메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 38-51

Strategic Patterns of Internationalization and Performance Variability: Effects of US-Based MNC Cross-Border Dispersion, Integration, and Outsourcing

Author keywords

Geographic dispersion; Global integration; Internationalization; Outsourcing; Performance variability

Indexed keywords


EID: 84856620169     PISSN: 10754253     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2011.10.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 84977316348 scopus 로고
    • Investor recognition of corporate international diversification
    • Agmon T., Lessard D.R. Investor recognition of corporate international diversification. Journal of Finance 1977, 32:1049-1055.
    • (1977) Journal of Finance , vol.32 , pp. 1049-1055
    • Agmon, T.1    Lessard, D.R.2
  • 4
    • 0023362722 scopus 로고
    • Managing across borders: new strategic requirements
    • Bartlett C.A., Ghoshal S. Managing across borders: new strategic requirements. Sloan Management Review 1987, 28:7-17.
    • (1987) Sloan Management Review , vol.28 , pp. 7-17
    • Bartlett, C.A.1    Ghoshal, S.2
  • 6
    • 67349245902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a trend towards global value chain specialization? - an examination of cross border sales of US foreign affiliates
    • Beugelsdijk S., Pedersen T., Petersen B. Is there a trend towards global value chain specialization? - an examination of cross border sales of US foreign affiliates. Journal of International Management 2009, 15:126-141.
    • (2009) Journal of International Management , vol.15 , pp. 126-141
    • Beugelsdijk, S.1    Pedersen, T.2    Petersen, B.3
  • 8
    • 85132289559 scopus 로고
    • Ownership patterns of U.S. joint ventures abroad and the liberalization of foreign government regulations in the 1980s: evidence from the benchmark surveys
    • Contractor F.J. Ownership patterns of U.S. joint ventures abroad and the liberalization of foreign government regulations in the 1980s: evidence from the benchmark surveys. Journal of International Business Studies 1990, 21:55-73.
    • (1990) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.21 , pp. 55-73
    • Contractor, F.J.1
  • 9
    • 34347251942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is international business good for companies? The evolutionary or multi-stage theory of internationalization vs. the transaction cost perspective
    • Contractor F.J. Is international business good for companies? The evolutionary or multi-stage theory of internationalization vs. the transaction cost perspective. Management International Review 2007, 47:453-475.
    • (2007) Management International Review , vol.47 , pp. 453-475
    • Contractor, F.J.1
  • 10
    • 0037228934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-stage theory of international expansion: the link between multinationality and performance in the service sector
    • Contractor F.J., Kundu S.K., Hsu C.C. A three-stage theory of international expansion: the link between multinationality and performance in the service sector. Journal of International Business Studies 2003, 34:5-18.
    • (2003) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.34 , pp. 5-18
    • Contractor, F.J.1    Kundu, S.K.2    Hsu, C.C.3
  • 11
    • 77958611118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconceptualizing the firm in a world of outsourcing and offshoring: the organizational and geographical relocation of high-value company
    • Contractor F.J., Kumar V., Kundu S.K., Pedersen T. Reconceptualizing the firm in a world of outsourcing and offshoring: the organizational and geographical relocation of high-value company. Journal of Management Studies 2010, 47:1417-1433.
    • (2010) Journal of Management Studies , vol.47 , pp. 1417-1433
    • Contractor, F.J.1    Kumar, V.2    Kundu, S.K.3    Pedersen, T.4
  • 12
    • 0003124551 scopus 로고
    • Complex patterns of vertical integration in the forest products industry: systematic and bankruptcy risks
    • D'Aveni R.A., Ilinitch A.Y. Complex patterns of vertical integration in the forest products industry: systematic and bankruptcy risks. Academy of Management Journal 1992, 35:596-625.
    • (1992) Academy of Management Journal , vol.35 , pp. 596-625
    • D'Aveni, R.A.1    Ilinitch, A.Y.2
  • 13
    • 0347528591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic assessment of the empirical support for transaction cost economics
    • David R.J., Han S.-K. A systematic assessment of the empirical support for transaction cost economics. Strategic Management Journal 2004, 25:39-58.
