Genetically modified growth affects allometry of eye and brain in salmonids

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Volumn 90, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 193-202

  Devlin, R H ^a   Vandersteen, W E ^a   Uh, M ^a   Stevens, E D ^b  

^a FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOMETRY; BODY MASS; BRAIN; EYE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM; GROWTH RATE; GROWTH REGULATOR; SALMONID; SEX HORMONE;

ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 84856546628     PISSN: 00084301     EISSN: 14803283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/Z11-126     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Adams, C.E., and Huntingford, F.A. 2002. Inherited differences in head allometry in polymorphic Arctic charr from Loch Rannoch, Scotland. J. Fish Biol. 60(3): 515-520. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649. 2002.tb01680.x.
2. Adams, C.E., Fraser, D., Huntingford, F.A., Greer, R.B., Askew, C.M., and Walker, A.F. 1998. Trophic polymorphism amongst Arctic charr from Loch Rannoch, Scotland. J. Fish Biol. 52(6): 1259-1271. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00970.x.
3. Arendt, J.D. 1997. Adaptive intrinsic growth rates: an integration across taxa. Q. Rev. Biol. 72(2): 149-177. doi:10.1086/419764.
4. Azzolin, I., Bernard, E., Trindade, V., Gamallo, J., and Perry, M. 1991. Effect of protein malnutrition on glycoprotein, protein and lipid synthesis in the rat cerebellum during the period of brain growth spurt. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 35(2): 82-88. doi:10.1159/ 000177630. PMID:1872597.
5. Beckman, B. 2011. Perspectives on concordant and discordant relations between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and growth in fishes. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 170(2): 233-252. doi:10.1016/j. ygcen.2010.08.009. PMID:20800595.
6. Behringer, R.R., Lewin, T.M., Quaife, C.J., Palmiter, R.D., Brinster, R.L., and D'Ercole, A.J. 1990. Expression of insulin-like growth factor I stimulates normal somatic growth in growth hormonedeficient transgenic mice. Endocrinology, 127(3): 1033-1040. doi:10.1210/endo-127-3-1033. PMID:2387246.
7. Björnsson, B.T. 1997. The biology of salmon growth hormone: from daylight to dominance. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 17(1-6): 9-24. doi:10.1023/A:1007712413908.
8. Brown, J., and West, G. 2000. Scaling in biology. Oxford University Press, New York.
9. Burns, J.G., Saravanan, A., and Rodd, F.H. 2009. Rearing environment affects the brain size of guppies: lab-reared guppies have smaller brains than wild-caught guppies. Ethology, 115(2): 122-133. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01585.x.
10. Caelers, A., Maclean, N., Hwang, G., Eppler, E., and Reinecke, M. 2005. Expression of endogenous and exogenous growth hormone (GH) messenger (m) RNA in a GH-transgenic tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Transgenic Res. 14(1): 95-104. doi:10.1007/ s11248-004-5791-y. PMID:15865052.
11. Calikoglu, A., Karayal, A., and D'Ercole, A. 2001. Nutritional regulation of IGF-I expression during brain development in mice. Pediatr. Res. 49(2): 197-202. doi:10.1203/00006450-200102000-00011. PMID:11158513.
12. Casselman, J.M. 1990. Growth and relative size of calcified structures of fish. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 119(4): 673-688. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0673:GARSOC>2.3.CO;2.
13. Chen, L., Lund, P., Burgess, S., Rudisch, B., and McIlwain, D. 1997. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, and motorneuron size. J. Neurobiol. 32(2): 202-212. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(199702)32:2<202::AID-NEU5>3.0.CO;2-C. PMID:9032662.
14. Costa, C., Solanes, G., Visa, J., and Bosch, F. 1998. Transgenic rabbits overexpressing growth hormone develop acromegaly and diabetes mellitus. FASEB J. 12(14): 1455-1460. PMID:9806754.
15. Devlin, R.H., Yesaki, T.Y., Biagi, C.A., Donaldson, E.M., Swanson, P., and Chan, W.-K. 1994. Extraordinary salmon growth. Nature, 371(6494): 209-210. doi:10.1038/371209a0.
16. Devlin, R.H., Yesaki, T.Y., Donaldson, E.M., and Hew, C.L. 1995. Transmission and phenotypic effects of an antifreeze/GH gene construct in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquaculture, 137(1-4): 161-169. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(95)01090-4.
17. Devlin, R.H., Biagi, C.A., and Yesaki, T.Y. 2004a. Growth, viability and genetic characteristics of GH transgenic coho salmon strains. Aquaculture, 236(1-4): 607-632. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004. 02.026.
