Persistence of the nasotrigeminal reflex after pontomedullary transection

Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology

Volumn 180, Issue 2-3, 2012, Pages 230-236

  Panneton, W Michael ^a   Gan, Qi ^a   Sun, D Wei ^a,b  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular; Diving response; Heart rate; Medulla; Respiration; SIDS

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; APNEA; ARTICLE; BRAIN STEM; BRAIN SURGERY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIVING; HEART RATE; MALE; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; NASOTRIGEMINAL REFLEX; NONHUMAN; NOSE MUCOSA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REFLEX; REST; SPINAL CORD; VAPOR;

AMMONIA; ANESTHESIA; ANIMALS; APNEA; BLOOD PRESSURE; BRADYCARDIA; BRAIN STEM; HEART RATE; MALE; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; NASAL CAVITY; NASAL MUCOSA; NERVE NET; PONS; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; REFLEX; RESPIRATORY MECHANICS; STIMULATION, CHEMICAL; TRIGEMINAL NERVE; VASOCONSTRICTION;

EID: 84856474309     PISSN: 15699048     EISSN: 18781519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.11.012     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Alheid G.F., Milsom W.K., McCrimmon D.R. Pontine influences on breathing: an overview. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2004, 143:105-114.
2. Angell James J.E., de Burgh Daly M. Reflex respiratory and cardiovascular effects of stimulation of receptors in the nose of the dog. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 1972, 220:673-696.
3. Blix A.S., Folkow B. Cardiovascular adjustments to diving in mammals and birds. Handbook of Physiology - The Cardiovascular System 1983, 917-945. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD. J.T. Sheperd, F.M. Abboud (Eds.).
4. Butler P.J., Jones D.R. The comparative physiology of diving in vertebrates. Adv. Comp. Physiol. Biochem. 1982, 8:179-364.
5. Butler P.J., Jones D.R. Physiology of diving of birds and mammals. Physiol. Rev. 1997, 77:837-899.
6. Chamberlin N.L. Functional organization of the parabrachial complex and intertrigeminal region in the control of breathing. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2004, 143:115-125.
7. Chamberlin N.L., Saper C.B. A brainstem network mediating apneic reflexes in the rat. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:6048-6056.
8. Doyle R.E., Panneton W.M., Vogler G.A., Romeo J.P., Watson B.J., Higgins B. The muskrat in biomedical research. J. Lab. Anim. Sci. 1988, 38:667-674.
9. Drummond P.C., Jones D.R. The initiation and maintenance of bradycardia in a diving mammal, the muskrat, Ondatra zibethica. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 1979, 290:253-271.
10. Dubayle D., Viala D. Interactions between medullary and spinal respiratory rhythm generators in the in vitro brainstem spinal cord preparation from newborn rats. Exp. Brain Res. 1996, 109:1-8.
11. Dutschmann M., Herbert H. Fos expression in the rat parabrachial and Kölliker-Fuse nuclei after electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ethmoidal nerve and water stimulation of the nasal mucosa. Exp. Brain Res. 1997, 117:97-110.
12. Dutschmann M., Herbert H. The medial nucleus of the solitary tract mediates the trigeminally evoked pressor response. Neuroreport 1998, 9:1053-1057.
13. Dutschmann M., Paton J.F.R. Influence of nasotrigeminal afferents on medullary respiratory neurones and upper airway patency in the rat. Pflugers Arch. 2002, 444:227-235.
14. Dykes R.W. Factors related to the dive reflex in harbor seals: sensory contributions from the trigeminal region. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1974, 52:259-265.
15. Elsner R., Franklin D.L., Van Citters R.L., Kenney D.W. Cardiovascular defense against asphyxia. Science 1966, 153:941-949.
16. Elsner R., Gooden B. Diving and Asphyxia: A Comparative Study of Animals and Man 1983, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 1-168.
17. Gandevia S.C., McCloskey D.I., Potter E.K. Reflex bradycardia occurring in response to diving, nasopharyngeal stimulation and ocular pressure, and its modification by respiration and swallowing. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 1978, 276:383-394.
18. Gieroba Z.J., MacKenzie L., Willoughby J.O., Blessing W.W. Fos-determined distribution of neurons activated during the Bezold-Jarisch reflex in the medulla oblongata in conscious rabbits and rats. Brain Res. 1995, 683:43-50.
19. Goksör E., Rosengren L., Wennergren G. Bradycardic response during submersion in infant swimming. Acta Paediatr. 2002, 91:307-312.
20. Grillner S., Cangiano L., Hu G.Y., Thompson R., Hill R., Wallen P. The intrinsic function of a motor system - from ion channels to networks and behavior. Brain Res. 2000, 886:224-236.
