Identification of cathinones and other active components of 'legal highs' by mass spectrometric methods

TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 32, Issue , 2012, Pages 15-30

  Zuba, Dariusz ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC RESEARCH   (Poland)

Author keywords

cleavage; Active component; Cathinone; Characteristic fragmentation; Identification; Legal high; Mass spectrometry; Parent ion; Protonated molecular ion; Recreational drug

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE COMPONENTS; CATHINONE; CHARACTERISTIC FRAGMENTATION; LEGAL HIGH; PROTONATED; RECREATIONAL DRUGS;

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; DRUG PRODUCTS; IDENTIFICATION (CONTROL SYSTEMS); INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; ION SOURCES; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEDICINE; PROTONATION;

IONS;

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 4' METHYLMETHCATHINONE; ACYLIUM; ALPHA PHTHALIMIDOPROPIOPHENONE; AMFEBUTAMONE; AMFEPRAMONE; AMINE; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; BUPHEDRONE; BUTYLONE; CATHINONE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; CHEMICAL COMPOUND; DESIGNER DRUG; ETHCATHINONE; ETHYLONE; FLEPHEDRONE; IMINIUM; METHAMPHETAMINE; METHCATHINONE; METHYLONE; NAPHYRONE; PENTEDRONE; PENTYLONE; PHENETHYLAMINE DERIVATIVE; PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVE; PSILOCYBINE; RECREATIONAL DRUG; TRYPTAMINE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANALYTIC METHOD; DRUG CLASSIFICATION; DRUG IDENTIFICATION; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG SYNTHESIS; FRAGMENTATION REACTION; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; LC ESI QTOF MS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTON TRANSPORT; REVIEW; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; WATER LOSS;

EID: 84856575678     PISSN: 01659936     EISSN: 18793142     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.09.009     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Buchanan J.F., Brown C.R. Med. Toxicol. Adverse Drug. Exp. 1988, 3:1.
2. EMCDDA, Europol Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA; available at: (). http://www.europol.europa.eu/publications/Joint_publications_on_illicit_drugs/EMCDDA-Europol_Annual_Report_2009.pdf.
3. Elliott S. Bioanalysis 2011, 3:249.
4. Staack R.F., Maurer H.H. Curr. Drug Metab. 2005, 6:259.
5. Hillebrand J., Olszewski D., Sedefov R. Subst. Use Misuse 2010, 45:330.
6. Schmidt M.M., Sharma A., Schifano F., Feinmann C. Forensic Sci. Int. 2011, 206:92.
7. Maurer H.H. Ther. Drug Monit. 2010, 32:544.
8. Fleming N. New Scientist 2010, 206:42.
9. Brandt S.D., Sumnall H.R., Measham F., Cole J. Brit. Med. J. 2010, 341:c3564.
10. Tearavarich R., Hahnvajanawong V., Dempster N., Daley P.F., Cozzi N.V., Brandt S.D. Drug Test Anal 2011, 3:597.
11. Rambabu C., Rao S.V., Ramu G., Babu A.B. Rasāyan J. Chem. 2010, 3:615.
12. Söderholm S.L., Damm M., Kappe C.O. Mol. Divers. 2010, 14:869.
13. Wang S.M., Lewis R.J., Canfield D., Li T.L., Chen C.Y., Liu R.H. J. Chromatogr., B 2005, 15:88.
14. Byrska B., Zuba D. Probl. Forensic Sci. 2009, 79:303.
15. Wohlfarth A., Weinmann W. Bioanalysis 2010, 2:965.
16. Peters F.T., Martinez-Ramirez J.A. Ther. Drug Monit. 2010, 32:532.
17. Meyer M.R., Wilhelm J., Peters F.T., Maurer H.H. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 397:1225.
18. Meyer M.R., Maurer H.H. Curr. Drug Metab. 2010, 11:468.
19. Vorce S.P., Sklerov J.H. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2004, 28:407.
20. Brandt S.D., Martins C.P.B. Trends Anal. Chem. 2010, 29:858.
21. Wohlfarth A., Weinmann W., Dresen S. Anal. Bioanal Chem. 2010, 396:2403.
22. Brandt S.D., Sumnall H.R., Measham F., Cole J. Drug Test. Anal. 2010, 2:377.
23. Brandt S.D., Freeman S., Sumnall H.R., Measham F., Cole J. Drug Test. Anal. 2011, 3:569.
24. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Annual Report 2010: The state of the drugs problem in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2010.
25. http://www.justice.gov/dea/concern/psilocybin.html.
26. de Boer D., Bosman I.J., Hidvégi E., Manzoni C., Benkö A.A., dos Reys L.J., Maes R.A. Forensic Sci. Int. 2001, 121:47.
27. Griffiths P., Lopez D., Sedefov R., Gallegos A., Hughes B., Noor A., Royuela L. J. Ethnopharm. 2010, 132:578.
28. Martins C.P.B., Freeman S., Alder J.F., Passie T., Brandt S.D. Trends Anal. Chem. 2010, 29:285.
29. Brandt S.D., Freeman S., McGagh P., Abdul-Halim N., Alder J.F. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2004, 36:675.
30. Chen B.H., Liu J.T., Chen W.X., Chen H.M., Lin C.H. Talanta 2008, 74:512.
31. Smyth W.F. J. Chromatogr., B 2005, 824:1.
32. Byrska B., Zuba D., Stanaszek R. Probl. Forensic Sci. 2010, 81:301.
33. Takahashi M., Nagashima M., Suzuki J., Seto T., Yasuda I., Yoshida T. Talanta 2009, 77:1245.
34. Peters F.T., Schaefer S., Staack R.F., Kraemer T., Maurer H.H. J. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 38:659.
35. Sørensen L.K. J. Chromatogr., B 2011, 879:727.
36. Strano-Rossi S., Cadwallader A.B., de la Torre X., Botrè F. Rapid Commun. Mass. Sp. 2010, 24:2706.
37. Bogusz M.J., Krüger K.D., Maier R.D. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2000, 24:77.
38. Ojanperä I., Pelander A., Laks S., Gergov M., Vuori E., Witt M. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2005, 29:34.
39. Smyth W.F., Joyce C., Ramachandran V.N., O'Kane E., Coulter D. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 506:203.
40. Westphal F., Junge T., Rosner P., Sonnichsen F., Schuster F. Forensic Sci. Int. 2009, 190:1.
41. Westphal F., Junge T., Rosner P., Fritschi G., Klein B., Girreser U. Forensic Sci. Int. 2007, 169:32.
42. Westphal F., Junge T., Klein B., Fritschi G., Girreser U. Forensic Sci. Int. 2011, 209:126.
43. Camilleri A., Johnston M.R., Brennan M., Davis S., Caldicott D.G.E. Forensic Sci. Int. 2010, 197:59.
44. Joyce C., Smyth W.F., Ramachandran V.N., O'Kane E., Coulter D.J. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 2004, 36:465.
45. Smyth W.F. Anal. Chim. Acta 2003, 492:1.
46. Weissberg A., Dagan S. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2011, 299:158.
47. Broecker S., Herre S., Wüst B., Zweigenbaum J., Pragst F. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2011, 400:101.
48. Rösner P., Junge Th. J. Mass Spectrom. 1996, 31:1047.
49. Al-Hossaini A.M., Awad T., DeRuiter J., Clark C.R. Forensic Sci. Int. 2010, 200:73.
50. Power J.D., McGlynn P., Clarke K., McDermott S.D., Kavanagh P., O'Brien J. Forensic Sci. Int. 2011, 212:6.
51. Archer R.P. Forensic Sci. Int. 2009, 185:10.