Attenuated relationship between cardiac output and oxygen uptake during high-intensity exercise

Acta Physiologica

Volumn 204, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 362-370

  Trinity, J D ^a   Lee, J F ^a   Pahnke, M D ^a   Beck, K C ^b   Coyle, E F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b KCBeck Physiological Consulting LLC   (United States)

Author keywords

Maximal exercise; Oxygen uptake; Stroke volume

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; OXYGEN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR PERFORMANCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLING; EXERCISE INTENSITY; HEART BEAT; HEART MUSCLE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEART OUTPUT; HEART STROKE VOLUME; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TRAINING;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BICYCLING; CARDIAC OUTPUT; EXERCISE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PULMONARY VENTILATION; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84856546666     PISSN: 17481708     EISSN: 17481716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02341.x     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Astrand, P.-O., Cuddy, T.E., Saltin, B. & Stenberg, J. 1964. Cardiac output during submaximal and maximal work. J Appl Physiol, 19, 268-274.
2. Barker, R.C., Hopkins, S.R., Kellogg, N., Olfert, I.M., Brutsaert, T.D., Gavin, T.P., Entin, P.L., Rice, A.J. & Wagner, P.D. 1999. Measurement of cardiac output during exercise by open-circuit acetylene uptake. J Appl Physiol, 87, 1506-1512.
3. Beaver, W.L., Lamarra, N. & Wasserman, K. 1981. Breath-by-breath measurement of true alveolar gas exchange. J Appl Physiol, 51, 1662-1675.
4. Beck, K.C., Randolph, L.N., Bailey, K.R., Wood, C.M., Snyder, E.M. & Johnson, B.D. 2006. Relationship between cardiac output and oxygen consumption during upright cycle exercise in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol, 101, 1474-1480.
5. Bevegard, S., Holmgren, A. & Jonsson, B. 1963. Circulatory studies in well trained athletes at rest and during heavy exercise. With special reference to stroke volume and the influence of body position. Acta Physiol Scand, 57, 26-50.
6. Brink-Elfegoun, T., Kaijser, L., Gustafsson, T. & Ekblom, B. 2007. Maximal oxygen uptake is not limited by a central nervous system governor. J Appl Physiol, 102, 781-786.
7. 2 extraction during maximal exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 291, R447-R453.
8. Calbet, J.A.L., Gonzalez-Alonso, J., Helge, J.W., Sondergaard, H., Munch-Andersen, T., Boushel, R. & Saltin, B. 2007. Cardiac output and leg and arm blood flow during incremental exercise to exhaustion on the cycle ergometer. J Appl Physiol, 103, 969-978.
9. Ekblom, B. & Ekblom, O. 2006. Stroke volume and the endurance athlete. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 16, 70-71.
10. Ekblom, B. & Hermansen, L. 1968. Cardiac output in athletes. J Appl Physiol, 25, 619-625.
11. Ekblom, B., Astrand, P.O., Saltin, B., Stenberg, J. & Wallstrom, B. 1968. Effect of training on circulatory response to exercise. J Appl Physiol, 24, 518-528.
12. Faisal, A., Beavers, K.R., Robertson, A.D. & Hughson, R.L. 2009. Prior moderate and heavy exercise accelerate oxygen uptake and cardiac output kinetics in endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol, 106, 1553-1563.
13. Ferguson, S., Gledhill, N., Jamnik, V.K., Wiebe, C. & Payne, N. 2001. Cardiac performance in endurance-trained and moderately active young women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, 1114-1119.
14. Flamm, S., Taki, J., Moore, R., Lewis, S., Keech, F., Maltais, F., Ahmad, M., Callahan, R., Dragotakes, S. & Alpert, N. 1990. Redistribution of regional and organ blood volume and effect on cardiac function in relation to upright exercise intensity in healthy human subjects. Circulation, 81, 1550-1559.