18. Devlin, R.H., D'Andrade, M., Uh, M., and Biagi, C.A. 2004b. Population effects of growth hormone transgenic coho salmon depend on food availability and genotype by environment interactions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(25): 9303-9308. doi:10.1073/pnas.0400023101. PMID:15192145.
19. Devlin, R.H., Sakhrani, D., Tymchuk, W.E., Rise, M.L., and Goh, B. 2009. Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106(9): 3047-3052. doi:10. 1073/pnas.0809798106. PMID:19223591.
20. Douglas, R., and Hawryshyn, C. 1990. Behavioral studies of fish vision: an analysis of visual capabilities. In The visual system of fish. Edited by R.H. Douglas and M.B.A. Djamgoz. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 373-418.
21. Du, S.J., Gong, Z., Fletcher, G.L., Shears, M.A., King, M.J., Idler, D.R., and Hew, C.L. 1992. Growth enhancement in transgenic Atlantic salmon by use of an "all fish" chimeric growth hormone gene construct. Nature Biotechnology, 10(2): 176-181. doi:10. 1038/nbt0292-176. PMID:1368229.
22. Egginton, S. 2000. The influence of environmental temperature on microvascular development in fish. Zool. Anal. Complex Sys. 102(2-3): 164-172.
23. Fjalestad, K.T., Moen, T., and Gomez-Raya, L. 2003. Prospects for genetic technology in salmon breeding programmes. Aquacult. Res. 34(5): 397-406. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00823.x.
24. Fortman, J., Reichling, T., and German, R. 2005. The impact of maternal protein malnutrition on pre-weaning skeletal and visceral organ growth in neonatal offspring of Rattus norvegicus. Growth Dev. Aging, 69(1): 39-52. PMID:16180592.
25. Gjedrem, T. 2000. Genetic improvement of cold-water fish species. Aquacult. Res. 31(1): 25-33. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000. 00389.x.
26. Gonzalez-Voyer, A., Winberg, S., and Kolm, N. 2009. Brain structure evolution in a basal vertebrate clade: evidence from phylogenetic comparative analysis of cichlid fishes. BMC Evol. Biol. 9(1): 238. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-238. PMID:19772561.
27. Gould, S.J. 1971. Geometric similarity in allometric growth: a contribution to the problem of scaling in the evolution of size. Am. Nat. 105(942): 113-136. doi:10.1086/282710.
28. Hard, J.J., Winans, G.A., and Richardson, J.C. 1999. Phenotypic and genetic architecture of juvenile morphometry in Chinook salmon. J. Hered. 90(6): 597-606. doi:10.1093/jhered/90.6.597.
29. Hershberger, W.K., Myers, J.M., Iwamoto, R.N., Macauley, W.C., and Saxton, A.M. 1990. Genetic changes in the growth of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in marine net-pens, produced by ten years of selection. Aquaculture, 85(1-4): 187-197. doi:10. 1016/0044-8486(90)90018-I.
30. Hill, A.J., Kiessling, A., and Devlin, R.H. 2000. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) transgenic for a growth hormone gene construct exhibit increased rates of muscle hyperplasia and detectable levels of differential gene expression. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 57(5): 939-950. doi:10.1139/f00-015.
31. Huang, H., and Brown, D.D. 2000. Overexpression of Xenopus laevis growth hormone stimulates growth of tadpoles and frogs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97(1): 190-194. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1. 190. PMID:10618393.
32. Huxley, J. 1932. Problems of relative growth. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md.
33. Kihslinger, R.L., and Nevitt, G.A. 2006. Early rearing environment impacts cerebellar growth in juvenile salmon. J. Exp. Biol. 209(3): 504-509. doi:10.1242/jeb.02019. PMID:16424100.
34. Kihslinger, R.L., Lema, S.C., and Nevitt, G.A. 2006. Environmental rearing conditions produce forebrain differences in wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 145(2): 145-151. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006. 06.041. PMID:16890467.
35. Kolm, N., Gonzalez-Voyer, A., Brelin, D., and Winberg, S. 2009. Evidence for small scale variation in the vertebrate brain: mating strategy and sex affect brain size and structure in wild brown trout (Salmo trutta). J. Evol. Biol. 22(12): 2524-2531. doi:10.1111/j. 1420-9101.2009.01875.x. PMID:19878498.
36. Kotrschal, K., Van Staaden, M., and Huber, R. 1998. Fish brains: evolution and environmental relationships. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 8(4): 373-408. doi:10.1023/A:1008839605380.