21. Grillner S., Ekeberg O.E., El Manira A., Lansner A., Parker D., Tegner J., Wallen P. Intrinsic function of a neuronal network - a vertebrate central pattern generator. Brain Res. Rev. 1998, 26:184-197.
22. Guyenet P.G., Koshiya N., Huangfu D., Verberne A.J.M., Riley T.A. Central respiratory control of A5 and A6 pontine noradrenergic neurons. Am. J. Physiol. 1993, 264:R1035-R1044.
23. Hilaire G., Viemari J.-C., Coulon P., Simmonneau M., Bévengut M. Modulation of the respiratory rhythm generator by the pontine noradrenergic A5 and A6 groups in rodents. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2004, 279:187-197.
24. Ho C.Y., Kou Y.R. Protective and defensive airway reflexes evoked by nasal exposure to wood smoke in anesthetized rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 2000, 88:863-870.
25. Houdi A.A., Dowell R.T., Diana J.N. Cardiovascular responses to cigarette smoke exposed to restrained conscious rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1995, 275:646-653.
26. Jackson J. Evolution and dissolution of the nervous system. Lecture 1. Br. Med. J. 1884, 1:591-593.
27. Jackson J. Evolution and dissolution of the nervous system. Lecture 3. Br. Med. J. 1884, 1:703-707.
28. Kobayashi M., Cheng Z.B., Nosaka S. Inhibition of baroreflex vagal bradycardia by nasal stimulation in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1999, 276:H176-H184.
29. Koppányi T., Dooley M.S. Submergence and postural apnea in the muskrat. Am. J. Physiol. 1929, 88:592-595.
30. Kratschmer F. On reflexes from the nasal mucous membrane on respiration and circulation. Respir. Physiol. 2001, 127:93-104.
31. Leiter J.C., Böhm I. Mechanisms of pathogenesis in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2007, 159:127-138.
32. Li A., Emond L., Nattie E. Brainstem catecholaminergic neurons modulate both respiratory and cardiovascular function. Integration in Respiratory Control: From Genes to Systems 2008, 371-376. Springer Press. M.J. Poulin, R.J.A. Wilson (Eds.).
33. Lumsden T. Observations on the respiratory centres in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 1923, 57:153-160.
34. Lumsden T. The regulation of respiration. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 1923, 58:81-91.
35. Maiorov D.N., Wilton E.R., Badoer E., Petrie D., Head G.A., Malpas S.C. Sympathetic response to stimulation of the pontine A5 region in conscious rabbits. Brain Res. 1999, 815:227-236.
36. Martner J., Wadenvik H., Lisander B. Apnoea and bradycardia from submersion in "chronically" decerebrated cats. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1977, 101:476-480.
37. McCulloch P.F., Faber K.M., Panneton W.M. Electrical stimulation of the anterior ethmoidal nerve produces the diving response. Brain Res. 1999, 830:24-31.
38. McCulloch P.F., Panneton W.M. Fos immunohistochemical determination of brainstem neuronal activation in the muskrat after nasal stimulation. Neuroscience 1997, 78:913-925.
39. McCulloch P.F., Panneton W.M., Guyenet P.G. The rostral ventrolateral medulla mediates the sympathoactivation produced by chemical stimulation of the nasal mucosa. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 1999, 516:471-484.
40. McRitchie R.J., White S.W. Role of trigeminal olfactory, carotid sinus and aortic nerves in the respiratory and circulatory response to nasal inhalation of cigarette smoke and other irritants in the rabbit. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 1974, 52:127-140.
41. Mousa T.M., Gao L., Cornish K.G., Zucker I.H. Effects of angiotensin II on autonomic components of nasopharyngeal stimulation in male conscious rabbits. J. Appl. Physiol. 2005, 98:1607-1611.
42. Nakamura T., Hayashida Y. Autonomic cardiovascular responses to smoke exposure in conscious rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1992, 262:R738-R745.
43. Nalivaiko E., De Pasquale C.G., Blessing W.W. Electrocardiographic changes associated with the nasopharyngeal reflex in conscious rabbits: vago-sympathetic co-activation. Auton. Neurosci. 2003, 105:101-104.
44. Ondina D.M., Yamamoto W.S., Masland W.S. Respiratory centers in the albino rat. Am. J. Physiol. 1960, 198:389-392.
45. Onimaru H., Homma I. Whole cell recordings from respiratory neurons in the medulla of brainstem-spinal cord preparations isolated from newborn rats. Pflugers Arch. 1992, 420:399-406.
46. Onimaru H., Homma I. A novel functional neuron group for respiratory rhythm generation in the ventral medulla. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:1478-1486.
47. Panneton W.M. Controlled bradycardia induced by nasal stimulation in the muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 1990, 30:253-264.
48. Panneton W.M. Primary afferent projections from the upper respiratory tract in the muskrat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 308:51-65.