15. Gan, K., Nishi, I., Chin, I. & Slutsky, A. 1993. On-line determination of pulmonary blood flow using respiratory inert gas analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 40, 1250-1259.
16. Gledhill, N., Cox, D. & Jamnik, R. 1994. Endurance athletes' stroke volume does not plateau: major advantage is diastolic function. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 26, 1116-1121.
17. Gonzalez-Alonso, J. & Calbet, J.A.L. 2003. Reductions in Systemic and Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow and Oxygen Delivery Limit Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Humans. Circulation, 107, 824-830.
18. Gonzalez-Alonso, J., Dalsgaard, M.K., Osada, T., Volianitis, S., Dawson, E.A., Yoshiga, C.C. & Secher, N.H. 2004. Brain and central haemodynamics and oxygenation during maximal exercise in humans. J Physiol, 557, 331-342.
19. Grimby, G., Nilsson, N.J. & Saltin, B. 1966. Cardiac output during submaximal and maximal exercise in active middle-aged athletes. J Appl Physiol, 21, 1150-1156.
20. Harper, A.J., Ferreira, L.F., Lutjemeier, B.J., Townsend, D.K. & Barstow, T.J. 2006. Human femoral artery and estimated muscle capillary blood flow kinetics following the onset of exercise. Exp Physiol, 91, 661-671.
21. Hermansen, L., Ekblom, B. & Saltin, B. 1970. Cardiac output during submaximal and maximal treadmill and bicycle exercise. J Appl Physiol, 29, 82-86.
22. Higginbotham, M., Morris, K., Williams, R., McHale, P., Coleman, R. & Cobb, F. 1986. Regulation of stroke volume during submaximal and maximal upright exercise in normal man. Circ Res, 58, 281-291.
23. Hopkins, S.R., Gavin, T.P., Siafakas, N.M., Haseler, L.J., Olfert, I.M., Wagner, H. & Wagner, P.D. 1998. Effect of prolonged, heavy exercise on pulmonary gas exchange in athletes. J Appl Physiol, 85, 1523-1532.
24. Hopkins, S.R., Olfert, I.M., Wagner, P.D., Lovering, A.T., Eldridge, M.W. & Stickland, M.K. 2008. Point: counterpoint "Exercise-induced intrapulmonary shunting is imaginary vs. real". J Appl Physiol, 91489, 2008.
25. Johnson, B.D., Beck, K.C., Proctor, D.N., Miller, J., Dietz, N.M. & Joyner, M.J. 2000. Cardiac output during exercise by the open circuit acetylene washin method: comparison with direct Fick. J Appl Physiol, 88, 1650-1658.
26. Keul, J., Dickhuth, H.H., Simon, G. & Lehmann, M. 1981. Effect of static and dynamic exercise on heart volume, contractility, and left ventricular dimensions. Circ Res, 48, I162-I170.
27. Kitamura, K., Jorgensen, C.R., Gobel, F.L., Taylor, H.L. & Wang, Y. 1972. Hemodynamic correlates of myocardial oxygen consumption during upright exercise. J Appl Physiol, 32, 516-522.
28. Lafrenz, A., Wingo, J., Ganio, M. & Cureton, K. 2008. Effect of ambient temperature on cardiovascular drift and maximal oxygen uptake. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40, 1065-1071.
29. McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I. & Katch, V.L. 2001. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
30. McCole, S.D., Brown, M.D., Moore, G.E., Zmuda, J.M., Cwynar, J.D. & Hagberg, J.M. 1999. Cardiovascular hemodynamics with increasing exercise intensities in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol, 87, 2334-2340.
31. Mortensen, S.P., Dawson, E.A., Yoshiga, C.C., Dalsgaard, M.K., Damsgaard, R., Secher, N.H. & Gonzalez-Alonso, J. 2005. Limitations to systemic and locomotor limb muscle oxygen delivery and uptake during maximal exercise in humans. J Physiol, 566, 273-285.
32. Nielsen, O.W., Hansen, S. & Gronlund, J. 1994. Precision and accuracy of a noninvasive inert gas washin method for determination of cardiac output in men. J Appl Physiol, 76, 1560-1565.
33. 2 relationships during submaximal cycle ergometry. J Appl Physiol, 84, 599-605.
