Pathways, motivations and challenges: Contemporary Tuvaluan migration to New Zealand

GeoJournal

Volumn 77, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 63-82

  Shen, Shawn ^a   Binns, Tony ^b  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Climate Change; Environment; Migration; New Zealand; Tuvalu

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES; MIGRATION; NEW ZEALAND; PACIFIC OCEAN; TUVALU;

SEA LEVEL;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

CLIMATE CHANGE; DECISION MAKING; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; IMMIGRATION; MOVEMENT; REFUGEE; SEA LEVEL; VULNERABILITY;

NEW ZEALAND; PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 84856454762     PISSN: 03432521     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10708-010-9386-2     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Armstrong, H., & Read, R. (2000). Comparing the economic performance of depedent territories and sovereign microstates. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(2), 285-298.
2. Asian Development Bank. (2003). Priorities of the people: Hardship in Tuvalu. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
3. Asian Development Bank. (2005). Tuvalu economic trends and prospects in developing Asia. Asia Development Outlook 2005. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
4. Bates, D. (2002). Environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change. Population and Environment, 23(5), 465-477.
5. Bedford, R. (2007). Pasifika mobility: Pathways, Circuits and Challenges in the 21st Century. Report for the Pasifik Project, Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University of Wellington.
6. Bedford, R., Ho, E. S., & Hugo, G. (2003). Trans-Tasman migration in context: Recent flows of New Zealanders revisited. People and Place, 11(4), 53-62.
7. Bertram, I. G., & Watters, R. F. (1985). The MIRAB economy in South Pacific microstates. Pacific Viewpoint, 26(3), 497-519.
8. Bertrand, J., Brown, J., & Ward, V. (1992). Techniques for analyzing focus group data. Evaluation Review, 16, 198-209.
9. Berzon, A. (2006). Tuvalu is drowning. Salon News. March 31, 2006. Retrieved on May 21, 2006 from: http://www. salon. com/news/feature/2006/03/31/tuvalu.
10. Bindoff, N. L., Willebrand, J., Artale, V., Cazenave, A., Gregory, J. Gulev, S., et al. (2007). Observations: Oceanic climate change and sea level. In S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller (Eds.), Climate change 2007: The physical sciencebasis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, NY.
11. Chappell, D. (2005). Oceanian diaspora. In M. Ember, R. Ember & I. Skoggard (Eds.), Encyclopedia of diasporas: immigration and refugee cultures around the world. New York: Springer, pp. 224-232.
12. Cocks, K. D., & Foran, B. D. (1995). Quality of life as a discretionary determinant of Australia's long-term population. Population 2040: Australia's choice (p. 6378). Canberra: Australian Academy of Science.
13. Connell, J. (2003). Losing ground? Tuvalu, the greenhouse effect and the garbage can. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 44(2), 89-107.
14. Connell, J. (2005). A nation in decline? Migration and emigration from the Cook Islands. Asia and Pacific Migration Journal, 14(3), 327-350.
15. Connell, J. (2008). Niue: Embracing a culture of migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 34(6), 1021-1040.
16. Connell, J., & Brown, R. (1995). Migration and remittances in the South Pacific: Towards new pespectives. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 4(1), 1-33.
17. Cunliffe, D. (2006a). Outline of New Zealand's policy for labour mobility. Briefing Paper accompanying the media statements by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Immigration and Social Development and Employment.
18. Cunliffe, D. (2006b). New Zealand and the Pacific labour market. Press Release. June 29, 2006. Wellington: Government of New Zealand.
19. Cunliffe, D. (2007). Further fall in overstayer numbers welcomed. Press release. March 27, 2007. Wellington: Government of New Zealand.
20. Dalziel, L. (2003). Tuvalu, Kiribati, and Nauru no longer visa free. Press Release. December 4, 2003. Wellington: Government of New Zealand.
21. Department of Internal Affairs. (2008a). Services-New Zealand citizenship by descent. Retrieved on 10 September, 2008 from: http://www. dia. govt. nz/diawebsite. nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Citizenship-New-Zealand-Citizenship-by-Descent?OpenDocument.
22. Department of Internal Affairs. (2008b). Services-New Zealand citizenship requirements. Retrieved on 12 September, 2008 from: http://www. citizenship. govt. nz/diawebsite. nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Citizenship-Requirements-for-New-Zealand-Citizenship?OpenDocument.
23. Docquier, F., & Schiff, M. (2009). Measuring skilled migration rate: The case of small states. World Bank policy research working paper, No. 4827.
24. Eichelberger, T. (1989). Disciplined inquiry: Understanding and doing social research. New York: Longman.