49. Panneton W.M. Trigeminal mediation of the diving response in the muskrat. Brain Res. 1991, 560:321-325.
50. Panneton W.M., Anch M.A., Gan Q. Topography of preganglionic parasympathetic cardiac motor neurons labeled after underwater submersion. FASEB J. 2007, 21.
51. Panneton W.M., Gan Q., Juric R. Brainstem projections from recipient zones of the anterior ethmoidal nerve in the medullary dorsal horn. Neuroscience 2006, 141:889-906.
52. Panneton W.M., Gan Q., Juric R. Cardiorespiratory and neural consequences of rats brought past their aerobic dive limit. J. Appl. Physiol. 2010, 109:1256-1269.
53. Panneton W.M., Gan Q., Juric R. The rat: a laboratory model for studies of the diving response. J. Appl. Physiol. 2010, 108:811-820.
54. Panneton W.M., Gan Q., Sun W. Pressor responses to nasal stimulation are unaltered after disrupting the caudalmost ventrolateral medulla. Auto. Neurosci. 2008, 144:13-21.
55. Panneton W.M., Hsu H., Gan Q. Distinct central representations for sensory fibers innervating either the conjunctiva or cornea of the rat. Exp. Eye Res. 2010, 90:388-396.
56. Panneton W.M., McCulloch P.F., Tan Y., Tan Y.X., Yavari P. Brainstem origin of preganglionic cardiac motoneurons in the muskrat. Brain Res. 1996, 738:342-346.
57. Panneton W.M., Sun W. Cardiorespiratory changes after nasal stimulation persist after partial pontine transection. Neurosci. Abstr. 2002, 27.
58. Panneton W.M., Yavari P. A medullary dorsal horn relay for the cardiorespiratory responses evoked by stimulation of the nasal mucosa in the muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus: evidence for excitatory amino acid transmission. Brain Res. 1995, 691:37-45.
59. Peterson D.F., Coote J.H., Gilbey M.P., Futuro-Neto H.A. Differential pattern of sympathetic outflow during upper airway stimulation with smoke. Am. J. Physiol. 1983, 245:R433-R437.
60. Potts J.T., Rybak I.A., Paton J.F. Respiratory rhythm entrainment by somatic afferent stimulation. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:1965-1978.
61. Radulovacki M., Pavlovic S., Carley D.W. Pontine intertrigeminal region attenuates sleep apneas in rats. Sleep 2004, 27:383-387.
62. Radulovacki M., Pavlovic S., Saponjic J., Carley D.W. Intertrigeminal region attenuates reflex apnea and stabilizes respiratory pattern in rats. Brain Res. 2003, 975:66-72.
63. Roh J., Cheung V.C.K., Bizzi E. Modules in the brain stem and spinal cord underlying motor behaviors. J. Neurophysiol. 2011, 106:1363-1378.
64. Rybka E.J., McCulloch P.F. The anterior ethmoidal nerve is necessary for the initiation of the nasopharyngeal response in the rat. Brain Res. 2006, 1075:122-132.
65. Schagatay E., Van Kampen M. Apneic snout immersion in trained pigs elicits a "diving response" Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1995, 393:73-76.
66. Tchobroutsky C., Merlet C., Rey P. The diving reflex in rabbit, sheep and newborn lamb and its afferent pathways. Respir. Physiol. 1969, 8:108-117.
67. Topchiy I., Radulovacki M., Waxman J., Carley D.W. Cardiorespiratory effects of intertrigeminal area stimulation in vagotomized rats. Brain Res. 2009, 1250:120-129.
68. Viemari J.C., Bevengut M., Coulon P., Hilaire G. Nasal trigeminal inputs release the A5 inhibition received by the respiratory rhythm generator of the mouse neonate. J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 91:746-758.
69. Wallois F., Macron J.M., Jounieaux V., Duron B. Trigeminal nasal receptors related to respiration and to various stimuli in cats. Respir. Physiol. 1991, 85:111-125.
70. Wallois F., Macron J.M., Jounieaux V., Duron B. Influence of trigeminal nasal afferents on bulbar respiratory neuronal activity. Brain Res. 1992, 599:105-116.
71. Whishaw I.Q., Schallert T. Hippocampal RSA (theta), apnea, bradycardia, and effects of atropine during underwater swimming in the rat. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1977, 42:389-396.
72. White S., McRitchie R.J., Korner P.I. Central nervous system control of cardiorespiratory nasopharyngeal reflexes in the rabbit. Am. J. Physiol. 1975, 228:404-409.
73. White S.W., McRitchie R.J., Franklin D.L. Autonomic cardiovascular effects of nasal inhalation of cigarette smoke in the rabbit. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 1974, 52:111-126.
74. Whyane T.F., Smith N.T., Eger E.I., Stoelting R.K., Whitcher C.E. The effects of halothane anesthesia on reflex cardiovascular responses to simulated diving and the Valsalva maneuver. Anesthesiology 1971, 34:262-270.
75. Yavari P., McCulloch P.F., Panneton W.M. Trigeminally-mediated alteration of cardiorespiratory rhythms during nasal application of carbon dioxide in the rat. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 1996, 61:195-200.