34. Rowell, L.B. 1986. Human Circulation, Regulation During Physical Stress, pp. 363-406. Oxford University Press, New York.
35. Seals, D., Hagberg, J., Spina, R., Rogers, M., Schechtman, K. & Ehsani, A. 1994. Enhanced left ventricular performance in endurance trained older men. Circulation, 89, 198-205.
36. Sheriff, D.D., Zhou, X.P., Scher, A.M. & Rowell, L.B. 1993. Dependence of cardiac filling pressure on cardiac output during rest and dynamic exercise in dogs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 265, H316-H322.
37. Spina, R.J., Ogawa, T., Martin, W.H. III, Coggan, A.R., Holloszy, J.O. & Ehsani, A.A. 1992. Exercise training prevents decline in stroke volume during exercise in young healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol, 72, 2458-2462.
38. Stohr, E.J., Gonzalez-Alonso, J. & Shave, R.E. 2011. Left ventricular mechanical limitations to stroke volume in healthy humans during incremental exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 301, H478-H487.
39. Stout, R.L., Wessel, H.U. & Paul, M.H. 1975. Pulmonary blood flow determined by continuous analysis of pulmonary N2O exchange. J Appl Physiol, 38, 913-918.
40. Stringer, W.W., Hansen, J.E. & Wasserman, K. 1997. Cardiac output estimated noninvasively from oxygen uptake during exercise. J Appl Physiol, 82, 908-912.
41. Stringer, W., Whipp, B., Wasserman, K., Porszasz, J., Christenson, P. & French, W. 2005. Non-linear cardiac output dynamics during ramp-incremental cycle ergometry. Eur J Appl Physiol, 93, 634-639.
42. Taylor, H.L., Buskirk, E. & Henschel, A. 1955. Maximal Oxygen Intake as an Objective Measure of Cardio-Respiratory Performance. J Appl Physiol, 8, 73-80.
43. Templeton, G.H., Ecker, R.R. & Mitchell, J.H. 1972. Left ventricular stiffness during diastole and systole: the influence of changes in volume and inotropic state. Cardiovasc Res, 6, 95-100.
44. Vella, C.A. & Robergs, R.A. 2005. A review of the stroke volume response to upright exercise in healthy subjects. Br J Sports Med, 39, 190-195.
45. Warburton, D.E.R. & Gledhill, N. 2008a. Counterpoint: stroke volume does not decline during exercise at maximal effort in healthy individuals. J Appl Physiol, 104, 276-278.
46. Warburton, D.E.R. & Gledhill, N. 2008b. Last Word on Point: counterpoint: stroke volume does/does not decline during exercise at maximal effort in healthy individuals. J Appl Physiol, 104, 285.
47. 2max, and performance of elite cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, 800-808.
48. Warburton, D.E., Gledhill, N. & Quinney, H.A. 2000. Blood volume, aerobic power, and endurance performance: potential ergogenic effect of volume loading. Clin J Sport Med, 10, 59-66.
49. Warburton, D.E., Haykowsky, M.J., Quinney, H.A., Blackmore, D., Teo, K.K., Taylor, D.A., McGavock, J. & Humen, D.P. 2004. Blood volume expansion and cardiorespiratory function: effects of training modality. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 36, 991-1000.
50. Weisfeldt, M.L., Frederiksen, J.W., Yin, F.C. & Weiss, J.L. 1978. Evidence of incomplete left ventricular relaxation in the dog: prediction from the time constant for isovolumic pressure fall. J Clin Invest, 62, 1296-1302.
51. Wiebe, C.G., Gledhill, N., Warburton, D.E., Jamnik, V.K. & Ferguson, S. 1998. Exercise cardiac function in endurance-trained males versus females. Clin J Sport Med, 8, 272-279.
52. Wiebe, C.G., Gledhill, N., Jamnik, V.K. & Ferguson, S. 1999. Exercise cardiac function in young through elderly endurance trained women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, 684-691.
53. Zhou, B., Conlee, R., Jensen, R., Fellingham, G., George, J. & Fisher, A. 2001. Stroke volume does not plateau during graded exercise in elite male distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, 1849-1854.