Carbon monoxide as a tracer of gas transport in snow and other natural porous media

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2012, Pages

  Huwald, Hendrik ^a   Selker, John S ^b   Tyler, Scott W ^c   Calaf, Marc ^a   Van De Giesen, Nick C ^d   Parlange, Marc B ^a  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^d DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; CARBON MONOXIDE; POROUS MATERIALS; SENSORS; WATER SUPPLY; WATER VAPOR;

ADVECTION-DIFFUSION; BREAK THROUGH CURVE; CO-INJECTION; GAS TRANSPORT; HIGH RESOLUTION; IN-SITU; LOW BACKGROUND; LOW POWER; LOW WATER; MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; MOISTURE TRANSPORT; MULTI SENSOR; SEASONAL SNOW COVER; SOIL SCIENCE; TRACER GAS; WATER VAPOR TRANSPORT;

SNOW;

ADVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATION; BREAKTHROUGH CURVE; CARBON MONOXIDE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; GAS TRANSPORT; MOISTURE TRANSFER; PLUME; POROUS MEDIUM; SNOW; SOIL WATER; SOLUBILITY; TRACER; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 84856455723     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011GL050247     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Albert, M. R. (2002), Effects of snow and firn ventilation on sublimation rates, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 52-56, doi:10.3189/172756402781817194. (Pubitemid 36386574)
2. Albert, M. R., and R. L. Hawley (2002), Seasonal changes in snow surface roughness characteristics at Summit, Greenland: Implications for snow and firn ventilation, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 510-514, doi:10.3189/172756402781816591. (Pubitemid 36386633)
3. Albert, M. R., and W. R. McGilvary (1992), Thermal effects due to air flow and vapor transport in dry snow, J. Glaciol., 38, 273-281. (Pubitemid 23374387)
4. Albert, M. R., and E. F. Shultz (2002), Snow and firn properties and air-snow transport processes at Summit, Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2789-2797, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00119-X. (Pubitemid 34632672)
5. Albert, M. R., A. M. Grannas, J. Bottenheim, P. B. Shepson, and F. E. Perron (2002), Processes and properties of snow-air transfer in the high Arctic with application to interstitial ozone at Alert, Canada, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2779-2787, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00118-8. (Pubitemid 34632671)
6. Allaire, S. E., J. A. Lafound, A. R. Cabral, and S. F. Lange (2008), Measurement of gas diffusion through soils: Comparison of laboratory methods, J. Environ. Monit., 10, 1326-1336, doi:10.1039/b809461f.
7. Bartlett, S. J., and M. Lehning (2011), A theoretical assessment of heat transfer by ventilation in homogeneous snowpacks, Water Resour. Res., 47, W04503, doi:10.1029/2010WR010008.
8. Box, J. E., and K. Steffen (2001), Sublimation on the Greenland ice sheet from automated weather station observations, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 33,965-33,981, doi:10.1029/2001JD900219.
9. Clarke, G. K. C., and E. D. Waddington (1991), A three-dimensional theory of wind pumping, J. Glaciol., 37, 89-96.
10. Colbeck, S. C. (1989), Air movement in snow due to wind pumping, J. Gla-ciol., 35, 209-213.
11. Conrad, R., O. Meyer, and W. Seiler (1981), Role of carboxydobacteria in consumption of atmospheric carbon monoxide by soil, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 42, 211-215. (Pubitemid 12232473)
12. Cunningham, J., and E. D. Waddington (1993), Air flow and dry deposition of non-sea salt sulfate in polar firn: Paleoclimatic implications, Atmos. Environ., 27, 2943-2956, doi:10.1016/0960-1686(93)90327-U.
13. Glauz, R. D., and D. E. Rolston (1989), Optimal design of two-chamber gas diffusion cells, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 53, 1619-1624, doi:10.2136/sssaj1989. 03615995005300060001x. (Pubitemid 20402942)
14. Hamamoto, S., P. Moldrup, K. Kawamoto, T. Komatsu, and D. E. Rolston (2009), Unified measurement system for the gas dispersion coefficient, air permeability, and gas diffusion coefficient in variably saturated soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 73, 1921-1930, doi:10.2136/sssaj2009.0012.
15. Heitman, J. L., R. Horton, T. J. Sauer, and T. M. Desutter (2008), Sensible heat observations reveal soil-water evaporation dynamics, J. Hydrome-teorol., 9, 165-171, doi:10.1175/2007JHM963.1.
16. Heitman, J. L., R. Horton, T. J. Sauer, T. S. Ren, and X. Xiao (2010), Latent heat in soil heat flux measurements, Agric. For. Meteorol., 150, 1147-1153, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.04.017.
17. Hood, E., M. Williams, and D. Cline (1999), Sublimation from a seasonal snowpack at a continental, mid-latitude alpine site, Hydrol. Processes, 13, 1781-1797, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/133.0.CO;2-C. (Pubitemid 30024781)
18. Lai, S. H., J. M. Tiedje, and A. E. Erickson (1976), In situ measurement of gas-diffusion coefficient in soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 40, 3-6, doi:10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000010006x.
