Cathepsin S as a biomarker: Where are we now and what are the future challenges?

Biomarkers in Medicine

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 9-11

  Ärnlv, Johan ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

biomarker; cancer; cardiovascular disease; cathepsin S

Indexed keywords

CATHEPSIN S; CATHEPSIN S INHIBITOR; CYSTATIN C;

ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MARKER; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INFLAMMATION; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CATHEPSINS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; OBESITY; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84856613892     PISSN: 17520363     EISSN: 17520371     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/bmm.11.102     Document Type: Review

References (20)

1. Chapman HA, Riese RJ, Shi GP. Emerging roles for cysteine proteases in human biology. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 59, 63-88 (1997). (Pubitemid 27142435)
2. Shi GP, Villadangos JA, Dranoff G, et al. Cathepsin S required for normal MHC class II peptide loading and germinal center development. Immunity 10(2), 197-206 (1999). (Pubitemid 29115625)
3. Pozgan U, Caglic D, Rozman B, Nagase H, Turk V, Turk B. Expression and activity profiling of selected cysteine cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Biol. Chem. 391(5), 571-579 (2010).
4. Williams AS, Eynott PR, Leung SY, et al. Role of cathepsin S in ozone-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 22(1), 27-32 (2009).
5. Barclay J, Clark AK, Ganju P, et al. Role of the cysteine protease cathepsin S in neuropathic hyperalgesia. Pain 130(3), 225-234 (2007). (Pubitemid 46977115)
6. Lemere CA, Munger JS, Shi GP, et al. The lysosomal cysteine protease, cathepsin S, is increased in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome brain. An immunocytochemical study. Am. J. Pathol. 146(4), 848-860 (1995).
7. Taleb S, Cancello R, Poitou C, et al. Weight loss reduces adipose tissue cathepsin S and its circulating levels in morbidly obese women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91(3), 1042-1047 (2006). (Pubitemid 43357778)
8. Liu J, Ma L, Yang J, et al. Increased serum cathepsin S in patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes. Atherosclerosis 186(2), 411-419 (2006).
9. Spielmann N, Mutch DM, Rousseau F, et al. Cathepsin S genotypes are associated with Apo-A1 and HDL-cholesterol in lean and obese French populations. Clin. Genet. 74(2), 155-163 (2008). (Pubitemid 351974276)
10. De Nooijer R, Bot I, Von Der Thusen JH, et al. Leukocyte cathepsin S is a potent regulator of both cell and matrix turnover in advanced atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 29(2), 188-194 (2009).
11. Wang B, Sun J, Kitamoto S, et al. Cathepsin S controls angiogenesis and tumor growth via matrix-derived angiogenic factors. J. Biol. Chem. 281(9), 6020-6029 (2006). (Pubitemid 43847703)
12. Lee-Dutra A, Wiener DK, Sun S. Cathepsin S inhibitors: 2004-2010. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 21(3), 311-337 (2011).
13. Jobs E, Riserus U, Ingelsson E, et al. Serum cathepsin S is associated with serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 independently of obesity in elderly men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95(9), 4460-4464 (2010).
14. Akerfeldt T, Larsson A. Inflammatory response is associated with increased cathepsin B and decreased cathepsin S concentrations in the circulation. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 71(3), 203-207 (2011).
15. Naour N, Rouault C, Fellahi S, et al. Cathepsins in human obesity: changes in energy balance predominantly affect cathepsin S in adipose tissue and in circulation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95(4), 1861-1868 (2010).
16. Liu J, Sukhova GK, Sun JS, Xu WH, Libby P, Shi GP. Lysosomal cysteine proteases in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24(8), 1359-1366 (2004). (Pubitemid 39056073)
17. Jobs E, Ingelsson E, Riserus U, et al. Association between serum cathepsin S and mortality in older adults. JAMA 306(10), 1113-1121 (2011).
18. Urbonaviciene G, Shi GP, Urbonavicius S, Henneberg EW, Lindholt JS. Higher cystatin C level predicts long-term mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 216(2), 440-445 (2011).
19. Gormley JA, Hegarty SM, O'Grady A, et al. The role of cathepsin S as a marker of prognosis and predictor of chemotherapy benefit in adjuvant CRC: a pilot study. Br. J. Cancer 105(10), 1487-1494 (2011).
20. Verduijn M, Siegerink B, Jager KJ, Zoccali C, Dekker FW. Mendelian randomization: use of genetics to enable causal inference in observational studies. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 25(5), 1394-1398 (2010).