25. El-Hinnawi, Essam. (1985). Environmental refugees. Nairobi: UNEP.
26. Gasson, B. (2005). Pacific: Information bulletin on Tokelau. Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Government of New Zealand.
27. Government of Tuvalu. (2002). Tuvalu census of population and housing volume 1: Analytical report (p. 15). Funafuti: Government of Tuvalu.
28. Hawke, G. (1985). The making of New Zealand. In An economic history. Cambridge University Press.
29. Hawkins, F. (1991). Critical years in immigration: Canada and Australia compared. McGill: Queens Press.
30. Howe, K. (1984). Where the waves fall: A new South Sea Islands history from first settlement to colonial rule. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
31. Hugo, G. (2008). Migration, development and environment. Research workshop on migration and the environment: Developing a global research agenda, Munich (pp. 16-18). April.
32. Hunter, J. R. (2002). A note on relative sea level change at Funafuti, Tuvalu. Hobart, Australia: Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACECRC).
33. Immigration New Zealand. (2008). Immigration New Zealand statistics: Ballot system. Wellington: Department of Labour, Government of New Zealand.
34. IOM. (2008). World migration 2008: Managing labour mobility in the evolving global economy. Geneva: IOM.
35. IOM/RPG. (1992). Migration and the environment. Geneva: International Organization for Migration and Washington, DC: Refugee Policy Group.
36. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2007). Climate change 2007: The physical scientific basis. Summary for policymakers & technical summary of the working group I report, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
37. Jacobson, J. (1988). Environmental refugees: A Yardstick of habitability. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute.
38. Lewis, J. (1989). Sea level rise: Some implications for Tuvalu. The Environmentalist, 9(4), 269-275.
39. Mahmud, N. (1994). Living through this: Environmental refugees in the Philippines. International Development Studies Master's Thesis, Halifax: Saint Mary's University.
40. Martin, S. (1992). The inhospitable earth. Refugees May 1992, 13.
41. Marton, F., & Fai, P. M. (1999). Phenomenography: Two faces of variation. In 8th European conference for learning and instruction, August 24-28, 1999, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
42. New Zealand Immigration Service (NZIS). (2008a). Immigration New Zealand operations manual. Immigration New Zealand: Department of Labour.
43. New Zealand Immigration Service (NZIS). (2008b). Self-assessment guide for residence in New Zealand. Immigration New Zealand: Department of Labour.
44. New Zealand Immigration Service (NZIS). (2008c). New Zealand Residence Programme for 2008/2009. Immigration New Zealand: Department of Labour.
45. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2007). Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement (TTTA). Government of New Zealand. Retrieved on May 9, 2008. http://www. mfat. govt. nz/Foreign-Relations/Australia/0-trans-tasman-travel. php.
46. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2008). New Zealand's Immigration Relationship with Tuvalu. Retrieved on 20 September, 2008 from: http://www. mfat. govt. nz/Foreign-Relations/Pacific/NZ-Tuvalu-immigration. php.
47. NZAID. (2008). Tuvalu fact sheet: New Zealand's aid in Tuvalu. NZAID. Retrieved on 23 December 2008, from: http://www. nzaid. govt. nz/programmes/c-tuvalu. html.
48. Permanent Mission of Tuvalu to the United Nations. (2009). Country facts: Map of Tuvalu. Retrieved on 20 September, 2009 from: http://www. un. int/wcm/content/site/tuvalu/cache/offonce/pid/3712.
49. Richmond, A. H. (1994). Global apartheid: Refugees. Racism and the new world order. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
50. Schutz, A. (1967). The phenomenology of the social world. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
51. Statistics. New Zealand. (2007). Tuvaluan people in New Zealand 2006. Wellington: Statistics New Zealand.
52. Suhrke, A., & Zolberg, A. R. (1999). Issues in contemporary refugee policies. In A. Bernstein & M. Weiner (Eds.), Migration and refugee policies: An overview (pp. 143-180). New York: Pinter.
53. Telavi, M. (1983). Chapter 18: World War II in Tuvalu. In Tuvalu-a history (pp. 195-200). Institute of Pacific Studies and Extension Services, University of the South Pacific, and the Tuvalu Ministry of Social Services.
54. Tuvalu Central Statistics Division. (2006). Total imports by major partner in Australian dollars. Economics: Trade import statistics. Tuvalu: Customs Department.
55. van Hear, N. (1998). New diasporas: The mass exodus. Dispersal and regrouping of migrant communities. London: UCL.
56. Ward, R. G. (1989). Earth's empty quarter: Pacific islands in a Pacific century. The Geographical Journal, 155(2), 235-246.
57. Westing, A. H. (1992). Environmental refugees: A growing category of displaced persons. Environmental Conservation, 19, 201-207.
58. Williams, N. (2007). New fears on sea-level rise. Current Biology, 17(15), 572.