19. Lange, S. F., S. E. Allaire, and D. E. Rolston (2009), Soil-gas diffusivity in large soil monoliths, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 60, 1065-1077, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2009.01172.x.
20. Liao, W., and D. Tan (2008), 1-D Air-snowpack modeling of atmospheric nitrous acid at South Pole during ANTCI 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7087-7099, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7087-2008.
21. MacDonald, M. K., J. W. Pomeroy, and A. Pietroniro (2010), On the importance of sublimation to an alpine snow mass balance in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1401-1415, doi:10.5194/hess-14-1401- 2010.
22. Massman, W. J. (2006), Advective transport of CO2 in permeable media induced by atmospheric pressure fluctuations: 1. An analytical model, J. Geophys. Res., 111, G03004, doi:10.1029/2006JG000163. (Pubitemid 47489854)
23. Massman, W. J., and J. M. Frank (2006), Advective transport of CO2 in permeable media induced by atmospheric pressure fluctuations: 2. Observational evidence under snowpacks, J. Geophys. Res., 111, G03005, doi:10.1029/ 2006JG000164. (Pubitemid 47489855)
24. Massman, W. J., R. A. Sommerfeld, A. R. Mosier, K. F. Zeller, T. J. Hehn, and S. G. Rochelle (1997), A model investigation of turbulence-driven pressure-pumping effects on the rate of diffusion of CO2, N2O, and CH4 through layered snowpacks, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 18,851-18,863, doi:10.1029/97JD00844.
25. McIntyre, D. S., and J. R. Philip (1964), A field method for measurement of gas diffusion into soils, Aust. J. Soil Res., 2, 133-145, doi:10.1071/SR9640133.
26. Neumann, T. A., and E. D. Waddington (2004), Effects of firn ventilation on isotopic exchange, J. Glaciol., 50, 183-194, doi:10.3189/172756504781830150.
27. Parker, D. J., and A. J. Thorpe (1995), The role of snow sublimation in frontogenesis, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 763-782, doi:10.1002/qj. 49712152403.
28. Parlange, M. B., and G. G. Katul (1992), Estimation of the diurnal-variation of the potential evaporation from a wet bare soil surface, J. Hydrol., 132, 71-89, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(92)90173-S.
29. Parlange, M. B., A. T. Cahill, D. R. Nielsen, J. W. Hopmans, and O. Wendroth (1998), Review of heat and water movement in field soils, Soil Tillage Res., 47, 5-10, doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00066-X. (Pubitemid 28324633)
30. Rolston, D. E., and P. Moldrup (2002), Gas diffusivity, in Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, edited by J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp, pp. 1113-1139, Soil Sci. Soc. of Am., Madison, Wis.
31. Rolston, D. E., R. D. Glautz, G. L. Grundmann, and D. T. Louie (1991), Evaluation of an in situ method for measurement of gas diffusivity in surface soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55, 1536-1542, doi:10.2136/sssaj1991. 03615995005500060006x.
32. Schwen, A., J. Böttcher, C. von der Heide, T. Fandré, M. Deurer, and W. H. M. Duijnisveld (2011), A modified method for the in situ measurement of soil gas diffusivity, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 75, 813-821, doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0272.
33. Seok, B., M. W. Williams, D. Helmig, D. Liptzin, K. Chowanski, and J. Hueber (2009), An automated system for continuous measurements of trace gas fluxes through snow: An evaluation of the gas diffusion method at a subalpine forest site, Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Biogeo-chemistry, 95, 95-113, doi:10.1007/s10533-009-9302-3.
34. Severinghaus, J. P., et al. (2010), Deep air convection in the firn at a zero-accumulation site, central Antarctica, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 293, 359-367, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.03.003.
35. Simunek, J., M. T. van Genuchten, M. Sejna, N. Toride, and F. J. Leij (1999), The STANMOD computer software for evaluating solute transport in porous media using analytical solutions of convection-dispersion equation, versions 1.0 and 2.0, Rep. IGWMC-TPS-71, 32 pp., Int. Ground Water Model. Cent., Golden, Colo.
36. Takle, E. S., W. J. Massman, J. R. Brandle, R. A. Schmidt, X. H. Zhou, 1. V. Litvina, R. Garcia, G. Doyle, and C. W. Rice (2004), Influence f high-frequency ambient pressure pumping on carbon dioxide efflux from soil, Agric. For. Meteorol., 124, 193-206, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet. 2004.01.014. (Pubitemid 38946014)
37. Werner, D. P., P. Gratwohl, and P. Höhener (2004), Review of field methods for the determination of the tortuosity and effective gas-phase diffusivity in the vadose zone, Vadose Zone J., 3, 1240-1248.
38. Williams, M. W., D. Helmig, and P. Blanken (2009), White on green: Under-snow microbial processes and trace gas fluxes through snow, Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, Biogeochemistry, 95, 1-12, doi:10.1007/s10533-009-9330-z.