    • (2004) Strategic Management Journal , vol.25 , pp. 39-58
    • David, R.J.1    Han, S.-K.2
  • 14
    • 0002363340 scopus 로고
    • Strategic management in multinational companies
    • Doz Y. Strategic management in multinational companies. Sloan Management Review 1980, 21:27-46.
    • (1980) Sloan Management Review , vol.21 , pp. 27-46
    • Doz, Y.1
  • 15
    • 0036013274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International diversification and analysts' forecast accuracy and bias
    • Duru A., Reeb D.M. International diversification and analysts' forecast accuracy and bias. The Accounting Review 2002, 77:415-433.
    • (2002) The Accounting Review , vol.77 , pp. 415-433
    • Duru, A.1    Reeb, D.M.2
  • 16
    • 85132284289 scopus 로고
    • Information-processing theory and the multinational enterprise
    • Egelhoff W.G. Information-processing theory and the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies 1991, 22:341-368.
    • (1991) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.22 , pp. 341-368
    • Egelhoff, W.G.1
  • 17
    • 79954692710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do firms benefit from multinationality through production shifting?
    • Fisch J.H., Zschoche M. Do firms benefit from multinationality through production shifting?. Journal of International Management 2011, 17:143-149.
    • (2011) Journal of International Management , vol.17 , pp. 143-149
    • Fisch, J.H.1    Zschoche, M.2
  • 21
    • 84989059716 scopus 로고
    • Global strategy: an organizing framework
    • Ghoshal S. Global strategy: an organizing framework. Strategic Management Journal 1987, 8:425-440.
    • (1987) Strategic Management Journal , vol.8 , pp. 425-440
    • Ghoshal, S.1
  • 22
    • 0000190578 scopus 로고
    • The multinational corporation as an interorganizational network
    • Ghoshal S., Bartlett C.A. The multinational corporation as an interorganizational network. Academy of Management Review 1990, 15:603-625.
    • (1990) Academy of Management Review , vol.15 , pp. 603-625
    • Ghoshal, S.1    Bartlett, C.A.2
  • 23
    • 84989093415 scopus 로고
    • Internal differentiation within multinational corporations
    • Ghoshal S., Nohria N. Internal differentiation within multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal 1989, 10:323-337.
    • (1989) Strategic Management Journal , vol.10 , pp. 323-337
    • Ghoshal, S.1    Nohria, N.2
  • 24
    • 0002845606 scopus 로고
    • Horses for courses: organizational forms for multinational corporations
    • Ghoshal S., Nohria N. Horses for courses: organizational forms for multinational corporations. Sloan Management Review 1993, 34:23-35.
    • (1993) Sloan Management Review , vol.34 , pp. 23-35
    • Ghoshal, S.1    Nohria, N.2
  • 25
    • 0002162444 scopus 로고
    • Interunit communication in multinational corporations
    • Ghoshal S., Korine H., Szulanski G. Interunit communication in multinational corporations. Management Science 1994, 40:96-110.
    • (1994) Management Science , vol.40 , pp. 96-110
    • Ghoshal, S.1    Korine, H.2    Szulanski, G.3
  • 27
    • 0000540321 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations
    • Gupta A.K., Govindarajan V. Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations. Academy of Management Review 1991, 16:768-792.
    • (1991) Academy of Management Review , vol.16 , pp. 768-792
    • Gupta, A.K.1    Govindarajan, V.2
  • 28
    • 84989104429 scopus 로고
    • Strategy, structure, and performance of U.S. manufacturing and service MNCs: a comparative analysis
    • Habib M.M., Victor B. Strategy, structure, and performance of U.S. manufacturing and service MNCs: a comparative analysis. Strategic Management Journal 1991, 12:589-606.
    • (1991) Strategic Management Journal , vol.12 , pp. 589-606
    • Habib, M.M.1    Victor, B.2
  • 31
    • 0001543006 scopus 로고
    • Vertical integration and corporate strategy
    • Harrigan K.R. Vertical integration and corporate strategy. Academy of Management Journal 1985, 28:397-425.
    • (1985) Academy of Management Journal , vol.28 , pp. 397-425
    • Harrigan, K.R.1
  • 32
    • 84989078902 scopus 로고
    • Matching vertical integration strategies to competitive conditions
    • Harrigan K.R. Matching vertical integration strategies to competitive conditions. Strategic Management Journal 1986, 7:535-555.
