoll, K. T., Goodman, S. J., Hall, J. M., Koshak, W. J., Mach, D. M., and Stewart, M. F.: Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 4005, doi:10.1029/2002JD002347, 2003.
4. Crombie, D. D.: Periodic fading of VLF signals received over long paths during sunrise and sunset, J. Research National Bureau of Standards, Radio Sci., 68D, 27-34, 1964.
5. Cummins, K. L., Krider, E. P., and Malone, M. D.: The U.S. National Lightning Detection Network and applications of cloud-toground lightning data by electric power utilities, IEEE T. Electromagn. C., 40(4), 465-480, 1998a.
6. Cummins, K. L., Murphy, M. J., Bardo, E. A., Hiscox, W. L., Pyle, R. B., and Pifer, A. E.: A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D8), 9035-9044, 1998b.
7. Cummins, K. L. and Murphy, M. J.: An overview of lightning location systems: History, techniques, and data uses, with an indepth look at the U.S. NLDN, IEEE T. Electromagn. C., 51(3), 499-518, 2009.
8. Dockendorff, D. and Spring, K.: The Canadian Lightning Detection Network-Novel approaches for performance measurement and network management, Proceedings, WMO Technical Conference on Instruments and Methods of Observation (TECO), Bucharest, Romania, 2005.
9. Dowden, R. L., Brundell, J. B., and Rodger, C. J.: VLF lightning location by time of group arrival (TOGA) at multiple sites, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 64, 817-830, 2002.
10. Höller, H., Betz, H.-D., Schmidt, K., Calheiros, R. V., May, P., Houngninou, E., and Scialom, G.: Lightning characteristics observed by a VLF/LF lightning detection network (LINET) in Brazil, Australia, Africa and Germany, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7795-7824, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7795-2009, 2009.
11. Jacobson, A. R., Holzworth, R., Harlin, J., Dowden, R., and Lay, E.: Performance assessment of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), using the Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA) as ground truth, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 23, 1082-1092, 2006.
12. Lagouvardos, K., Kotroni, V., Betz, H.-D., and Schmidt, K.: A comparison of lightning data provided by ZEUS and LINET networks over Western Europe, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 1713-1717, doi:10.5194/nhess-9-1713-2009, 2009.
13. Lay, E. H., Holzworth, R. H., Rodger, C. J., Thomas, J. N., Pinto Jr., O., and Dowden, R.: WWLL global lightning detection system: Regional validation study in Brazil, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03102, doi:10.1029/2003GL018882, 2004.
14. Mach, D. M., Christian, H. J., Blakeslee, R. J., Boccippio, D. J., Goodman, S. J., and Boeck, W. L.: Performance assessment of the Optical Transient Detector and Lightning Imaging Sensor, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D09210, doi:10.1029/2006JD007787, 2007.
15. Martin, R. V., Sauvage, B., Folkins, I., Sioris, C. E., Boone, C., Bernath, P., and Ziemke, J.: Space-based constraints on the production of nitric oxide by lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D09309, doi:10.1029/2006JD007831, 2007.
16. Price, C.: Will a drier climate result in more lightning?, Atmos. Res., 91(2-4), 479-484, 2009.
17. Rakov, V. A. and Uman, M. A.: Lightning: Physics and Effects, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2003.
18. Rodger, C. J., Brundell, J. B., and Dowden, R. L.: Location accuracy of VLF World-Wide Lightning Location (WWLL) network: Post-algorithm upgrade, Ann. Geophys., 23, 277-290, doi:10.5194/angeo-23-277-2005, 2005.
19. Rodger, C. J., Werner, S., Brundell, J. B., Lay, E. H., Thomson, N. R. Holzworth, R. H., and Dowden, R. L.: Detection efficiency of the VLF World-Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN): initial case study, Ann. Geophys., 24, 3197-3214, doi:10.5194/angeo-24-3197-2006, 2006.
20. Rodger, C. J., Brundell, J. B., Holzworth, R. H., and Lay, E. H.: Growing detection efficiency of theWorldWide Lightning Location Network, Am. Inst. Phys. Conf. Proc., Coupling of thunderstorms and lightning discharges to near-Earth space: Proceedings of the Workshop, 23-27 June 2008, Corte, France, 1118, 15-20, doi:10.1063/1.3137706, 2009.
21. Schlegel, K., Diendorfer, G., Thern, S., and Schmidt, M.: Thunderstorms, lightning and solar activity-Middle Europe, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 63, 1705-1713, 2001.
22. Sioris, C. E., McLinden, C. A., Martin, R. V., Sauvage, B., Haley, C. S., Lloyd, N. D., Llewellyn, E. J., Bernath, P. F., Boone, C. D., Brohede, S., and McElroy, C. T.: Vertical profiles of lightning-produced NO2 enhancements in the upper troposphere observed by OSIRIS, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4281-4294, doi:10.5194/acp-7-4281-2007, 2007.
23. Volland, H.: Atmospheric Electrodynamics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984.
24. Williams, E. R.: The Schumann Resonance: A global tropical thermometer, Science, 256, 1184-1187, 1992.