37. Kotrschal, K., Sundström, L.F., Brelin, D., Devlin, R.H., and Kolm, N. 2012. Inside the heads of David and Goliath: environmental effects on brain morphology among wild and growth-enhanced salmon. J. Fish. Biol. In press.
38. Kruska, D. 1988. Mammalian domestication and its effect on brain structure and behavior. In Intelligence and evolutionary biology. Edited by H.J. Jerison and I. Jerison. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 211-250.
39. Lisney, T.J., and Hawryshyn, C.W. 2010. Ocular dimensions and cone photoreceptor topography in adult Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 88(4): 369-376. doi:10.1007/ s10641-010-9652-7.
40. Marchetti, M.P., and Nevitt, G.A. 2003. Effects of hatchery rearing on brain structures of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 66(1): 9-14. doi:10.1023/A:1023269221678.
41. Marcil, J., Swain, D.P., and Hutchings, J.A. 2006. Genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation in body shape among populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 88(3): 351-365. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00656. x.
42. McClelland, E.K., Myers, J.M., Hard, J.J., Park, L.K., and Naish, K. A. 2005. Two generations of outbreeding in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): effects on size and growth. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62(11): 2538-2547. doi:10.1139/f05-159.
43. McDowall, R.M., and Pankhurst, N.W. 2005. Loss of negative eyesize allometry in a population of Aplochiton zebra (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) from the Falkland Islands. N.Z. J. Zool. 32(1): 17-22. doi:10.1080/03014223.2005.9518393.
44. McIlwain, D., Hoke, V., Kopchick, J., Fuller, C., and Lund, P. 2004. Differential inhibition of postnatal brain, spinal cord and body growth by a growth hormone antagonist. BMC Neurosci. 5(1): 6. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-5-6. PMID:15018641.
45. Ostenfeld, T.H., McLean, E., and Devlin, R.H. 1998. Transgenesis changes body and head shape in Pacific salmon. J. Fish Biol. 52(4): 850-854. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00825.x.
46. Palmiter, R.D., Brinster, R.L., Hammer, R.E., Trumbauer, M.E., Rosenfeld, M.G., Birnberg, N.C., and Evans, R.M. 1982. Dramatic growth of mice that develop from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes. Nature, 300(5893): 611-615. doi:10.1038/300611a0. PMID:6958982.
47. Pankhurst, N.W., and Montgomery, J.C. 1994. Uncoupling of visual and somatic growth in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Brain Behav. Evol. 44(3): 149-155. doi:10.1159/000113586. PMID:7987663.
48. Pavey, S.A., Nielsen, J.L., Mackas, R.H., Hamon, T.R., and Breden, F. 2010. Contrasting ecology shapes juvenile lake-type and riverine sockeye salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 139(5): 1584-1594. doi:10.1577/T09-182.1.
49. Pitkänen, T.I., Xie, S.Q., Krasnov, A., Mason, P.S., Molsa, H., and Stickland, N.C. 2001. Changes in tissue cellularity are associated with growth enhancement in genetically modified arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) carrying recombinant growth hormone gene. Mar. Biotech. 3(2): 188-197. doi:10.1007/s101260000060. PMID: 14961382.
50. Raven, P.A., Uh, M., Sakhrani, D., Beckman, B.R., Cooper, K., Pinter, J., Leder, E., Silverstein, J., and Devlin, R.H. 2008. Endocrine effects of growth hormone overexpression in transgenic coho salmon. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 159(1): 26-37. doi:10. 1016/j.ygcen.2008.07.011. PMID:18713628.
51. Shea, B., Hammer, R., and Brinster, R. 1987. Growth allometry of the organs in giant transgenic mice. Endocrinology, 121(6): 1924-1930. doi:10.1210/endo-121-6-1924. PMID:3678132.
52. Stevens, E.D., and Devlin, R.H. 2005. Is enhancement of digestive capacity a direct effect of GH transgenesis or an indirect effect of enhanced appetite? J. Fish Biol. 66: 1-16.
53. Tymchuk, W.E., and Devlin, R.H. 2005. Growth differences among first and second generation hybrids of domesticated and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 245(1-4): 295-300. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.11.007.
54. Tymchuk, W.E., Biagi, C., Withler, R.E., and Devlin, R.H. 2006. Growth and behavioral consequences of introgression of a domesticated aquaculture genotype into a native strain of coho salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 135(2): 442-455. doi:10.1577/T05-181.1.
55. Young, S., and Egginton, S. 2009. Allometry of skeletal muscle fine structure allows maintenance of aerobic capacity during ontogenetic growth. J. Exp. Biol. 212(21): 3564-3575. doi:10.1242/jeb. 029512. PMID:19837898.