    • (1986) Strategic Management Journal , vol.7 , pp. 535-555
    • Harrigan, K.R.1
  • 33
    • 0040211566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical analysis and extension of the Bartlett and Ghoshal typology of multinational companies
    • Harzing A.W. An empirical analysis and extension of the Bartlett and Ghoshal typology of multinational companies. Journal of International Business Studies 2000, 31:101-119.
    • (2000) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.31 , pp. 101-119
    • Harzing, A.W.1
  • 34
    • 67349171111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 30+ years of research and practice of outsourcing: exploring the past and anticipating the future
    • Hätönen J., Eriksson T. 30+ years of research and practice of outsourcing: exploring the past and anticipating the future. Journal of International Management 2009, 15:142-155.
    • (2009) Journal of International Management , vol.15 , pp. 142-155
    • Hätönen, J.1    Eriksson, T.2
  • 36
    • 0002088673 scopus 로고
    • Multinational companies and international trade: the impact of intrafirm shipments on U.S. foreign trade 1977-1982
    • Hipple F.S. Multinational companies and international trade: the impact of intrafirm shipments on U.S. foreign trade 1977-1982. Journal of International Business Studies 1990, 21:495-504.
    • (1990) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.21 , pp. 495-504
    • Hipple, F.S.1
  • 37
    • 0033420384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information technology and firm boundaries: evidence from panel data
    • Hitt L.M. Information technology and firm boundaries: evidence from panel data. Information Systems Research 1999, 10:134-149.
    • (1999) Information Systems Research , vol.10 , pp. 134-149
    • Hitt, L.M.1
  • 38
    • 20944447734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navigating in the new competitive landscape: building strategic flexibility and competitive advantage in the 21st century
    • Hitt M.A., Keats B.W., DeMarie S.M. Navigating in the new competitive landscape: building strategic flexibility and competitive advantage in the 21st century. The Academy of Management Executive 1998, 12:22-42.
    • (1998) The Academy of Management Executive , vol.12 , pp. 22-42
    • Hitt, M.A.1    Keats, B.W.2    DeMarie, S.M.3
  • 39
    • 84972168243 scopus 로고
    • Corporate international diversification and market assigned measures of risk and diversification
    • Hughes J.S., Logue D.E., Sweeney R.J. Corporate international diversification and market assigned measures of risk and diversification. Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis 1975, 10:627-637.
    • (1975) Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis , vol.10 , pp. 627-637
    • Hughes, J.S.1    Logue, D.E.2    Sweeney, R.J.3
  • 40
    • 58449103255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing vertical integration strategies under pressure from foreign competition: the case of US and German multinationals
    • Hutzschenreuter T., Grone F. Changing vertical integration strategies under pressure from foreign competition: the case of US and German multinationals. Journal of Management Studies 2009, 46:269-307.
    • (2009) Journal of Management Studies , vol.46 , pp. 269-307
    • Hutzschenreuter, T.1    Grone, F.2
  • 42
    • 21844482618 scopus 로고
    • An empirical analysis of the integration-responsiveness framework: U.S. construction equipment industry firms in global competition
    • Johnson J.H. An empirical analysis of the integration-responsiveness framework: U.S. construction equipment industry firms in global competition. Journal of International Business Studies 1995, 26:621-635.
    • (1995) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.26 , pp. 621-635
    • Johnson, J.H.1
  • 43
    • 12144249911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global/industrial diversification and analyst herding
    • Kim C., Pantzalis C. Global/industrial diversification and analyst herding. Financial Analysts Journal 2003, 59:69-79.
    • (2003) Financial Analysts Journal , vol.59 , pp. 69-79
    • Kim, C.1    Pantzalis, C.2
  • 44
    • 84989152170 scopus 로고
    • Multinationals' diversification and the risk-return trade-off
    • Kim W.C., Hwang P., Burgers W.P. Multinationals' diversification and the risk-return trade-off. Strategic Management Journal 1993, 14:275-286.
