An evaluation of the muscle-bone unit theory among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 147-152

  De Zepetnek, J O Totosy ^a,b,c   Craven, B C ^b,d   Giangregorio, L M ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b TORONTO REHABILITATION INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

mechanostat theory; muscle atrophy; muscle bone unit; peripheral quantitative computed tomography; spinal cord injury; sublesional osteoporosis

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; BONE; BONE STRENGTH; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNER; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; FRAGILITY FRACTURE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MUSCLE; MUSCLE FUNCTION; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OSTEOPOROSIS; PERIPHERAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD INJURY; THEORY; TIBIA;

ADULT; BONE AND BONES; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEG; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; TIBIA;

EID: 84856640145     PISSN: 13624393     EISSN: 14765624     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.99     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Vestergaard P, Krogh K, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L. Fracture rates and risk factors for fractures in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1998; 36: 790-796. (Pubitemid 28515343)
2. Biering-Sorensen F, Bohr HH, Schaadt OP. Longitudinal study of bone mineral content in the lumbar spine, the forearm and the lower extremities after spinal cord injury. Eur J Clin Inv 1990; 20: 330-335. (Pubitemid 20189333)
3. Craven BC, Giangregorio L, Robertson L, Delparte J, Ashe MC, Eng JJ. Sublesional osteoporosis prevention, detection, and treatment: a decision guide for rehabilitation clinicians treating patients with spinal cord injury. Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med 2008; 20: 277-321.
4. Castro MJ, Apple Jr DF, Hillegass EA, Dudley GA. Influence of complete spinal cord injury on skeletal muscle cross-sectional area within the first 6 months of injury. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Phys 1999; 80: 373-378. (Pubitemid 29405672)
5. Elder CP, Apple DF, Bickel CS, Meyer RA, Dudley GA. Intramuscular fat and glucose tolerance after spinal cord injury-a cross-sectional study. Spinal Cord 2004; 42: 711-716. (Pubitemid 40065536)
6. Biering-Sorensen F, Hansen B, Lee BS. Non-pharmacological treatment and prevention of bone loss after spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord 2009; 47: 508-518.
7. Spungen AM, Wang J, Pierson Jr RN, Bauman WA. Soft tissue body composition differences in monozygotic twins discordant for spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88: 1310-1315. (Pubitemid 30217431)
8. Spungen AM, Adkins RH, Stewart CA, Wang J, Pierson Jr RN, Waters RL et al. Factors influencing body composition in persons with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Physiol 2003; 95: 2398-2407. (Pubitemid 37444985)
9. Frost HM. Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2003; 275: 1081-1101. (Pubitemid 37486785)
10. Schoenau E. From mechanostat theory to development of the 'Functional Muscle-Bone-Unit'. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2005; 5: 232-238. (Pubitemid 41684172)
11. Rittweger J, Beller G, Ehrig J, Jung C, Koch U, Ramolla J et al. Bone-muscle strength indices for the human lower leg. Bone 2000; 27: 319-326. (Pubitemid 30458829)
12. Schoenau E, Neu CM, Beck B, Manz F, Rauch F. Bone mineral content per muscle cross-sectional area as an index of the functional muscle-bone unit. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17: 1095-1101. (Pubitemid 34535148)
13. Lang TF, Cauley J, Tylavsky F, Bauer D, Cummings S, Harris T. Computed tomography measurements of thigh muscle cross-sectional area and attenuation coefficient predict hip fracture: the health, aging and body composition study. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25: 513-519.
14. de Bruin ED, Herzog R, Rozendal RH, Michel D, Stussi E. Estimation of geometric properties of cortical bone in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81: 150-156. (Pubitemid 30080671)
15. Sheu Y, Zmuda JM, Boudreau RM, Petit MA, Ensrud KE, Bauer DC et al. Bone strength measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and the risk of nonvertebral fractures: the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26: 63-71.
16. Maughan RJ, Watson JS, Weir J. Muscle strength and cross-sectional area in man: a comparison of strength-trained and untrained subjects. Br J Sports Med 1984; 18: 149-157.
17. Ashe MC, Khan KM, Kontulainen SA, Guy P, Liu D, Beck TJ et al. Accuracy of pQCT for evaluating the aged human radius: an ashing, histomorphometry and failure load investigation. Osteoporos Int 2006; 17: 1241-1251.
18. Dionyssiotis Y, Lyritis GP, Mavrogenis AF, Papagelopoulos PJ. Factors influencing bone loss in paraplegia. Hippokratia 2011; 15: 54-59.
19. Shields RK, Dudley-Javoroski S. Musculoskeletal plasticity after acute spinal cord injury: effects of long-term neuromuscular electrical stimulation training. J Neurophy-siol 2006; 95: 2380-2390.
20. Eser P, Frotzler A, Zehnder Y, Wick L, Knecht H, Denoth J et al. Relationship between the duration of paralysis and bone structure: a pQCT study of spinal cord injured individuals. Bone 2004; 34: 869-880. (Pubitemid 38581133)
21. Rittweger J, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Cointry G, Ferretti JL. Structural analysis of the human tibia in men with spinal cord injury by tomographic (pQCT) serial scans. Bone 2010; 47: 511-518.
22. MacIntyre NJ, Rombough R, Brouwer B. Relationships between calf muscle density and muscle strength, mobility and bone status in the stroke survivors with subacute and chronic lower limb hemiparesis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2010; 10: 249-255.
23. Daly RM, Saxon L, Turner CH, Robling AG, Bass SL. The relationship between muscle size and bone geometry during growth and in response to exercise. Bone 2004; 34: 281-287. (Pubitemid 38177609)
24. Hasegawa Y, Schneider P, Reiners C. Age, sex, and grip strength determine architectural bone parameters assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the human radius. J Biomech 2001; 34: 497-503. (Pubitemid 32215475)
25. Bauman WA, Spungen AM, Wang J, Pierson Jr RN, Schwartz E. Relationship of fat mass and serum estradiol with lower extremity bone in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 290: E1098-E1103. (Pubitemid 43853014)
26. Eser P, Frotzler A, Zehnder Y, Denoth J. Fracture threshold in the femur and tibia of people with spinal cord injury as determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86: 498-504. (Pubitemid 40326632)