    • (1993) Strategic Management Journal , vol.14 , pp. 275-286
    • Kim, W.C.1    Hwang, P.2    Burgers, W.P.3
  • 45
    • 37849046125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firm diversification and earnings volatility: an empirical analysis of U.S.-based MNCs
    • Kim C., Kim S., Pantzalis C. Firm diversification and earnings volatility: an empirical analysis of U.S.-based MNCs. American Business Review 2001, 19:26-38.
    • (2001) American Business Review , vol.19 , pp. 26-38
    • Kim, C.1    Kim, S.2    Pantzalis, C.3
  • 46
    • 0000827401 scopus 로고
    • Vertical integration, appropriable rents, and the competitive contracting process
    • Klein B., Crawford R.G., Alchian A.A. Vertical integration, appropriable rents, and the competitive contracting process. Journal of Law and Economics 1978, 21:297-326.
    • (1978) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.21 , pp. 297-326
    • Klein, B.1    Crawford, R.G.2    Alchian, A.A.3
  • 47
    • 84984730377 scopus 로고
    • An empirical analysis of the determinants of global integration
    • Kobrin S.J. An empirical analysis of the determinants of global integration. Strategic Management Journal 1991, 12:17-31.
    • (1991) Strategic Management Journal , vol.12 , pp. 17-31
    • Kobrin, S.J.1
  • 48
    • 0002516914 scopus 로고
    • Designing global strategies: profiting from operational flexibility
    • Kogut B. Designing global strategies: profiting from operational flexibility. Sloan Management Review 1985, 27:27-38.
    • (1985) Sloan Management Review , vol.27 , pp. 27-38
    • Kogut, B.1
  • 49
    • 0000160102 scopus 로고
    • Operating flexibility, global manufacturing, and the option value of a multinational network
    • Kogut B., Kulatilaka N. Operating flexibility, global manufacturing, and the option value of a multinational network. Management Science 1994, 40:123-139.
    • (1994) Management Science , vol.40 , pp. 123-139
    • Kogut, B.1    Kulatilaka, N.2
  • 50
    • 0012313317 scopus 로고
    • "Hollowing-out" of U. S. multinationals and their global competitiveness: an intrafirm perspective
    • Kotabe M. "Hollowing-out" of U. S. multinationals and their global competitiveness: an intrafirm perspective. Journal of Business Research 1989, 19:1-15.
    • (1989) Journal of Business Research , vol.19 , pp. 1-15
    • Kotabe, M.1
  • 51
    • 67349238171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global sourcing and value creation: opportunities and challenges
    • Kotabe M., Mudambi R. Global sourcing and value creation: opportunities and challenges. Journal of International Management 2009, 15:121-125.
    • (2009) Journal of International Management , vol.15 , pp. 121-125
    • Kotabe, M.1    Mudambi, R.2
  • 52
    • 21344498405 scopus 로고
    • Offshore sourcing: reaction, maturation, and consolidation of U.S. multinationals
    • Kotabe M., Swan K.S. Offshore sourcing: reaction, maturation, and consolidation of U.S. multinationals. Journal of International Business Studies 1994, 25:115-140.
    • (1994) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.25 , pp. 115-140
    • Kotabe, M.1    Swan, K.S.2
  • 53
    • 33847323018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antecedents and outcomes of modular production in the Brazilian automobile industry: a grounded theory approach
    • Kotabe M., Parente R., Murray J.Y. Antecedents and outcomes of modular production in the Brazilian automobile industry: a grounded theory approach. Journal of International Business Studies 2007, 38:84-106.
    • (2007) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.38 , pp. 84-106
    • Kotabe, M.1    Parente, R.2    Murray, J.Y.3
  • 54
    • 0039011884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internationalization and firm risk: an upstream-downstream hypothesis
    • Kwok C.C.Y., Reeb D.M. Internationalization and firm risk: an upstream-downstream hypothesis. Journal of International Business Studies 2000, 31:611-629.
    • (2000) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.31 , pp. 611-629
    • Kwok, C.C.Y.1    Reeb, D.M.2
  • 55
    • 0012397918 scopus 로고
    • Vertical integration and profitability in the oil industry
    • Levin R.C. Vertical integration and profitability in the oil industry. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 1981, 2:215-235.
    • (1981) Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization , vol.2 , pp. 215-235
    • Levin, R.C.1
  • 56
    • 4544266333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International diversification and firm performance: the S-curve hypothesis
    • Lu J.W., Beamish P.W. International diversification and firm performance: the S-curve hypothesis. Academy of Management Journal 2004, 47:598-609.
    • (2004) Academy of Management Journal , vol.47 , pp. 598-609
    • Lu, J.W.1    Beamish, P.W.2
  • 57
    • 0002426341 scopus 로고
    • Diversification benefits of direct foreign investment
    • Madura J., Whyte A.M. Diversification benefits of direct foreign investment. Management International Review 1990, 30:73-85.
    • (1990) Management International Review , vol.30 , pp. 73-85
    • Madura, J.1    Whyte, A.M.2
  • 58
    • 84989065253 scopus 로고
    • The choice of organizational form: vertical financial ownership versus other methods of vertical integration
    • Mahoney J.T. The choice of organizational form: vertical financial ownership versus other methods of vertical integration. Strategic Management Journal 1992, 13:559-584.
    • (1992) Strategic Management Journal , vol.13 , pp. 559-584
    • Mahoney, J.T.1
  • 61
    • 73249141755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of MNC network configuration patterns on the volatility of firm performance
    • Mauri A.J. Influence of MNC network configuration patterns on the volatility of firm performance. Management International Review 2009, 49:691-707.
    • (2009) Management International Review , vol.49 , pp. 691-707
    • Mauri, A.J.1
  • 62
    • 0037585507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global integration as inter-area product flows: the internalization of ownership and location factors influencing product flows across MNC units
    • Mauri A.J., Phatak A.V. Global integration as inter-area product flows: the internalization of ownership and location factors influencing product flows across MNC units. Management International Review 2001, 41:233-249.
    • (2001) Management International Review , vol.41 , pp. 233-249
    • Mauri, A.J.1    Phatak, A.V.2
  • 64
    • 49749084366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Location, control and innovation in knowledge-intensive industries
    • Mudambi R. Location, control and innovation in knowledge-intensive industries. Journal of Economic Geography 2008, 8:699-725.
    • (2008) Journal of Economic Geography , vol.8 , pp. 699-725
    • Mudambi, R.1
  • 65
    • 80052092256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leveraging knowledge and competencies across space: the next frontier in international business
    • Mudambi R., Swift T. Leveraging knowledge and competencies across space: the next frontier in international business. Journal of International Management 2011, 17:186-189.
    • (2011) Journal of International Management , vol.17 , pp. 186-189
    • Mudambi, R.1    Swift, T.2
  • 67
    • 81155133747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of supply chain integration, modular production, and cultural distance on new product development: A dynamic capabilities approach
    • Parente R.C., Baack D.W., Hahn E.D., Parente R.C. The effect of supply chain integration, modular production, and cultural distance on new product development: A dynamic capabilities approach. Journal of International Management 2011, 17:278-290.
    • (2011) Journal of International Management , vol.17 , pp. 278-290
    • Parente, R.C.1    Baack, D.W.2    Hahn, E.D.3    Parente, R.C.4
  • 69
    • 0030497295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of multinationality measures upon the risk-return performance of US firms
    • Qian G. The effect of multinationality measures upon the risk-return performance of US firms. International Business Review 1996, 5:247-265.
    • (1996) International Business Review , vol.5 , pp. 247-265
    • Qian, G.1
  • 70
    • 0002366903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic outsourcing: leveraging knowledge capabilities
    • Quinn J.B. Strategic outsourcing: leveraging knowledge capabilities. Sloan Management Review 1999, 40:9-21.
    • (1999) Sloan Management Review , vol.40 , pp. 9-21
    • Quinn, J.B.1
  • 72
    • 0032393320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do multinationals operate flexibly? Theory and evidence
    • Rangan S. Do multinationals operate flexibly? Theory and evidence. Journal of International Business Studies 1998, 29:217-237.
    • (1998) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.29 , pp. 217-237
    • Rangan, S.1
  • 73
    • 70649090350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information technology and transnational integration: theory and evidence on the evolution of the modern multinational enterprise
    • Rangan S., Sengul M. Information technology and transnational integration: theory and evidence on the evolution of the modern multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies 2009, 40:1496-1514.
    • (2009) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.40 , pp. 1496-1514
    • Rangan, S.1    Sengul, M.2
  • 75
    • 85132290165 scopus 로고
    • An empirical analysis of the integration-responsiveness framework in global industries
    • Roth K., Morrison A.J. An empirical analysis of the integration-responsiveness framework in global industries. Journal of International Business Studies 1990, 21:541-564.
    • (1990) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.21 , pp. 541-564
    • Roth, K.1    Morrison, A.J.2
  • 78
    • 34347204117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The internationalization-performance relationship at Swiss firms: a rest of the S-shape and extreme degrees of internationalization
    • Ruigrok W., Amann W., Wagner H. The internationalization-performance relationship at Swiss firms: a rest of the S-shape and extreme degrees of internationalization. Management International Review 2007, 47:349-368.
    • (2007) Management International Review , vol.47 , pp. 349-368
    • Ruigrok, W.1    Amann, W.2    Wagner, H.3
  • 79
    • 67650519641 scopus 로고
    • Empirical research in transaction cost economics: a review and assessment
    • Shelanski H.A., Klein P.G. Empirical research in transaction cost economics: a review and assessment. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 1995, 11:335-361.
    • (1995) Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization , vol.11 , pp. 335-361
    • Shelanski, H.A.1    Klein, P.G.2
  • 80
    • 11044231162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic flexibility: organizational preparedness to reverse ineffective strategic decisions
    • Shimizu K., Hitt M.A. Strategic flexibility: organizational preparedness to reverse ineffective strategic decisions. The Academy of Management Executive 2004, 18:44-59.
    • (2004) The Academy of Management Executive , vol.18 , pp. 44-59
    • Shimizu, K.1    Hitt, M.A.2
  • 82
    • 85071092308 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the degree of internationalization of a firm
    • Sullivan D. Measuring the degree of internationalization of a firm. Journal of International Business Studies 1994, 25:325-342.
    • (1994) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.25 , pp. 325-342
    • Sullivan, D.1
  • 83
    • 21144476602 scopus 로고
    • The environment and internal organization of multinational enterprises
    • Sundaram A.K., Black J.S. The environment and internal organization of multinational enterprises. Academy of Management Review 1992, 17:729-757.
    • (1992) Academy of Management Review , vol.17 , pp. 729-757
    • Sundaram, A.K.1    Black, J.S.2
  • 85
    • 84963192875 scopus 로고
    • Risk reduction and international diversification: an analysis of large UK multinational companies
    • Thompson R.S. Risk reduction and international diversification: an analysis of large UK multinational companies. Applied Economics 1985, 17:529-541.
    • (1985) Applied Economics , vol.17 , pp. 529-541
    • Thompson, R.S.1
  • 86
    • 34248363882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real options in multinational corporations: organizational challenges and risk implications
    • Tong T.W., Reuer J.J. Real options in multinational corporations: organizational challenges and risk implications. Journal of International Business Studies 2007, 38:215-230.
    • (2007) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.38 , pp. 215-230
    • Tong, T.W.1    Reuer, J.J.2
  • 87
    • 0000471240 scopus 로고
    • Information processing as an integrating concept in organizational design
    • Tushman M.L., Nadler D.A. Information processing as an integrating concept in organizational design. Academy of Management Review 1978, 3:613-624.
    • (1978) Academy of Management Review , vol.3 , pp. 613-624
    • Tushman, M.L.1    Nadler, D.A.2
  • 88
    • 0000453367 scopus 로고
    • The vertical integration of production: market failure considerations
    • Williamson O.E. The vertical integration of production: market failure considerations. American Economic Review 1971, 61:112-123.
    • (1971) American Economic Review , vol.61 , pp. 112-123
    • Williamson, O.E.1
  • 89
    • 0007799704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The domestic orientation of production and sales by U.S. manufacturing affiliates of foreign companies
    • Zeile W.J. The domestic orientation of production and sales by U.S. manufacturing affiliates of foreign companies. Survey of Current Business 1998, 78:29-50.
    • (1998) Survey of Current Business , vol.78 , pp. 29-50
    • Zeile, W.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.